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van Dillen T, Russo F, Mommaert C. Surface-clearance levels for the normal reuse of objects for 413 radionuclides. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:041507. [PMID: 35973359 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac89f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides surface-clearance levels for 413 radionuclides for the normal reuse of objects leaving the controlled area of a nuclear facility. Four sets of surface-specific clearance levels are derived based on choices of dose coefficients (DCs) in probabilistic dose assessments using the SUrface DOse QUantification model (SUDOQU; van Dillen and van Dijk 2018J. Radiol. Prot.381147-203). The general dose criteria for clearance, extended with a suitable dose constraint for the concept of the representative person, are applied in the derivations. These clearance levels apply to the total of fixed and removable radioactive contamination on the surface of objects. The results are discussed in the context of conservatism of the exposure scenarios (parameters, DCs), and guidance is given on the selection and application of the values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun van Dillen
- Centre for Environmental Safety and Security, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Karvanen J, Niilo‐Rämä M, Sarén J, Kärkkäinen S. Estimating mean lifetime from partially observed events in nuclear physics. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rssc.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juha Karvanen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Jyvaskyla Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Mikko Niilo‐Rämä
- Finnish Institute for Educational Research University of Jyvaskyla Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Jan Sarén
- Department of Physics University of Jyvaskyla Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Salme Kärkkäinen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Jyvaskyla Jyvaskyla Finland
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Abstract
Inorganic crystal scintillators play a crucial role in particle detection for various applications in fundamental physics and applied science. The use of such materials as scintillating bolometers, which operate at temperatures as low as 10 mK and detect both heat (phonon) and scintillation signals, significantly extends detectors performance compared to the conventional scintillation counters. In particular, such low-temperature devices offer a high energy resolution in a wide energy interval thanks to a phonon signal detection, while a simultaneous registration of scintillation emitted provides an efficient particle identification tool. This feature is of great importance for a background identification and rejection. Combined with a large variety of elements of interest, which can be embedded in crystal scintillators, scintillating bolometers represent powerful particle detectors for rare-event searches (e.g., rare alpha and beta decays, double-beta decay, dark matter particles, neutrino detection). Here, we review the features and results of low-temperature scintillation detection achieved over a 30-year history of developments of scintillating bolometers and their use in rare-event search experiments.
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Tavares OAP, Terranova ML. Partial alpha-decay half-lives for alpha-emitting Osmium isotopes: Accurate determinations by a semi-empirical model. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 160:109034. [PMID: 32351232 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Partial alpha-decay half-life-values for twenty-four cases of alpha-decaying Osmium isotopes (161-174, 184, 186-188Os) have been obtained in the framework of a semi-empirical, one-parameter model based on the quantum mechanical tunneling mechanism through a potential barrier. Here the Coulomb, centrifugal and overlapping contributions to the barrier have been considered within the spherical nucleus approximation. The calculation method enabled to reproduce, within a factor 2, the measured half-lives for ground-state to ground-state (gs-gs) α-transitions of twelve artificially produced Osmium isotopes (162-172, 174Os) and of two naturally occurring isotopes (184, 186Os). In addition, a half-life prediction of T½ = (2.0 ± 0.1) × 1016 a has been found for the gs-gs α-transition of naturally occurring 187Os isotope. Two cases of gamma quanta accompanying α-decay possible of being accessed experimentally have been predicted: 184Os decaying to the first level of 180W, with T½ = (0.73 ± 0.04) × 1015 a, and 186Os decaying to the first level of 182W, with T½ = (3.9 ± 0.2) × 1016 a. New α-decay schemes for 184Os, 186Os, 187Os isotopes have been anticipated, and estimated T½-values for rarer cases of α-transitions of Osmium isotopes have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilon Antonia Paula Tavares
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas-CBPF/MCTIC, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Letizia Terranova
- Dipartimento di Science e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma, "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica s/n, 00133, Roma, Italy.
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Dasgupta-Schubert N. Predictability analysis of α decay formulae and the α partial half-lives of exotic nuclei. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201818202115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine the ability of 3 phenomenological alpha decay formulae, the Generalised Liquid Drop Model, the Sobiczewski- Parkhomenko and the Viola-Seaborg-Sobiczewski formulae, to predict the α partial half-lives Tα of 100 exotic alpha radioactive nuclei by the statistical quantification of their accuracy and precision. These quantities were derived using a method based on standard experimental quality assurance wherein the alpha spectroscopic data of 313 well-established alpha decaying nuclei (calibration and test data sets) were used. Experimental masses as well as Finite Range Droplet Model masses were used to compute Qα. Improved coefficients for the three formulae were derived resulting in modified formulae. A simple linear optimization allowed adjustment of the modified formulae for the insufficient statistics of the odd-even and odd-odd decays of the calibration data set, without changing the modified formulae. Relatively better figures of merit for the odd-odd and the SHE were obtained using the modified GLDM formula.
