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Guo J, Chen F, Zhang W, Bai H, Li L, Ma Y, Yang Z. Separation of bufadienolides from Helleborus thibetanus Franch. by a combination approach involving macroporous resin column chromatography and gradient countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400145. [PMID: 38822225 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a combination approach involving macroporous resin (MR) column chromatography and gradient countercurrent chromatography (CCC) was employed to enrich and purify bufadienolides from the roots and rhizomes of Helleborus thibetanus Franch. Initially, a D101 MR-packed column chromatography was utilized for fractionation and enrichment of the bufadienolides, which were effectively eluted from the column using a 60% ethanol solution. CCC was subsequently introduced to separate the enriched product using the ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (EBuWat, 4:1:5, v/v) and EBuWat (5:0:5, v/v) solvent systems in a gradient elution mode. As results, five bufadienolides, including 6.1 mg of hellebrigenin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (1), 2.2 mg of tigencaoside A (2), 8.3 mg of deglucohellebrin (3), 3.5 mg of 14 β-hydroxy-3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-5α-bufa-20,22-dienolide (4), and 3.0 mg of 14β-hydroxy-3β-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-5α-bufa-20,22-dienolide (5), were effectively separated from 300 mg of the enriched product. The respective high-performance liquid chromatography purities were as follows: 95.2%, 75.8%, 85.7%, 82.3%, and 92.8%. This study provides valuable insights for the efficient enrichment and separation of bufadienolides from Helleborus thibetanus Franch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Huiyuan Bai
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Luqi Li
- Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yatuan Ma
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Li S, Chen X, Tang J, Zhang D, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Song X, Wang W, Li Y. Genus Helleborus: a comprehensive review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical applications. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38372230 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2317880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The genus Helleborus belongs to the Ranunculaceae family, distributed in southeastern Europe and western Asia. In folk medicine, it is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic medicine for rheumatoid arthritis and bruises. Through reviewing recent articles, it was found that two hundred and twenty-six compounds have been isolated and identified from the genus Helleborus. These compounds include steroids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, lignans, anthraquinones, phenolics and others. Among them, the main chemical constituents are steroids. Pharmacological studies show Helleborus has anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-hyperglycaemic, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This article reviews the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects and clinical applications of the genus Helleborus. Hopefully, it will provide a reference for in-depth research and exploitation of the genus Helleborus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Jiamei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Application of "Taibai Qi Yao", Xianyang, PR China
| | - Yi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Application of "Taibai Qi Yao", Xianyang, PR China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Application of "Taibai Qi Yao", Xianyang, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Application of "Taibai Qi Yao", Xianyang, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Application of "Taibai Qi Yao", Xianyang, PR China
| | - Yuze Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Application of "Taibai Qi Yao", Xianyang, PR China
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Sun N, Ma S, Jin L, Wang Y, Zhou C, Zhang X, Kang H, Zhou M, Yang H, Shu P. Development of AKR1B10 inhibitors from Ajuga nipponensis based on diseases and targets. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105742. [PMID: 37952764 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Ten compounds (1-10) including one new neoclerodane diterpenoid (1) and nine known compounds were isolated from the whole plants of Ajuga nipponensis. Their structures were established by performing detailed analysis of NMR, the structure of 1 was determined using HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, UV, and IR. Compounds 1 and 4-10 were isolated from Ajuga nipponensis for the first time. And it was the first time to report compounds 9 and 10 as natural products. Based on network pharmacology methods, 45 key targets were selected, which were compounds mapping to diseases. And compounds 2, 3, 7, and a (ajugacumbin B) exhibited excellent AKR1B10 inhibitory activities, with IC50 values of 53.05 ± 0.75, 87.22 ± 0.85, 61.85 ± 0.66, and 85.19±1.02 nM respectively, with Epalrestat used as the positive control (82.09 ± 1.62 nM). Additionally, the interaction between active compounds and AKR1B10 had been discussed according to the molecular docking results. Ultimately, the analysis of GO and KEGG enrichment indicated that the key signaling pathway of the active compounds may be related to prostate cancer. Our study results demonstrate the hypoglycemic and anti-tumor properties of A. nipponensis for the first time, and provide a comprehensive understanding of its application in traditional medicine. Furthermore, this article establishes a reference for further research on the optimized experimental design of novel AKR1B10 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuo Ma
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxuan Jin
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Wang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihong Zhou
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Kang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, People's Republic of China
| | - Penghua Shu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, People's Republic of China.
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Kavvoura DA, Stefanakis MK, Kletsas D, Katerinopoulos HE, Pratsinis H. Biological Activities of Ceratonia siliqua Pod and Seed Extracts: A Comparative Analysis of Two Cretan Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12104. [PMID: 37569477 PMCID: PMC10418674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceratonia siliqua L., commonly known as the carob tree, appears in most Mediterranean countries, often cultivated for the collection of its fruits to be used as food for humans and animals. This study was aimed at the phytochemical characterization of two common Cretan C. siliqua cultivars and the biological evaluation of deseeded pod and seed extracts regarding their putative use in cosmetics. Gas and liquid chromatographic techniques were used to assess their essential oil, fatty acid, and carbohydrate profiles. Cell-free assays, including free-radical scavenging; the inhibition of tyrosinase and collagenase; the blocking of advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation; along with assays in human skin fibroblast cultures, i.e., reactive oxygen species suppression, glutathione stimulation, and protection from oxidative stress and from ultraviolet (UVB) radiation, were also used. Extracts from both cultivars were found to possess antioxidant capacity, tyrosinase- and collagenase-inhibitory activities, an ability to block glucose-induced AGEs, and in certain cases, UVB absorbance and photoprotective activities. Seed extracts were in general more active, while the use of 30% aqueous methanol seemed to be more efficient than n-hexane for extraction. Serial partition of the most active extracts resulted in fractions with enriched biological activities. These properties make Cretan carob extracts and their fractions suitable candidates for use in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni-Alexandra Kavvoura
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.-A.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Michalis K. Stefanakis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.K.S.); (H.E.K.)
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.-A.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Haralambos E. Katerinopoulos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.K.S.); (H.E.K.)
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.-A.K.); (D.K.)
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An NF-κB- and Therapy-Related Regulatory Network in Glioma: A Potential Mechanism of Action for Natural Antiglioma Agents. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050935. [PMID: 35625673 PMCID: PMC9138293 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are among the most aggressive malignancies, with significantly low median survival. Recent experimental research in the field has highlighted the importance of natural substances as possible antiglioma agents, also known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. We have previously shown that natural substances target several surface cluster of differentiation (CD) markers in glioma cells, as part of their mechanism of action. We analyzed the genome-wide NF-κB binding sites residing in consensus regulatory elements, based on ENCODE data. We found that NF-κB binding sites reside adjacent to the promoter regions of genes encoding CD markers targeted by antiglioma agents (namely, CD15/FUT4, CD28, CD44, CD58, CD61/SELL, CD71/TFRC, and CD122/IL2RB). Network and pathway analysis revealed that the markers are associated with a core network of genes that, altogether, participate in processes that associate tumorigenesis with inflammation and immune evasion. Our results reveal a core regulatory network that can be targeted in glioblastoma, with apparent implications in individuals that suffer from this devastating malignancy.
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