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Chen GQ, Guo HY, Quan ZS, Shen QK, Li X, Luan T. Natural Products-Pyrazine Hybrids: A Review of Developments in Medicinal Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 28:7440. [PMID: 37959859 PMCID: PMC10649211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazine is a six-membered heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen, and many of its derivatives are biologically active compounds. References have been downloaded through Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, and SciFinder Scholar. The structure, biological activity, and mechanism of natural product derivatives containing pyrazine fragments reported from 2000 to September 2023 were reviewed. Publications reporting only the chemistry of pyrazine derivatives are beyond the scope of this review and have not been included. The results of research work show that pyrazine-modified natural product derivatives have a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antioxidant activities. Many of these derivatives exhibit stronger pharmacodynamic activity and less toxicity than their parent compounds. This review has a certain reference value for the development of heterocyclic compounds, especially pyrazine natural product derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (G.-Q.C.); (H.-Y.G.); (Z.-S.Q.); (Q.-K.S.)
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (G.-Q.C.); (H.-Y.G.); (Z.-S.Q.); (Q.-K.S.)
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (G.-Q.C.); (H.-Y.G.); (Z.-S.Q.); (Q.-K.S.)
| | - Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (G.-Q.C.); (H.-Y.G.); (Z.-S.Q.); (Q.-K.S.)
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (G.-Q.C.); (H.-Y.G.); (Z.-S.Q.); (Q.-K.S.)
| | - Tian Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
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Trivedi VL, Soni R, Dhyani P, Sati P, Tejada S, Sureda A, Setzer WN, Faizal Abdull Razis A, Modu B, Butnariu M, Sharifi-Rad J. Anti-cancer properties of boswellic acids: mechanism of action as anti-cancerous agent. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1187181. [PMID: 37601048 PMCID: PMC10434769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1187181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of highly effective plant-based medications with few or no side effects, the use of phytomedicines against complex diseases such as cancer is becoming more widespread. The broadly recognized pentacyclic triterpenes known as boswellic acids (BAs) are derived from the oleogum resin, or frankincense, extracted from the plant species of the genus Boswellia. The frankincense mixture contains various BA types, each having a different potential and helping treat certain cancers. This review focuses on details regarding the traits of the BAs, their roles as anti-cancer agents, the mechanism underlying their activities, and the function of their semi-synthetic derivatives in managing and treating certain cancers. The review also explores the biological sources of BAs, how they are conserved, and how biotechnology might help preserve and improve in vitro BA production. The review concludes that the BAs and their semi-synthetic derivatives are effective against a broad spectrum of cancer cell lines. The detailed information in the review can be helpful for researchers to gain more information about BAs and BA-based medications for efficient and cost-effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Laxmi Trivedi
- High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre (HAPPRC), HNB. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ruchi Soni
- Regional Centre for Organic and Natural Farming, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen Dhyani
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, University of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Priyanka Sati
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands—IUNICS, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, Lehi, UT, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Babagana Modu
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Monica Butnariu
- University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” From Timisoara, Timis, Romania
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Hou W, Dai W, Huang H, Liu SL, Liu J, Huang LJ, Huang XH, Zeng JL, Gan ZW, Zhang ZY, Lan JX. Pharmacological activity and mechanism of pyrazines. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115544. [PMID: 37300915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterocycles are common in the structure of drugs used clinically to deal with diseases. Such drugs usually contain nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, which possess electron-accepting capacity and can form hydrogen bonds. These properties often bring enhanced target binding ability to these compounds when compared to alkanes. Pyrazine is a nitrogen-containing six-membered heterocyclic ring and many of its derivatives are identified as bioactive molecules. We review here the most active pyrazine compounds in terms of their structure, activity in vitro and in vivo (mainly antitumor activity) and the reported mechanisms of action. References have been downloaded through Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and SciFinder Scholar. Publications reporting only the chemistry of pyrazine derivatives are beyond the scope of this review and have not been included. We found that compounds in which a pyrazine ring was fused into other heterocycles especially pyrrole or imidazole were the highly studied pyrazine derivatives, whose antineoplastic activity had been widely investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review of pyrazine derivatives and their bioactivity, especially their antitumor activity. This review should be useful for those engaged in development of medications based on heterocyclic compounds especially those based on pyrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Sheng-Lan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Le-Jun Huang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Xian-Hua Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jun-Lin Zeng
- HuanKui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wei Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jin-Xia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China.