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Delion DS, Ghinescu SA. Geiger-Nuttall Law for Nuclei in Strong Electromagnetic Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:202501. [PMID: 29219381 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.202501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the influence of a strong laser electromagnetic field on the α-decay rate by using the Hennenberger frame of reference. We introduce an adimensional parameter D=S_{0}/R_{0}, where R_{0} is the geometrical nuclear radius and S_{0}∼sqrt[I]/ω^{2} is a length parameter depending on the laser intensity I and frequency ω. We show that the barrier penetrability has a strong increase for intensities corresponding to D>D_{crit}=1, due to the fact that the resulting Coulomb potential becomes strongly anisotropic even for spherical nuclei. As a consequence, the contribution of the monopole term increases the barrier penetrability by 2 orders of magnitude, while the total contribution has an effect of 6 orders of magnitude at D∼3D_{crit}. In the case of deformed nuclei, the electromagnetic field increases the penetrability by an additional order of magnitude for a quadrupole deformation β_{2}∼0.3. The influence of the electromagnetic field can be expressed in terms of a shifted Geiger-Nuttal law by a term depending on S_{0} and deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Delion
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului, POB MG-6, RO-077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independenţei, RO-050085 Bucharest, Romania
- Bioterra University, 81 Gârlei, RO-013724 Bucharest, Romania
| | - S A Ghinescu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului, POB MG-6, RO-077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
- Department of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomiştilor, POB MG-11, RO-077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
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Wilsenach H, Zuber K, Krüger F, Hartmann A, Sobiella M. A low background ionisation chamber for alpha-spectroscopy. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714610015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Andreyev AN, Huyse M, Van Duppen P, Qi C, Liotta RJ, Antalic S, Ackermann D, Franchoo S, Heßberger FP, Hofmann S, Kojouharov I, Kindler B, Kuusiniemi P, Lesher SR, Lommel B, Mann R, Nishio K, Page RD, Streicher B, Šáro Š, Sulignano B, Wiseman D, Wyss RA. Signatures of the Z = 82 shell closure in α-decay process. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:242502. [PMID: 25165917 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.242502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent experiments at the velocity filter Separator for Heavy Ion reaction Products (SHIP) (GSI, Darmstadt), an extended and improved set of α-decay data for more than 20 of the most neutron-deficient isotopes in the region from lead to thorium was obtained. The combined analysis of this newly available α-decay data, of which the (186)Po decay is reported here, allowed us for the first time to clearly show that crossing the Z = 82 shell to higher proton numbers strongly accelerates the α decay. From the experimental data, the α-particle formation probabilities are deduced following the Universal Decay Law approach. The formation probabilities are discussed in the framework of the pairing force acting among the protons and the neutrons forming the α particle. A striking resemblance between the phenomenological pairing gap deduced from experimental binding energies and the formation probabilities is noted. These findings support the conjecture that both the N = 126 and Z = 82 shell closures strongly influence the α-formation probability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Andreyev
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom and Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - M Huyse
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Van Duppen
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Qi
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R J Liotta
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Antalic
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D Ackermann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - F P Heßberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Hofmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - I Kojouharov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Kuusiniemi
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S R Lesher
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Mann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Nishio
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - R D Page
- Department of Physics, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - B Streicher
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Š Šáro
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - B Sulignano
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Wiseman
- Department of Physics, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R A Wyss
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Abstract
The observation of atomic numbers Z that are 40% larger than that of Bi, the heaviest stable element, is an impressive extension of nuclear survival. Although the super heavy nuclei (SHN) are at the limits of Coulomb stability, shell stabilization lowers the ground-state energy, creates a fission barrier, and thereby enables the SHE to exist. The fundamentals of the modern theory concerning the mass limits of nuclear matter have been experimentally verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Geiger
- a Physical Laboratories , The Victoria University , Manchester
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Roeckl E. Alpha Radioactivity. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.1995.7071.s1.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Roeckl
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, Postfach 110552, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany
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Qi C, Xu FR, Liotta RJ, Wyss R. Universal decay law in charged-particle emission and exotic cluster radioactivity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:072501. [PMID: 19792636 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.072501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A linear universal decay formula is presented starting from the microscopic mechanism of the charged-particle emission. It relates the half-lives of monopole radioactive decays with the Q values of the outgoing particles as well as the masses and charges of the nuclei involved in the decay. This relation is found to be a generalization of the Geiger-Nuttall law in alpha radioactivity and explains well all known cluster decays. Predictions on the most likely emissions of various clusters are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Qi
- School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Roeckl
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, Postfach 110552, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany
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Dumitrescu O, Cioaca C. Fine structure in the cluster decays of the translead nuclei. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1995; 51:3264-3282. [PMID: 9970430 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Dumitrescu O. Fine structure of cluster decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1994; 49:1466-1481. [PMID: 9969370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Brown BA. Simple relation for alpha decay half-lives. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1992; 46:811-814. [PMID: 9968183 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.46.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Sheline RK, Ragnarsson I. Interpretation of the fine structure in the 14C radioactive decay of 223Ra. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1991; 43:1476-1479. [PMID: 9967191 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.43.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Hatsukawa Y, Nakahara H, Hoffman DC. Systematics of alpha decay half-lives. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1990; 42:674-682. [PMID: 9966755 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.42.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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SELIGER HH. The applications of standards of radioactivity. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES 1956; 1:215-32. [PMID: 13376138 DOI: 10.1016/0020-708x(56)90009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jesse WP, Sadauskis J. Recoil Particles fromPo210and Their Ionization in Argon and Helium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1956. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.102.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chaudhury ML. Systematics of alpha ray spectra. ZEITSCHRIFT F�R PHYSIK 1952; 133:561-575. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01332468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Sizoo G, Wytzes S. Measurement of the range of the α-particles of U I and U II with the “sphere method”. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1937. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-8914(37)80149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kurie FND, Knopf GD. Measurement of the Range of Alpha-Particles from Thorium with the Wilson Chamber. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1933. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.43.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Henrich F. Neuere Forschungen auf dem Gebiete der Radioaktivität in den Jahren 1913 und 1914. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1915. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19150285003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Henrich F. Neuere Forschungen auf dem Gebiete der Radioaktivität in den Jahren 1911 und 1912. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1913. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19130264101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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