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Yilmaz U, Coşkun AG, Özel Y, Ünlü M, Vardar-Ünlü G. Synergistic interactions of essential oil components with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Corynebacterium striatum. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae090. [PMID: 38587823 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM In this study, it was aimed to examine the antibacterial activity of the essential oil components (EOCs), carvacrol (CAR), cinnamaldehyde (CIN), thymol (TH), alpha pinene (α-PN), eucalyptol (EU), limonene (LIM), and the antibiotics, linezolid (LZD), vancomycin (VAN), gentamicin (GEN), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clindamycin (CLN), and penicillin (PEN) against 50 multidrug resistant Corynebacterium striatum strains, and the synergistic interactions of CAR and CIN with the antibiotics against 10 randomly selected Coryne. striatum strains to explore synergistic interactions to determine if their combined use could enhance antibiotic activity and potentially reduce resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS The activity of the EOCs and the antibiotics against Coryne. striatum strains isolated from clinical specimens, was examined by broth microdilution method. The synergistic interactions of the EOCs with the antibiotics against 10 randomly selected Coryne. striatum strains were determined by checkerboard method. EOCs, CIN, and CAR and antibiotics, LZD, VAN, GEN, CIP, and CLN were detected to have antibacterial activity against Coryne. striatum strains alone and either synergistic interactions were observed in combinations of the antibiotics with EOCs. CONCLUSIONS All Coryne. striatum strains were determined to be susceptible to VAN and LZD and resistant to GEN, PEN, CIP, and CLN. Synergistic interactions were observed in all combinations of antibiotics tested with CAR and CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Yilmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Gökhan Coşkun
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Uludağ University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Yener Özel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Ünlü
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Türkiye
| | - Gülhan Vardar-Ünlü
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Türkiye
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Quirino A, Giorgi V, Palma E, Marascio N, Morelli P, Maletta A, Divenuto F, De Angelis G, Tancrè V, Nucera S, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Mollace V, Liberto MC, Matera G. Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030361. [PMID: 35326824 PMCID: PMC8944555 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics has increased selective pressure and the spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which reduces the possibility of effective treatment. A potential alternative therapeutic approach may be represented by essential oils, such as the distilled extract of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau). Such natural products exercise numerous biological activities, including antimicrobial effects. Methods: This work aimed to evaluate the kinetics of the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of the distilled extract of bergamot on MDR bacteria and fungi from clinical specimens using the time-kill assay. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the distilled extract of bergamot on the morphology and cellular organization of clinical pathogens was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results: Our results demonstrated that the distilled extract of bergamot exhibited significant antimicrobial activity and a specific bactericidal effect against the bacterial and fungal strains tested. Furthermore, confocal microscope images clearly showed compromised membrane integrity, damage and cell death in bacterial samples treated with the distilled extract of bergamot. In addition, progressive alterations in cell-wall composition, cytoplasmic material and nucleus structure triggered by exposure to the distilled extract of bergamot were identified in the fungal samples considered. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the use of essential oils, such as distilled extract of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau), can represent a valid alternative therapeutic strategy to counteract antibiotic resistance of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Quirino
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Valeria Giorgi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.P.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Nadia Marascio
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Paola Morelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Angelo Maletta
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Francesca Divenuto
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe De Angelis
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Valentina Tancrè
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.P.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.P.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.P.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.P.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.P.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Carla Liberto
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Matera
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
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Li XY, Hao YF, Hao ZX, Jiang JG, Liu Q, Shen Q, Liu L, Yi YK, Shen CY. Inhibitory effect of chloroform extracts from Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. on fat accumulation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153634. [PMID: 34225246 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess lipid accumulation can accelerate the development of various metabolic diseases. Blossoms of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. (CAVA) have been reported to possess inhibitory capacities on lipid deposition. However, the constituents responsible for the observed bioactivity and the underlying mechanisms are still not clearly understood. PURPOSE To screen constituents from blossoms of CAVA with inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation and to explore the action mechanism. METHODS The chloroform (CHL) extracts are prepared from blossoms of CAVA by fractional extraction and are characterized using LC-MS assay. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes are induced with differentiation medium (DMI) and treated with CHL extracts. High fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice are further established and administrated with CHL extracts for 12 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Oil Red O staining, ELISA, RT-qPCR, western blot and 16S rRNA gene sequence methods are employed. RESULTS 14 compounds are identified in CHL extracts and trigonelline hydrochloride, nobiletin and 7-demethylsuberosin are most abundant. CHL extracts treatment significantly inhibit differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by regulating expression of preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα). CHL extracts intervention also significantly attenuate features of obesity and improved plasma biochemical profiles in HFD-fed mice. HFD-triggered hepatic steatosis and epididymal adipose tissues (EATs) hypertrophy are also reversed by CHL extracts administration through enhancing antioxidant responses and modulating lipogenesis and energy expenditure-related genes and proteins. 16S rRNA gene sequence data further show that CHL extracts enhance the diversity of gut microbiota. CHL extracts at lower concentrations reduce the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae. CHL extracts at higher doses markedly increase the abundance of Lachnospiraceae. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that CHL extracts probably suppress lipid accumulation through inhibiting differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and attenuating metabolic syndromes in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yun-Fang Hao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhan-Xi Hao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qun Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan-Kui Yi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chun-Yan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Leaf ethanolic extract of Etlingera hemesphaerica Blume alters mercuric chloride teratogenicity during the post-implantation period in Mus musculus. Toxicol Res 2019; 36:131-138. [PMID: 32257925 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-019-00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of leaf ethanolic extract of Etlingera hemisphaerica (LE3H) against the teratogenic effects of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) in mice (Mus musculus). Pregnant M. musculus were divided into four groups, each consisting of 10 dams, and received drink and food ad libitum. The first, second, and third, and fourth (control) groups were administered with LE3H, HgCl2, HgCl2 + LE3H, and double-distilled water alone, respectively. HgCl2 (5 mg/kg bw) was administered by injection on gestation day (GD) 9, and LE3H (0.39 mg/g bw) was administered by gavage on GD 10. Treated and control animals were killed by cervical dislocation on GD 18, dissected, and the fetuses were collected for evaluation of maternal, embryonic, and fetal toxicity. Eight parameters were measured: (a) embryo resorption or resorbed embryo, (b) dead fetus, (c) living fetus, (d) morphologically normal living fetus, (e) malformed living fetus, (f) number of MLF, (g) length of MNLF, and (h) weight of MNLF. LE3H caused 4 (50.00%), whereas HgCl2 resulted in 7 (87.50%) parameters that were significantly different from those of the control, indicating that the teratogenicity of HgCl2 was significantly higher than that of LE3H. HgCl2 + LE3H showed two effects of LE3H on the teratogenicity of HgCl2: increased 2 (25.00%), and decreased 6 (75.00%). Thus, LE3H decreased the teratogenic effects of HgCl2 in M. musculus.
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