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4
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Triazole-tethered boswellic acid derivatives against breast cancer: synthesis, in vitro, and in-silico studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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5
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Evaluation of the Anti-Atopic Dermatitis Effects of α-Boswellic Acid on Tnf-α/Ifn-γ-Stimulated HaCat Cells and DNCB-Induced BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179863. [PMID: 36077254 PMCID: PMC9456567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Boswellic acids, triterpenoids derived from the genus Boswellia (Burseraceae), are known for their anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor efficacy. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory skin disease. However, the effects of α-boswellic acid on atopic dermatitis have not been studied. Therefore, in this study we examined the expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, histopathological analysis, and physiological data from BALB/c mice with atopic-like dermatitis induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells to better understand the agent’s anti-atopic dermatitis efficacy. First, we found that α-boswellic reduced the epidermal thickening, mast cell numbers, and dermal infiltration of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic-like dermatitis in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, we also found that α-boswellic acid can restore transepidermal water loss and skin reddening in mice. In human keratinocytes inflamed by TNF-α/IFN-γ, α-boswellic acid inhibited MAP kinase activation and showed a reduction in NF-κB nuclear translocation. Finally, α-boswellic acid can reduce the expression level of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) following the stimulation of TNF-α/IFN-γ in HaCaT cells. Taken together, our study suggests that α-boswellic acids are a potential component for the development of anti-atopic dermatitis drugs.
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Li C, He Q, Xu Y, Lou H, Fan P. Synthesis of 3- O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic Acid (AKBA)-Derived Amides and Their Mitochondria-Targeted Antitumor Activities. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:9853-9866. [PMID: 35350335 PMCID: PMC8945107 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a series of amide and mitochondria-targeted derivatives with 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) as the parent structure and an ethylenediamine moiety as the link chain. Compound 5e, a mitochondrial-targeting potential derivative, showed significantly stronger antitumor activity than that of AKBA, and it could induce vacuolization of A549 cells and stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could inhibit the ROS level but could not suppress vacuolization and cell death induced by 5e. Further studies demonstrated that 5e caused abnormal opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential; additionally, it caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 but did not induce apoptosis. 5e represented a compound with improved antiproliferative effects for cancer therapy working through new mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Li
- Department
of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of
Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qiaobian He
- Department
of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of
Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Xu
- Shandong
Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department
of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of
Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Peihong Fan
- Department
of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of
Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
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7
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Hussain H, Rashan L, Hassan U, Abbas M, Hakkim FL, Green IR. Frankincense diterpenes as a bio-source for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:513-529. [PMID: 35243948 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2044782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frankincense (Boswellia sp.) gum resins have been employed as an incense in cultural and religious ceremonies for many years. Frankincense resin has over the years been employed to treat depression, inflammation, and cancer in traditional medicines. AREAS COVERED This inclusive review focuses on the significance of frankincense diterpenoids, and in particular, incensole derivatives for establishment future treatments of depression, neurological disorders, and cancer. The authors survey the available literature and furnish an overview of future perspectives of these intriguing molecules. EXPERT OPINION Numerous diterpenoids including cembrane, prenylaromadendrane, and the verticillane-type have been isolated from various Boswellia resins. Cembrane-type diterpenoids occupy a crucial position in pharmaceutical chemistry and related industries because of their intriguing biological and encouraging pharmacological potentials. Several cembranes have been reported to possess anti-Alzheimer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antimalarial effects along with a good possibility to treat anxiety and depression. Although some slight drawbacks of these compounds have been noted, including the selectivity of these diterpenoids, there is a great need to address these in future research endeavors. Moreover, it is vitally important for medicinal chemists to prepare libraries of incensole-heterocyclic analogs as well as hybrid compounds between incensole or its acetate and anti-depressant or anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Luay Rashan
- Medicinal Plants Division, Research Center, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
| | - Uzma Hassan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muzaffar Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ivan R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Ayub MA, Hanif MA, Blanchfield J, Zubair M, Abid MA, Saleh MT. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Boswellia serrata oleo-gum-resin essential oil extracted by superheated steam. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-6. [PMID: 35200079 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2044327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oleo-gum-resin is a complex mixture of essential oils, polysaccharides, and resin acids. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the variation in chemical components and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted by superheated steam at various temperatures. The optimum essential oil yield was obtained at the highest superheated steam temperature (210 °C). In total, twenty-one compounds were quantified by GC-MS with α-pinene as the major compound, followed by α-thujene, trans-verbenol, β-thujone, p-cymene, m-cymene, and sabinene. Antimicrobial activity was performed by disc diffusion, resazurin microtitre-plate and micro-dilution broth susceptibility assays in which essential oil extracted at 150 °C and 180 °C revealed the highest antibacterial and antifungal activity, respectively. It is concluded that superheated steam is an effective method for the isolation of essential oil from oleo-gum-resin that improves the recovery of essential oil as well as antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Pakistan.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Muhammad Asif Hanif
