Jabuticaba [Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts]: a Brazilian fruit with a promising application against itraconazole-susceptible and -resistant Sporothrix brasiliensis

Turning agro-food waste into resources: Exploring the antioxidant effects of bioactive compounds bioaccessibility from digested jabuticaba tree leaf extract

The jabuticaba tree leaf, considered an agro-food by-product or waste, was evaluated as a potential unconventional ingredient of bioactive compounds. Its hydroalcoholic extracts were assessed for the phenolic chemical profile by LC-QQQ-MS and antioxidant capacity pre- and post-gastrointestinal digestion (i.e., bioaccessibility), along with determining cytotoxicity effects on cell culture, antihaemolytic and cellular antioxidant activity. A total of 9 phenolic compounds, including ellagic acid and flavonoids (hesperidin) were identified in both crude and digested samples. The bioaccessibility of these compounds was increased after digestion process, which was reflected in the erythrocytes' antioxidant activities, reducing the haemolysis, lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by more than 50 %. Furthermore, the in vitro digestion diminished the cytotoxicity effect, increasing the cell viability by 71 %. These findings underscore the potential of jabuticaba tree leaf extract as a rich source of antioxidant phenolics, emphasizing their potential and promising applications as a new functional ingredient.

The Telomere-to-Telomere Genome of Jaboticaba Reveals the Genetic Basis of Fruit Color and Citric Acid Content

Jaboticaba is a typical tropical plant that blossoms and bears fruit on the tree trunks and branches. The fruits resemble grapes in appearance and texture and are also known as "treegrapes". Currently, research on the genomics of jaboticaba is lacking. In this study, we constructed an integrated, telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gap-free reference genome and two nearly complete haploid genomes, thereby providing a high-quality genomic resource. Furthermore, we unveiled the evolutionary history of several species within the Myrtaceae family, highlighting significant expansions in metabolic pathways such as the citric acid cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis throughout their evolutionary process. Transcriptome analysis of jaboticaba fruits of different colors revealed that the development of fruit skin color in jaboticaba is associated with the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, with the flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) gene potentially regulating fruit skin color. Additionally, by constructing the regulatory pathway of the citric acid cycle, we found that low citric acid content is correlated with high expression levels of genes such as thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) and low expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), indicating that PEPCK positively regulates citric acid content. These T2T genomic resources will accelerate jaboticaba pepper genetic improvement and help to understand jaboticaba genome evolution.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction and concentration of phenolic compounds from jabuticaba sabará (Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts) peel by nanofiltration membrane

Jabuticaba peel, rich in antioxidants, offering health benefits. In this study, the extraction of phenolic compounds from jabuticaba peel using ultrasound-assisted (UA) and their subsequent concentration by nanofiltration (NF) employing a polyamide 200 Da membrane was evaluated. The UA extractions were conducted using the Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) 22 methodology, with independent variables extraction time (11.55 to 138 min) and temperature (16.87 to 53.3 °C), and fixed variables mass to ethanol solution concentration at pH 1.0 (1:25 g/mL), granulometry (1 mm), and ultrasonic power (52.8 W). The maximum concentrations obtained were 700.94 mg CE/100 g for anthocyanins, 945.21 mg QE/100 g for flavonoids, 133.19 mg GAE/g for phenols, and an antioxidant activity IC50 of 24.36 μg/mL. Key phenolic compounds identified included cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, and various acids like syringic and gallic. NF successfully concentrated these compounds, enhancing their yield by up to 45%. UA and NF integrate for sustainable extraction.

Exploring the Antioxidant Potential of Talisia esculenta Using In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches

Medicinal plants, such as Talisia esculenta, are rich in antioxidant biomolecules, which are used in the treatment and prevention of many diseases. The antioxidant potential of T. esculenta extracts obtained from leaves and fruit peels was investigated using biochemical and 3T3 cell line assays as well as in vivo assays using an organism model Tenebrio molitor. Four extracts were tested: hydroethanolic extracts from leaves (HF) and from fruit peels (HC), and infusion extracts from leaves (IF) and from fruit peels (IC). The biochemical assays demonstrated an antioxidant capacity verified by TAC, reducing power, DPPH, and copper chelating assays. None of the extracts exhibited cytotoxicity against 3T3 cells, instead offering a protection against CuSO4-induced oxidative stress. The antioxidant activity observed in the extracts, including their role as free radical scavengers, copper chelators, and stress protectors, was further confirmed by T. molitor assays. The CLAE-DAD analysis detected phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, rutin, and quercitrin, as the main constituents of the samples. This study highlights that leaf and fruit peels extracts of T. esculenta could be effective protectors against ROS and copper-induced stress in cellular and invertebrate models, and they should be considered as coadjutants in the treatment and prevention of diseases related to oxidative stress and for the development of natural nutraceutical products.

Jaboticaba berry: A comprehensive review on its polyphenol composition, health effects, metabolism, and the development of food products

Jaboticaba, a popular Brazilian berry, has been studied due to its relevant polyphenol composition, health benefits and potential use for the development of derived food products. Considering that around 200 articles have been published in recent years, this review aims to provide comprehensive and updated information, as well as a critical discussion on: (i) jaboticaba polyphenolic composition and extraction methods for their accurate determination; (ii) jaboticaba polyphenol's metabolism; (iii) biological effects of the fruit and the relationship with its polyphenols and their metabolites; (iv) challenges in the development of jaboticaba derived products. The determination of jaboticaba polyphenols should employ hydrolysis procedures during extraction, followed by liquid chromatographic analysis. Jaboticaba polyphenols, mainly anthocyanins and ellagitannins, are extensively metabolized, and their metabolites are probably the most important contributors to the relevant health effects associated with the fruit, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic. Most of the technological processing of jaboticaba fruit and its residues is related to their application as a colorant, antioxidant, antimicrobial and source of polyphenols. The scientific literature still lacks studies on the metabolism and bioactivity of polyphenols from jaboticaba in humans, as well as the effect of technological processes on these issues.