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Morone MV, Chianese A, Dell’Annunziata F, Folliero V, Lamparelli EP, Della Porta G, Zannella C, De Filippis A, Franci G, Galdiero M, Morone A. Ligand-Free Silver Nanoparticles: An Innovative Strategy against Viruses and Bacteria. Microorganisms 2024; 12:820. [PMID: 38674764 PMCID: PMC11052337 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the rise of emerging and re-emerging viruses in recent years constitute significant public health problems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new antimicrobial strategies to overcome these challenges. Herein, we describe an innovative method to synthesize ligand-free silver nanoparticles by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL-AgNPs). Thus produced, nanoparticles were characterized by total X-ray fluorescence, zeta potential analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the nanoparticles' cytotoxicity. Their potential was evaluated against the enveloped herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and the naked poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) by plaque reduction assays and confirmed by real-time PCR and fluorescence microscopy, showing that nanoparticles interfered with the early stage of infection. Their action was also examined against different bacteria. We observed that the PLAL-AgNPs exerted a strong effect against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). In detail, the PLAL-AgNPs exhibited a bacteriostatic action against S. aureus and a bactericidal activity against E. coli. Finally, we proved that the PLAL-AgNPs were able to inhibit/degrade the biofilm of S. aureus and E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Morone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.V.M.); (A.C.); (F.D.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.V.M.); (A.C.); (F.D.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Federica Dell’Annunziata
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.V.M.); (A.C.); (F.D.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.F.); (E.P.L.); (G.D.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Erwin Pavel Lamparelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.F.); (E.P.L.); (G.D.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.F.); (E.P.L.); (G.D.P.); (G.F.)
- Interdepartment Centre BIONAM, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo I, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.V.M.); (A.C.); (F.D.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.V.M.); (A.C.); (F.D.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.F.); (E.P.L.); (G.D.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.V.M.); (A.C.); (F.D.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Antonio Morone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Instituto di Struttura della Materia U.O. di Tito Scalo, 85050 Potenza, Italy
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Ethnopharmacological Potential of Phytochemicals and Phytogenic Products against Human RNA Viral Diseases as Preventive Therapeutics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:1977602. [PMID: 36860811 PMCID: PMC9970710 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1977602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
RNA viruses have been the most destructive due to their transmissibility and lack of control measures. Developments of vaccines for RNA viruses are very tough or almost impossible as viruses are highly mutable. For the last few decades, most of the epidemic and pandemic viral diseases have wreaked huge devastation with innumerable fatalities. To combat this threat to mankind, plant-derived novel antiviral products may contribute as reliable alternatives. They are assumed to be nontoxic, less hazardous, and safe compounds that have been in uses in the beginning of human civilization. In this growing COVID-19 pandemic, the present review amalgamates and depicts the role of various plant products in curing viral diseases in humans.
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The Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Potential of the Amphibian Peptide AR-23. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020883. [PMID: 35055066 PMCID: PMC8779559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections represent a serious threat to the world population and are becoming more frequent. The search and identification of broad-spectrum antiviral molecules is necessary to ensure new therapeutic options, since there is a limited availability of effective antiviral drugs able to eradicate viral infections, and consequently due to the increase of strains that are resistant to the most used drugs. Recently, several studies on antimicrobial peptides identified them as promising antiviral agents. In detail, amphibian skin secretions serve as a rich source of natural antimicrobial peptides. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities have been widely reported, but their exploitation as potential antiviral agents have yet to be fully investigated. In the present study, the antiviral activity of the peptide derived from the secretion of Rana tagoi, named AR-23, was evaluated against both DNA and RNA viruses, with or without envelope. Different assays were performed to identify in which step of the infectious cycle the peptide could act. AR-23 exhibited a greater inhibitory activity in the early stages of infection against both DNA (HSV-1) and RNA (MeV, HPIV-2, HCoV-229E, and SARS-CoV-2) enveloped viruses and, on the contrary, it was inactive against naked viruses (PV-1). Altogether, the results indicated AR-23 as a peptide with potential therapeutic effects against a wide variety of human viruses.
