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Flavonoids from the roots and rhizomes of Sophoratonkinensis and their in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:65-80. [PMID: 36641234 PMCID: PMC9836829 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had caused a global pandemic since 2019, and posed a serious threat to global health security. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an indispensable role in the battle against the epidemic. Many components originated from TCMs were found to inhibit the production of SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro), which are two promising therapeutic targets to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. This study describes a systematic investigation of the roots and rhizomes of Sophora tonkinensis, which results in the characterization of 12 new flavonoids, including seven prenylated flavanones (1-7), one prenylated flavonol (8), two prenylated chalcones (9-10), one isoflavanone (11), and one isoflavan dimer (12), together with 43 known compounds (13-55). Their structures including the absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of MS, 1D and 2D NMR data, and time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT ECD) calculations. Compounds 12 and 51 exhibited inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro with IC50 values of 34.89 and 19.88 μmol·L-1, repectively while compounds 9, 43 and 47 exhibited inhibitory effects against PLpro with IC50 values of 32.67, 79.38, and 16.74 μmol·L-1, respectively.
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2
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Yolanda H, Lohnoo T, Rujirawat T, Yingyong W, Kumsang Y, Sae-Chew P, Payattikul P, Krajaejun T. Selection of an Appropriate In Vitro Susceptibility Test for Assessing Anti- Pythium insidiosum Activity of Potassium Iodide, Triamcinolone Acetonide, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, and Ethanol. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1116. [PMID: 36354883 PMCID: PMC9692648 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The orphan but highly virulent pathogen Pythium insidiosum causes pythiosis in humans and animals. Surgery is a primary treatment aiming to cure but trading off losing affected organs. Antimicrobial drugs show limited efficacy in treating pythiosis. Alternative drugs effective against the pathogen are needed. In-house drug susceptibility tests (i.e., broth dilution, disc diffusion, and radial growth assays) have been established, some of which adapted the standard protocols (i.e., CLSI M38-A2 and CLSI M51) designed for fungi. Hyphal plug, hyphal suspension, and zoospore are inocula commonly used in the drug susceptibility assessment for P. insidiosum. A side-by-side comparison demonstrated that each method had advantages and limitations. Minimum inhibitory and cidal concentrations of a drug varied depending on the selected method. Material availability, user experience, and organism and drug quantities determined which susceptibility assay should be used. We employed the hyphal plug and a combination of broth dilution and radial growth methods to screen and validate the anti-P. insidiosum activities of several previously reported chemicals, including potassium iodide, triamcinolone acetonide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and ethanol, in which data on their anti-P. insidiosum efficacy are limited. We tested each chemical against 29 genetically diverse isolates of P. insidiosum. These chemicals possessed direct antimicrobial effects on the growth of the pathogen in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting their potential application in pythiosis treatment. Future attempts should focus on standardizing these drug susceptibility methods, such as determining susceptibility/resistant breakpoints, so healthcare workers can confidently interpret a result and select an effective drug against P. insidiosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Yolanda
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 14440, Indonesia
| | - Tassanee Lohnoo
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Rujirawat
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wanta Yingyong
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yothin Kumsang
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pattarana Sae-Chew
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Penpan Payattikul
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Theerapong Krajaejun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Arthan S, Posri P, Walunchapruk S, Senawong T, Yenjai C. Structural modification of olibergin A, an isoflavonoid, from Dalbergia stipulacea Roxb. and its cytotoxicity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17837-17845. [PMID: 35765325 PMCID: PMC9201701 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02865d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen derivatives were synthesized from olibergin A, a major isoflavonoid isolated from the stems of Dalbergia stipulacea Roxb. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against HCT-116, HT-29, MCF-7 and vero cell lines using MTT assay. Cytotoxicity results showed 5-hydroxy-7,2',4',5'-tetramethoxyisoflavone (5) was the most active with IC50 values of 19.03 ± 0.70, 10.83 ± 1.65, 12.53 ± 0.70 and 13.53 ± 0.84 μM against HCT-116, HT-29, MCF-7 and vero cell lines, respectively. It should be noted that 5-hydroxy-7,2',4',5'-tetramethoxyisoflavone (5) showed two times less toxicity against vero cells than the cisplatin standard (IC50 = 6.55 ± 0.81 μM) while 5 and cisplatin exhibited nearly equal cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 cell line. 5,7,2',4',5'-Pentamethoxyisoflavanone (10) showed an IC50 value of 30.34 ± 1.15 μM against the HCT-116 cell line and exhibited weak cytotoxicity against normal cells, the vero cell line. In addition, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-2',5'-dimethoxyisoflavan oxime (13) demonstrated cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells with an IC50 value of 31.41 ± 1.38 μM and displayed weak activity toward the vero cell line. The information revealed that these compounds were suitable for development to anticancer agents against HCT-116, HT-29 and MCF-7 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supakorn Arthan
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Natural Products Research Unit, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand +66-043-009700 ext. 42174 +66-043-009700 ext. 42175
| | - Priyapan Posri
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Natural Products Research Unit, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand +66-043-009700 ext. 42174 +66-043-009700 ext. 42175
| | - Sookkawath Walunchapruk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Natural Products Research Unit, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Thanaset Senawong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Natural Products Research Unit, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Natural Products Research Unit, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand +66-043-009700 ext. 42174 +66-043-009700 ext. 42175
