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Thapa BB, Huo C, Budhathoki R, Chaudhary P, Joshi S, Poudel PB, Magar RT, Parajuli N, Kim KH, Sohng JK. Metabolic Comparison and Molecular Networking of Antimicrobials in Streptomyces Species. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4193. [PMID: 38673777 PMCID: PMC11050201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces are well-known for producing bioactive secondary metabolites, with numerous antimicrobials essential to fight against infectious diseases. Globally, multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms significantly challenge human and veterinary diseases. To tackle this issue, there is an urgent need for alternative antimicrobials. In the search for potent agents, we have isolated four Streptomyces species PC1, BT1, BT2, and BT3 from soils collected from various geographical regions of the Himalayan country Nepal, which were then identified based on morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The relationship of soil microbes with different Streptomyces species has been shown in phylogenetic trees. Antimicrobial potency of isolates was carried out against Staphylococcus aureus American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 43300, Shigella sonnei ATCC 25931, Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Among them, Streptomyces species PC1 showed the highest zone of inhibition against tested pathogens. Furthermore, ethyl acetate extracts of shake flask fermentation of these Streptomyces strains were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis for their metabolic comparison and Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) web-based molecular networking. We found very similar metabolite composition in four strains, despite their geographical variation. In addition, we have identified thirty-seven metabolites using LC-MS/MS analysis, with the majority belonging to the diketopiperazine class. Among these, to the best of our knowledge, four metabolites, namely cyclo-(Ile-Ser), 2-n-hexyl-5-n-propylresorcinol, 3-[(6-methylpyrazin-2-yl) methyl]-1H-indole, and cyclo-(d-Leu-l-Trp), were detected for the first time in Streptomyces species. Besides these, other 23 metabolites including surfactin B, surfactin C, surfactin D, and valinomycin were identified with the help of GNPS-based molecular networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijaya Bahadur Thapa
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44618, Kathmandu, Nepal; (B.B.T.); (R.B.); (P.C.); (S.J.); (N.P.)
| | - Chen Huo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
| | - Rabin Budhathoki
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44618, Kathmandu, Nepal; (B.B.T.); (R.B.); (P.C.); (S.J.); (N.P.)
| | - Pratiksha Chaudhary
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44618, Kathmandu, Nepal; (B.B.T.); (R.B.); (P.C.); (S.J.); (N.P.)
| | - Soniya Joshi
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44618, Kathmandu, Nepal; (B.B.T.); (R.B.); (P.C.); (S.J.); (N.P.)
| | - Purna Bahadur Poudel
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; (P.B.P.); (R.T.M.)
| | - Rubin Thapa Magar
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; (P.B.P.); (R.T.M.)
| | - Niranjan Parajuli
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44618, Kathmandu, Nepal; (B.B.T.); (R.B.); (P.C.); (S.J.); (N.P.)
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; (P.B.P.); (R.T.M.)
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; (P.B.P.); (R.T.M.)
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Shi T, Wang H, Li YJ, Wang YF, Pan Q, Wang B, Shang EL. Genus Acrostalagmus: A Prolific Producer of Natural Products. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1191. [PMID: 37627256 PMCID: PMC10452555 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrostalagmus is known for its ability to produce numerous bioactive natural products, making it valuable in drug development. This review provides information on the sources, distribution, chemical structure types, biosynthesis, and biological activities of the compounds isolated from the genus Acrostalagmus in the family Plectosphaerellaceae from 1969 to 2022. The results show that 50% of the compounds isolated from Acrostalagmus are new natural products, and 82% of the natural products derived from this genus are from the marine Acrostalagmus. The compounds isolated from Acrostalagmus exhibit diverse structures, with alkaloids being of particular importance, accounting for 56% of the natural products derived from this genus. Furthermore, within the alkaloid class, 61% belong to the epipolythiodioxopiperazine family, highlighting the significance of epipolythiodioxopiperazine as a key characteristic structure within Acrostalagmus. Seventy-two percent of natural products derived from Acrostalagmus display bioactivities, with 50% of the bioactive compounds exhibiting more significant or comparable activities than their positive controls. Interestingly, 89% of potent active compounds are derived from marine fungi, demonstrating their promising potential for development. These findings underscore Acrostalagmus, particularly the marine-derived genus Acrostalagmusas, a valuable source of new bioactive secondary metabolites, and emphasize the vast resource importance of the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shi
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (T.S.); (H.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.W.); (Q.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (T.S.); (H.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.W.); (Q.P.)
| | - Yan-Jing Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (T.S.); (H.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.W.); (Q.P.)
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (T.S.); (H.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.W.); (Q.P.)
| | - Qun Pan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (T.S.); (H.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.W.); (Q.P.)