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Hu X, Chen T, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Li C, Wang X. Antitumour effect of odoroside A and its derivative on human leukaemia cells through the ROS/JNK pathway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 130:56-69. [PMID: 34634178 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oleandrigenin-3-O-β-D-diginoside (a derivative of odoroside A), isolated and purified by our group, has seldom been explored for its pharmacological activity. This study aimed at clarifying the mechanisms towards the leukaemia-suppressive role of odoroside A (compound #1) and its derivative, oleandrigenin-3-O-β-D-diginoside (compound #2) isolated from Nerium oleander. Viability and nuclear morphology change were assessed by CCK-8 assay and fluorescence microscope, respectively. Then, the cell apoptosis and autophagy induced by the compounds were detected by flow cytometry and Western blot. Xenograft model of nude mice was also applied to measure the leukaemia-suppressive effects of compound #2 in vivo. The result displayed that compound #1 and compound #2 inhibited the proliferation of HL60 and K562 cells and stronger effects were found in HL60 than K562 cells. Both of the compounds induced a dose-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in HL60 cells, where compound #2 was more potent than compound #1. Compound #2 also demonstrated a time-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in HL60 cells. Furthermore, ROS generation and JNK phosphorylation occurred in a dose-dependent manner in the cells treated with compound #2. Mitochondria also played critical role, proved by the decrease of Bcl-2, the release of cyto c to cytosol and the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Moreover, the antitumour effects of compound #2 were validated in the nude mouse xenograft model in vivo. Odoroside A and its derivative inhibited the growth of leukaemia by inducing apoptosis and autophagy through the activation of ROS/JNK pathway. These results suggest that the compounds can serve as potential antitumour agents against leukaemia, especially acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Tie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuquan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Newman RA, Sastry KJ, Arav-Boger R, Cai H, Matos R, Harrod R. Antiviral Effects of Oleandrin. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:503-515. [PMID: 33262663 PMCID: PMC7686471 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s273120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, investigators have reported on the utility and safety of cardiac glycosides for numerous health benefits including those as treatments for malignant disease, stroke-mediated ischemic injury and certain neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to those, there is a growing body of evidence for novel antiviral effects of selected cardiac glycoside molecules. One unique cardiac glycoside, oleandrin derived from Nerium oleander, has been reported to have antiviral activity specifically against 'enveloped' viruses including HIV and HTLV-1. Importantly, a recent publication has presented in vitro evidence for oleandrin's ability to inhibit production of infectious virus particles when used for treatment prior to, as well as after infection by SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. This review will highlight the known in vitro antiviral effects of oleandrin as well as present previously unpublished effects of this novel cardiac glycoside against Ebola virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Newman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Phoenix Biotechnology, Inc, San Antonio, TX 78217, USA
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Departments of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ravit Arav-Boger
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hongyi Cai
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Robert Harrod
- Department of Biological Sciences, the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
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Rauf A, Bawazeer S, Naseer M, Alhumaydhi FA, Aljohani ASM, Habib A, Khan R, Jehan U, Qureshi MN, Khan M, Farooq U, Kassenov A, Shariati MA. In vitro α-glycosidase and urease enzyme inhibition profile of some selected medicinal plants of Pakistan. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:5434-5439. [PMID: 32538679 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1779264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The current study aims at exploring enzyme inhibition of four species of medicinal herbs, namely Senna bicapsularis, Thevetia peruviana, Nerium oleander and Vinca major. Plant selection was done on the basis of their therapeutic uses by local practitioners. The crude methanolic extracts of these plants were tested for their α-glycosidase and urease enzyme inhibition potential. The observed urease inhibitory potential for the crude extract of S. bicapsularis, T. peruviana and N. oleander were 8.3 ± 0.33 μg, 6.98 ± 0.98 μg and 9.56 ± 1.43 μg, respectively while the V. major did not show any inhibition. In addition, the IC50 value for Thiourea was 22.3 ± 1.14 μg. The crude extracts of S. bicapsularis, T. peruviana, N. oleander, V. major were shown to inhibit α-glycosidase activity with an IC50 value of 630.3 ± 0.03 μg, 700.7 ± 2.43 μg, 430.4 ± 3.97 μg, and the standard (acarbose) 880 ± 1.03 μM, respectively. Based on the TLC profile, the extract of S. bicapsularis was subjected to column chromatography and the major component named rhein (1) was identified. Compound 1 exhibited excellent urease and α-glycosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 7.4 ± 0.32 and 622.3 ± 1.03 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Saud Bawazeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Naseer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aamir Habib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Raheem Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Urooj Jehan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | | | - Majid Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Amirzhan Kassenov
- Kazakhstan Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry LLP, Shakarim State University of Semey, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State University Named After I.S. Turgenev, Orel, Russia
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Mishra VK, Rathour BK, Mishra SK, Sagar R. Cardenolide and pregnatriene compounds from the roots of Nerium oleander. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4177-4181. [PMID: 32352331 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1747460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardenolide and pregnatriene compounds were isolated from the chloroform fraction of the 95% aqueous ethanolic extract of dried roots of Nerium oleander. The stereochemical structure of the cardenolide and pregnatriene compounds was determined to be 3β-O-(D-diginosyl)-14β-hydroxy card-20(22)-enolide and 12β-hydroxy pregna-4,6,16-triene-3,20-dione using spectroscopic methods including IR, HRMS and NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Braj Kishore Rathour
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sunil K Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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