- Nano and Biomaterials Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Joanne Blanchfield
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Gujrat City, Pakistan
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Wang JJ, Suo XY, Sun HR, Wang X, Lin MB, Wang JH, Jiang JD, Ji TF. Prenylaromadendrane-type diterpenoids from the gum resin of Boswellia sacra flueck and their cytotoxic effects. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5400-5406. [PMID: 34121549 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1939331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new prenylaromadendrane-type diterpenoids, and three known analogues, were isolated from the ethanol extract of the gum resin of B. sacra Flueck. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using 1 D and 2 D NMR spectroscopic analyses, mass spectrometric data, circular dichroism spectra, and comparison with the other compounds in the literature. One diterpenoid represents the first example of an acetoxyl-substituted prenylaromadendranoid in frankincense. All compounds exhibited notable cytotoxicity against human malignant glioma (U87-MG) cell line, with inhibitory rates exceeding that of the positive control 5-fluorouracil. However, nitric oxide inhibition induced by lipopolysaccarides was not observed in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Bao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng-Fei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Hussain H, Ali I, Wang D, Hakkim FL, Westermann B, Rashan L, Ahmed I, Green IR. Boswellic acids: privileged structures to develop lead compounds for anticancer drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:851-867. [PMID: 33650441 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1892640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer has been identified to be the second major cause of death internationally as exemplified by ca. 9.6 million deaths in 2018 along with ca. 18 million new patients in 2018 that have been recorded. Natural boswellic acids (BAs) and their source, frankincense, have been reported to possess in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects toward various cancer cells.Areas covered: This comprehensive review focuses on the importance of boswellic acids (BAs) for the establishment of future treatments of cancer. Moreover, potent semisynthetic derivatives of BAs have been described along with their mode of action. In addition, important structural features of the semisynthetic BAs required for cytotoxic effects are also discussed.Expert opinion: Numerous semisynthetic BAs illustrate excellent cytotoxic effects. Of note, compounds bearing cyanoenone moieties in ring A, endoperoxides and hybrids display increased and more potent cytotoxic effects compared with other semisynthetic BAs. Moreover, BAs have the potential to conjugate or couple with other anticancer compounds to synergistically increase their combined anticancer effects. In addition, to get derived BAs to become lead anticancer compounds, future research should focus on the preparation of ring A cyanoenones, endoperoxides, and C-24 amide analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg, Germany
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Daijie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Faruck L Hakkim
- Department of Urology Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota (Twin Cities), Minneapolis, USA
| | - Bernhard Westermann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg, Germany
| | - Luay Rashan
- Medicinal Plants Division, Research Center, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ivan R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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11
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Karra AG, Tziortziou M, Kylindri P, Georgatza D, Gorgogietas VA, Makiou A, Krokida A, Tsialtas I, Kalousi FD, Papadopoulos GE, Papadopoulou KΚ, Psarra AMG. Boswellic acids and their derivatives as potent regulators of glucocorticoid receptor actions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 695:108656. [PMID: 33127380 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GCs) hormones exert their actions via their cognate steroid receptors the Glucocorticoid Receptors (GR), by genomic or non-genomic mechanisms of actions. GCs regulate many cellular functions among them growth, metabolism, immune response and apoptosis. Due to their cell type specific induction of apoptosis GCs are used for the treatment of certain type of cancer. In addition, due to their anti-inflammatory actions, GCs are among the most highly prescribed drug to treat chronic inflammatory disorders, albeit to the many adverse side effects arising by their long term and high doses use. Thus, there is a high need for selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist - modulators (SEGRA- SGRMs) as effective as classic GCs, but with a reduced side effect profile. Boswellic acids (BAs) are triterpenes that show structural similarities with GCs and exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. In this study we examined whether BA alpha and beta and certain BAs derivatives exert their actions, at least in part, through the regulation of GR activities. Applying docking analysis we found that BAs can bind stably into the deacylcortivazol (DAC) accommodation pocket of GR. Moreover we showed that certain boswellic acids derivatives induce glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation, no activation of GRE dependent luciferase gene expression, and suppression of the TNF-α induced NF-κB transcriptional activation in GR positive HeLa and HEK293 cells, but not in low GR level COS-7 cells. Furthermore, certain boswellic acids compounds exert antagonistic effect on the DEX-induced GR transcriptional activation and induce cell type specific mitochondrial dependent apoptosis. Our results indicate that certain BAs are potent selective glucocorticoid receptor regulators and could have great potential for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini G Karra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Tziortziou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Kylindri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitra Georgatza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vyron A Gorgogietas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anthi Makiou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Afroditi Krokida
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsialtas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Foteini D Kalousi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | | | - Anna-Maria G Psarra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
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