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Yang H, Zhang S, Gu Y, Peng J, Huang X, Guo H, Chen L, Jiang Y, Liu M, Luo X, Xie J, Wan X. Identification and variation analysis of the composition and content of essential oil and fragrance compounds in Phoebe zhennan wood at different tree ages. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1368894. [PMID: 38595765 PMCID: PMC11002133 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1368894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Wood essential oil and wood products with special fragrances are high value-added forest products. Despite the availability of essential oil and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Phoebe zhennan wood, their variation and dependence on tree age have not been examined. After essential oil extraction and wood processing, the yields and compositions of essential oils and VOCs in wood from P. zhennan trees of different ages (10a, 30a, and 80a) were determined. The yield of essential oil from 30a wood was significantly greater than that from 10a and 80a wood. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed 672 and 41 volatile compounds, respectively, in the essential oil and wood, the majority of which exhibited large fluctuations in relative content and composition depending on tree age. Sesquiterpenoids, fatty acids and conjugates may greatly contribute to the main components of essential oil from wood. Almost all major sesquiterpenoid compounds, such as caryophyllene α-oxide, eudesmo, and cubebene, were identified in the essential oils from the 30a and 80a wood, and their relative contents were much greater than those in the 10a wood. The main components of the wood fragrance were sesquiterpenoids. The types and relative contents of sesquiterpenoids from wood increased with tree age. These results suggest that choosing wood from trees of a suitable age will significantly improve the efficiency of wood utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Yang
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuaiying Zhang
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjie Gu
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Guo
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianghua Chen
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongze Jiang
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minhao Liu
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiandan Luo
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqin Wan
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Yang H, Wang F, An W, Gu Y, Jiang Y, Guo H, Liu M, Peng J, Jiang B, Wan X, Chen L, Huang X, He F, Zhu P. Comparative Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Fragrance-Related Metabolite Formation in Phoebe zhennan Wood. Molecules 2023; 28:7047. [PMID: 37894523 PMCID: PMC10608883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanmu (Phoebe zhennan) has a unique fragrance and is a high-quality tree species for forest conservation. The types and contents of volatile compounds in different tissues of nanmu wood are different, and the study of its volatile metabolites can help us to understand the source of its fragrance and functions. In order to explore the metabolites related to the wood fragrance of nanmu and to find out the unique volatile substances in the heartwood, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to analyze the non-targeted metabolomics in five radial tissues from the sapwood to the heartwood of nanmu. A total of 53 volatile metabolites belonging to 11 classes were detected in all tissues, including terpenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, organoheterocyclics, phenols, esters, organic acids, alcohols, alkaloids, alkane, indoles derivatives, and others. And most of the volatile metabolites were identified for the first time in nanmu wood. Among them, terpenes and aromatic hydrocarbons were the main volatile components. In addition, 22 differential metabolites were screened from HW and SW, HW, and TZ via metabolomic analysis. Among these DAMs, three volatile metabolites (cadinene, a sesquiterpenoid; p-cymene, a monoterpenoid; 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene, an aromatic hydrocarbon) contributed heavily to the characteristic fragrance of the heartwood. Additionally, the expression of transcripts showed that the unigenes in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway were especially up-regulated in the SW. Therefore, we speculated that fragrance-related metabolites were synthesized in SW and then deposited in heartwood during sapwood transformed to heartwood. The expression levels of transcription factors (e.g., WRKY, C2H2, NAC) acted as the major regulatory factors in the synthesis of terpenoid. The results lay the foundations for further studies on the formation mechanism of fragrance components in nanmu wood and also provide a reference for the further development and utilization of nanmu wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Yang
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (F.W.); (W.A.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (F.H.)
| | - Fang Wang
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (F.W.); (W.A.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (F.H.)
| | - Wenna An
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (F.W.); (W.A.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (F.H.)
| | - Yunjie Gu
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland, Chengdu 610081, China; (M.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Yongze Jiang
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (F.W.); (W.A.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (F.H.)
| | - Hongying Guo
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.G.); (B.J.)
| | - Minhao Liu
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland, Chengdu 610081, China; (M.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Jian Peng
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland, Chengdu 610081, China; (M.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Bo Jiang
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.G.); (B.J.)
- Du Fu Thatched Cottage Museum, Chengdu 610001, China
| | - Xueqin Wan
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (F.W.); (W.A.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (F.H.)
| | - Lianghua Chen
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (F.W.); (W.A.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (F.H.)
| | - Xiong Huang
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (F.W.); (W.A.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (F.H.)
| | - Fang He
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (F.W.); (W.A.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (F.H.)
| | - Peng Zhu
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Y.); (F.W.); (W.A.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (F.H.)
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Pan F, Chen L, He L, Jiang Y, Qi J, Xiao H, Chen Y, Huang X, Hu H, Tu L, Lin T, Chen G, Hao J, Xiao Y, Xie J. Characterization of Ethyl Acetate and Trichloromethane Extracts from Phoebe zhennan Wood Residues and Application on the Preparation of UV Shielding Films. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051145. [PMID: 32143361 PMCID: PMC7179154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, ethyl acetate (EA) and trichloromethane (TR) extracts were extracted from Phoebezhennan wood residues and the extracts were then applied to the preparation of UV shielding films (UV-SF). The results revealed that substances including olefins, phenols and alcohols were found in both EA and TR extracts, accounting for about 45% of all the detected substances. The two extracts had similar thermal stability and both had strong UV shielding ability. When the relative percentage of the extract is 1 wt% in solution, the extract solution almost blocked 100% of the UV-B (280–315 nm), and UV-A (315–400 nm). Two kinds of UV-SF were successfully prepared by adding the two extracts into polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. The UV-SF with the addition of 24 wt% of the extractive blocked 100% of the UV-B (280–315 nm) and more than 80% of the UV-A (315–400 nm). Moreover, the UV shielding performance of the UV-SF was still stable even after strong UV irradiation. Though the addition of extracts could somewhat decrease the thermal stability of the film, its effect on the end-use of the film was ignorable. EA extracts had less effect on the tensile properties of the films than TR extracts as the content of the extract reached 18%. The results of this study could provide fundamental information on the potential utilization of the extracts from Phoebe zhennan wood residues on the preparation of biobased UV shielding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangya Pan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.P.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (H.H.); (L.T.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.P.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (H.H.); (L.T.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Lu He
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.P.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (H.H.); (L.T.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Yongze Jiang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.P.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (H.H.); (L.T.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jinqiu Qi
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.P.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (H.H.); (L.T.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.P.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (H.H.); (L.T.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Yuzhu Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.P.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (H.H.); (L.T.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Xingyan Huang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.P.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (H.H.); (L.T.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Hongling Hu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.P.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (H.H.); (L.T.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Lihua Tu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.P.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (H.H.); (L.T.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Tiantian Lin
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.P.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (H.H.); (L.T.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.P.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (H.H.); (L.T.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jianfeng Hao
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.P.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (H.H.); (L.T.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Yinlong Xiao
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Jiulong Xie
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.P.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.C.); (X.H.); (H.H.); (L.T.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-028-8629-1456
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