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (T.S.); (H.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.W.); (Q.P.)
| | - Er-Lei Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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The Diversity of Deep-Sea Actinobacteria and Their Natural Products: An Epitome of Curiosity and Drug Discovery. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d15010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioprospecting of novel antibiotics has been the conventional norm of research fostered by researchers worldwide to combat drug resistance. With the exhaustion of incessant leads, the search for new chemical entities moves into uncharted territories such as the deep sea. The deep sea is a furthermost ecosystem with much untapped biodiversity thriving under extreme conditions. Accordingly, it also encompasses a vast pool of ancient natural products. Actinobacteria are frequently regarded as the bacteria of research interest due to their inherent antibiotic-producing capabilities. These interesting groups of bacteria occupy diverse ecological habitats including a multitude of different deep-sea habitats. In this review, we provide a recent update on the novel species and compounds of actinomycetes from the deep-sea environments within a period of 2016–2022. Within this period, a total of 24 new species of actinomycetes were discovered and characterized as well as 101 new compounds of various biological activities. The microbial communities of various deep-sea ecosystems are the emerging frontiers of bioprospecting.
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Numan M, Shah M, Asaf S, Ur Rehman N, Al-Harrasi A. Bioactive Compounds from Endophytic Bacteria Bacillus subtilis Strain EP1 with Their Antibacterial Activities. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121228. [PMID: 36557265 PMCID: PMC9788538 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria boost host plant defense and growth by producing vital compounds. In the current study, a bacterial strain was isolated from the Boswellia sacra plant and identified as Bacillus subtilis strain EP1 (accession number: MT256301) through 16S RNA gene sequencing. From the identified bacteria, four compounds-1 (4-(4-cinnamoyloxy)phenyl)butanoic acid), 2 (cyclo-(L-Pro-D-Tyr)), 3 (cyclo-(L-Val-L-Phe)), and 4 (cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Val))-were isolated and characterized by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy. Moreover, antibacterial activity and beta-lactam-producing gene inhibition (δ-(l-α-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine synthetase (ACVS) and aminoadipate aminotransferase (AADAT)) assays were performed. Significant antibacterial activity was observed against the human pathogenic bacterial strains (E. coli) by compound 4 with a 13 ± 0.7 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI), followed by compound 1 having an 11 ± 0.7 mm ZOI. In contrast, the least antibacterial activity among the tested samples was offered by compound 2 with a 10 ± 0.9 mm ZOI compared to the standard (26 ± 1.2 mm). Similarly, the molecular analysis of beta-lactam inhibition determined that compounds 3 and 4 inhibited the two genes (2- to 4-fold) in the beta-lactam biosynthesis (ACVS and AADAT) pathway. From these results, it can be concluded that future research on these compounds could lead to the inhibition of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Numan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Correspondence: (N.U.R.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Correspondence: (N.U.R.); (A.A.-H.)
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Bojarska J, Mieczkowski A, Ziora ZM, Skwarczynski M, Toth I, Shalash AO, Parang K, El-Mowafi SA, Mohammed EHM, Elnagdy S, AlKhazindar M, Wolf WM. Cyclic Dipeptides: The Biological and Structural Landscape with Special Focus on the Anti-Cancer Proline-Based Scaffold. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1515. [PMID: 34680148 PMCID: PMC8533947 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides, also know as diketopiperazines (DKP), the simplest cyclic forms of peptides widespread in nature, are unsurpassed in their structural and bio-functional diversity. DKPs, especially those containing proline, due to their unique features such as, inter alia, extra-rigid conformation, high resistance to enzyme degradation, increased cell permeability, and expandable ability to bind a diverse of targets with better affinity, have emerged in the last years as biologically pre-validated platforms for the drug discovery. Recent advances have revealed their enormous potential in the development of next-generation theranostics, smart delivery systems, and biomaterials. Here, we present an updated review on the biological and structural profile of these appealing biomolecules, with a particular emphasis on those with anticancer properties, since cancers are the main cause of death all over the world. Additionally, we provide a consideration on supramolecular structuring and synthons, based on the proline-based DKP privileged scaffold, for inspiration in the design of compound libraries in search of ideal ligands, innovative self-assembled nanomaterials, and bio-functional architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bojarska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.M.Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
| | - Istvan Toth
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.M.Z.); (I.T.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ahmed O. Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Shaima A. El-Mowafi
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Eman H. M. Mohammed
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Sherif Elnagdy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Maha AlKhazindar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Wojciech M. Wolf
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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Li DD, Wang Y, Kim EL, Hong J, Jung JH. Neuroprotective Effect of Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) Isolated from the Jellyfish-Derived Fungus Aspergillus flavus. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080417. [PMID: 34436256 PMCID: PMC8401322 DOI: 10.3390/md19080417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) expression has been implicated in pathological states such as cancer, inflammation, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. We isolated natural PPAR agonists—eight 2,5-diketopiperazines—from the jellyfish-derived fungus Aspergillus flavus. Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) was the most potent PPAR-γ activator among the eight 2,5-DKPs identified. Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) activated PPAR-γ in Ac2F rat liver cells and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The neuroprotective effect of this partial PPAR-γ agonist was examined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, lactate dehydrogenase release, and the Hoechst 33342 staining assay in SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings revealed that cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species. Rhodamine 123 staining and western blotting revealed that cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited the activation of mitochondria-related apoptotic proteins, such as caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Moreover, cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) inhibited the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B. Thus, the partial PPAR-γ agonist cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) demonstrated potential neuroprotective activity against oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-dan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (D.-d.L.); (Y.W.); (E.L.K.)
