A new analog of pyrrolezanthine from the roots of Reynoutria ciliinervis (Nakai) Moldenke

Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes: Origins and Physiological Activities

Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde (Py-2-C) derivatives have been isolated from many natural sources, including fungi, plants (roots, leaves, and seeds), and microorganisms. The well-known diabetes molecular marker, pyrraline, which is produced after sequential reactions in vivo, has a Py-2-C skeleton. Py-2-Cs can be chemically produced by the strong acid-catalyzed condensation of glucose and amino acid derivatives in vitro. These observations indicate the importance of the Py-2-C skeleton in vivo and suggest that molecules containing this skeleton have various biological functions. In this review, we have summarized Py-2-C derivatives based on their origins. We also discuss the structural characteristics, natural sources, and physiological activities of isolated compounds containing the Py-2-C group.

Two New Compounds Isolated from the Leaves of Ohwia caudata and Their Neuroprotective Effect against LPS-Induced BV2 Cells

From the dried leaves of Ohwia caudata, two new compounds, namely (4E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-butenoic acid butyl ester (1), and 4-benzyl-1,3-phenylenedicarbamic acid methyl ester (2), together with five known compounds, were isolated and identified. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established using 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectral analysis. Previous studies on O. caudata had been reported to protect against Alzheimer's disease, two new compounds were evaluated for their neuroprotective effect against lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia cells. The result indicated two compounds showed well anti-neuroinflammatory activity at 12.5 μM.

2-Formylpyrrole natural products: origin, structural diversity, bioactivity and synthesis

2-Formylpyrroles constitute a large and growing family of bioactive Maillard reaction products found in food, traditional medicine and throughout nature.