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Sribuhom T, Posri P, Khankeaw W, Pornchoo C, Prawan A, Tontapha S, Amornkitbamrung V, Yenjai C. A rare isoflavone-quinone and a new flavanone from the roots of Dalbergia stipulacea Roxb. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35300543 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2053852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two previously undescribed compounds, namely dalpulapans F and G (1 and 2), along with 11 known compounds were isolated from the MeOH crude extract of the roots of Dalbergia stipulacea. Dalpulapan F was found as a rare isoflavone-quinone derivative. Their structures and absolute configurations were supported by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including 1 D and 2 D NMR, HRESIMS data, specific rotation data, and comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD data. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the isolated compounds against HepG2 and KKU-M156 cell lines revealed that isoflavonoid 9 and rotenoid 13 exhibited the most activity against the two cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thurdpong Sribuhom
- Faculty of Science, Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Priyapan Posri
- Faculty of Science, Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wilaiwan Khankeaw
- Faculty of Science, Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chanakan Pornchoo
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Auemduan Prawan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Tontapha
- Faculty of Science, Integrated Nanotechnology Research Centre, Department of Physics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Vittaya Amornkitbamrung
- Faculty of Science, Integrated Nanotechnology Research Centre, Department of Physics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Faculty of Science, Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Posri P, Sribuhom T, Walunchapruk S, Senawong T, Tontapha S, Amornkitbamrung V, Yenjai C. Dalpulapans A-E from the roots of Dalbergia stipulacea. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37643-37648. [PMID: 35496421 PMCID: PMC9043826 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07041j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Five new compounds, dalpulapans A–E (1–5), were isolated from the hexane extract of the roots of Dalbergia stipulacea Roxb. Five new compounds, dalpulapans A–E (1–5), were isolated from the hexane extract of the roots of Dalbergia stipulacea Roxb. An evaluation of cytotoxic activity against HeLa, A549 and normal cell lines using MTT assay was performed. The results showed that R,R-velucarpin A (6) was the most active against HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 10.9 ± 0.42 μM, while fortunately this compound exhibited weak cytotoxicity against normal cells (29.20 ± 1.16 μM). Structures of all isolates were identified from their 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data and MS analysis. Experimental and calculated ECD spectra were studied to define the absolute configurations. Five new compounds, dalpulapans A–E (1–5), were isolated from the hexane extract of the roots of Dalbergia stipulacea Roxb.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyapan Posri
- Natural Products Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand +66-4320-2222-41 ext. 12243
| | - Thurdpong Sribuhom
- Natural Products Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand +66-4320-2222-41 ext. 12243
| | - Sookkawath Walunchapruk
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Thanaset Senawong
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Sarawut Tontapha
- Integrated Nanotechnology Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Vittaya Amornkitbamrung
- Integrated Nanotechnology Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Natural Products Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand +66-4320-2222-41 ext. 12243
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Zhong WL, Zhou XM, Yi JL, Song XM, Zhang B, Yang JY, Chen GY. Fissistiganoids A and B: two new flavonoids from the Fissistigma tungfangense. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3598-3602. [PMID: 33430643 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1871340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new flavanoids fissistiganoids A and B (1 and 2), together with two known pterocarpans derivatives (3 and 4), were isolated from the stems of Fissistigma tungfangense. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of fissistiganoids A and B (1 and 2) were determined by comparing their ECD spectra with quantum-mechanics ECD calculations. The inhibitory activities of all compounds against three cancer cell lines HeLa, MCF-7 and A549 were evaluated. Compounds 1-4 showed moderate inhibitory effects on HeLa, MCF-7 and A549 cells with IC50 values ranging from 12.5 to 42.3 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Ling Yi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ming Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
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7
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Yolanda H, Krajaejun T. Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03737. [PMID: 32322727 PMCID: PMC7160450 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the oomycete microorganism Pythium insidiosum. The disease has been increasingly diagnosed worldwide. P. insidiosum inhabits freshwater and presents in two forms: mycelium and zoospore. Clinical manifestations of pythiosis include an infection of the artery, eye, skin, or gastrointestinal tract. The management of pythiosis is problematic due to the lack of effective treatment. Many patients die from an uncontrolled infection. The drug susceptibility testing provides clinically-useful information that could lead to proper drug selection against P. insidiosum. Currently, no standard CLSI protocol for the drug susceptibility of P. insidiosum is available. This review aims at describing methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against P. insidiosum. Several in-house in vitro susceptibility methods (i.e., broth microdilution method, radial growth method, and agar diffusion method) have been established for P. insidiosum. Either mycelium or zoospore can be an inoculum. Rabbit is the commonly-used model of pythiosis for in vivo drug susceptibility testing. Based on the susceptibility results (i.e., minimal inhibitory concentration and inhibition zone), several antibacterial and antifungal drugs, alone or combination, exhibited an in vitro or in vivo effect against P. insidiosum. Some distinct compounds, antiseptic agents, essential oils, and plant extracts, also show anti-P. insidiosum activities. Successfully medical treatment, guided by the drug susceptibility data, has been reported in some pythiosis patients. Future studies should emphasize finding a novel and effective anti-P. insidiosum drug, standardizing in vitro susceptibility method and correlating drug susceptibility data and clinical outcome of pythiosis patients for a better interpretation of the susceptibility results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Yolanda
- Section for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Theerapong Krajaejun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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