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (D.-d.L.); (Y.W.); (E.L.K.)
| | - Eun La Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (D.-d.L.); (Y.W.); (E.L.K.)
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Jee H. Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (D.-d.L.); (Y.W.); (E.L.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Dai LP, Li W, Wang HX, Lu CH. Three new polyketides from vasR2 gene over-expressed mutant strain of Verrucosispora sp. NS0172. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:536-539. [PMID: 34247777 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Over-expression of the pathway specific positive regulator gene is an effective way to activate silent gene cluster. In the curret study, the SARP family regulatory gene, vasR2, was over-expressed in strain Verrucosispora sp. NS0172 and the cryptic gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of pentaketide ansamycin was partially activated. Two tetraketides (1 and 2) and a triketide (3) ansamycins, together with five known compounds (4-8), were isolated and elucidated from strain NS0172OEvasR2. Their NMR data were completely assigned by analysis of their HR-ESI-MS and 1H, 13C NMR, HMQC, HMBC and 1H-1H COSY spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Dai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hao-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Chun-Hua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Yang C, Qian R, Xu Y, Yi J, Gu Y, Liu X, Yu H, Jiao B, Lu X, Zhang W. Marine Actinomycetes-derived Natural Products. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 19:2868-2918. [PMID: 31724505 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191114102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Actinomycetes is an abundant resource for discovering a large number of lead compounds, which play an important role in microbial drug discovery. Compared to terrestrial microorganisms, marine actinomycetes have unique metabolic pathways because of their special living environment, which has the potential to produce a variety of bioactive substances. In this paper, secondary metabolites isolated from marine actinomycetes are reviewed (2013-2018), most of which exhibited cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antiviral biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfang Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Qian
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxi Yi
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Gu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haobing Yu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binghua Jiao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Li Y, Li Y, Zou Z, Li Y, Xie H, Yang H. Yin Yang Gong Ji pill is an ancient formula with antitumor activity against hepatoma cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112267. [PMID: 31586691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yin Yang Gong Ji pill (YYGJ) is a formula that was used in the Ming Dynasty. This study investigated the effects of YYGJ on HepG2 and MHCC97H hepatoma cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effects of YYGJ drug-containing rat serum (YYGJ serum) on cell proliferation and the cell cycle were investigated by a tetrazolium dye-based MTS assay and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was assayed by TUNEL and flow cytometry. E-cadherin, vimentin, c-Myc, Smad4, and MMP2 expression were assayed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot assays. The effects on cell invasiveness and migration were evaluated by wound healing and transwell assays. The antitumor activity of 10% YYGJ serum was compared to that of blank control, 10% rat serum control and 5-fluorouracil(FU). RESULTS HepG2 and MHCC97H cell proliferation was inhibited by YYGJ serum in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Cells accumulated in G0/G1 and apoptosis was increased in both cell lines by 10% YYGJ serum. The effects of apoptosis in 10% YYGJ serum were weaker than those in response to 5-FU. E-cadherin and Smad4 expression were upregulated by 10% YYGJ serum, but c-Myc, vimentin and MMP2 expression were downregulated in both hepatoma cell lines. The protein expression of Smad4 in HepG2, and mRNA expression of MMP2 and E-cadherin in both cell lines had no difference between 10% YYGJ serum and 5-FU treated groups. Cell invasion and migration were decreased by 10%YYGJ serum while cell cytotoxicity was shown in 5-FU treated group. CONCLUSIONS YYGJ drug-containing serum inhibited HepG2 and MHCC97H cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and regulated the expression of tumor-related genes and proteins. It reduced tumor cell invasion and migration. Further study to investigate the antitumor activity of YYGJ is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zengcheng Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Heping Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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