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Chang CY, Park JH, Ouh IO, Gu NY, Jeong SY, Lee SA, Lee YH, Hyun BH, Kim KS, Lee J. Novel method to repair articular cartilage by direct reprograming of prechondrogenic mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174416. [PMID: 34606836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Age-related cartilage loss is worsened by the limited regenerative capacity of chondrocytes. The role of cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells is gaining interest. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are an attractive source to generate the optimal number of chondrocytes required to repair a cartilage defect and regenerate hyaline articular cartilage. Here, we report an outstanding technique to prepare chondrocytes for cartilage repair using canine ADSCs. We hypothesized that external electrical fields promote prechondrogenic condensation without requiring genetic modifications or exogenous factors. We analyzed the effect of electrical stimulation (ES) on the differentiation of ADSC micromass into chondrocytes. Highly compact structures were formed within 3 days of ES of canine ADSC micromass. The expression of type I collagen gene was abolished in these cells compared with that in control micromass cultures and monolayer cultures. We further found that ES enhanced the production of proteoglycan, a highly produced extracellular matrix component in chondrocytes. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis showed that canine ADSC micromass undergoing ES developed a prechondrogenic cell aggregation, suggesting their metabolic conversion, biogenesis, and calcium ion change. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the capacity of ES to drive the chondrogenesis of ADSCs in the absence of exogenous factors and confirm its commercial potential as a budget-friendly therapy for the repair of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Young Chang
- Hanyang Digitech, 332-7, Samsung 1-ro, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, 18380, Republic of Korea; Youth Bio Global, 273, Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08381, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Park
- Hanyang Digitech, 332-7, Samsung 1-ro, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, 18380, Republic of Korea; Youth Bio Global, 273, Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08381, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ohk Ouh
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Gu
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeong
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-A Lee
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Lee
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Suk Kim
- Hanyang Digitech, 332-7, Samsung 1-ro, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, 18380, Republic of Korea
| | - Jienny Lee
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea; Division of Regenerative Medicine Safety Control, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea.
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Characterization of Properties, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate/Amino Acid Cements for Treatment of Osteochondral Defects. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020436. [PMID: 33477289 PMCID: PMC7830446 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Novel calcium phosphate cements containing a mixture of four amino acids, glycine, proline, hydroxyproline and either lysine or arginine (CAL, CAK) were characterized and used for treatment of artificial osteochondral defects in knee. It was hypothesized that an enhanced concentration of extracellular collagen amino acids (in complex mixture), in connection with bone cement in defect sites, would support the healing of osteochondral defects with successful formation of hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone. Calcium phosphate cement mixtures were prepared by in situ reaction in a planetary ball mill at aseptic conditions and characterized. It was verified that about 30–60% of amino acids remained adsorbed on hydroxyapatite particles in cements and the addition of amino acids caused around 60% reduction in compressive strength and refinement of hydroxyapatite particles in their microstructure. The significant over-expression of osteogenic genes after the culture of osteoblasts was demonstrated in the cement extracts containing lysine and compared with other cements. The cement pastes were inserted into artificial osteochondral defects in the medial femoral condyle of pigs and, after 3 months post-surgery, tissues were analyzed macroscopically, histologically, immunohistochemically using MRI and X-ray methods. Analysis clearly showed the excellent healing process of artificial osteochondral defects in pigs after treatment with CAL and CAK cements without any inflammation, as well as formation of subchondral bone and hyaline cartilage morphologically and structurally identical to the original tissues. Good integration of the hyaline neocartilage with the surrounding tissue, as well as perfect interconnection between the neocartilage and new subchondral bone tissue, was demonstrated. Tissues were stable after 12 months’ healing.
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Hu D, Shan X. Effects of different concentrations of type-I collagen hydrogel on the growth and differentiation of chondrocytes. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5411-5416. [PMID: 29163675 PMCID: PMC5688392 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of type-I collagen hydrogel of different concentrations on the growth and differentiation of rabbit chondrocytes. Articular cartilage from New Zealand white rabbits was harvested and cultured. Second-generation chondrocytes were collected for in vitro culture with 10, 7, and 5 mg/ml type-I collagen hydrogel, respectively (denoted as groups A, B, and C). After in vitro culture for 1 day, chondrocytes were stained with fluorescein diacetate (FDA)/propidium iodide (PI), and cell viability was observed by laser confocal microscopy. After in vitro culture for 14 days, the histological patterns were observed by H&E and toluidine blue staining. The expression of chondrocyte-related genes were measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. After in vitro culture for 1 day, FDA/PI staining showed that the cell density of group A was significantly higher than that of group B and C. After in vitro culture for 14 days, H&E staining showed that chondrocytes showed obvious aggregation in group A, partial proliferation and aggregation in group B, and uniform distribution in group C. Toluidine blue staining showed that chondrocytes in group A had aggregation areas and some were stained purple-red, fewer chondrocytes were aggregated with different staining around them in group B, and the aggregation of chondrocytes was not obvious. However, the distribution of chondrocytes was uniform with different staining in group C. After in vitro culture for 2 weeks, the levels of polymerized proteoglycan and type-II collagen mRNA were not significantly different between the three groups (P>0.05). The levels of type-I collagen, type-X collagen, and Sox9 mRNA in group A were significantly higher than those in group B and C (P<0.05). In conclusion, high concentration type-I collagen hydrogel can promote chondrocyte fibrosis and upregulation of type-I collagen, type-X collagen, and Sox9 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshan Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Shan
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
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Cheng T, Maddox NC, Wong AW, Rahnama R, Kuo AC. Comparison of gene expression patterns in articular cartilage and dedifferentiated articular chondrocytes. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:234-45. [PMID: 21809379 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During monolayer culture, articular chondrocytes dedifferentiate into fibroblast-like cells. The mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. We sought to further characterize dedifferentiation by identifying an extended panel of genes that distinguish articular cartilage from dedifferentiated chondrocytes. Thirty-nine candidate marker-genes were identified from previous studies on articular-cartilage gene-expression. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA levels for these candidates in calf articular cartilage and dedifferentiated articular chondrocytes. Twenty-two of the candidate marker genes exhibited at least a two-fold difference in gene expression in the two cell types. Twelve of these genes had at least a ten-fold difference in gene expression. Tenascin C (TNC), type I collagen (COL1A1), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) showed the highest relative expression levels in dedifferentiated chonodrocytes. Type II collagen (COL2A1), type XI collagen (COL11A2), and superficial zone protein (SZP) showed the highest relative expression levels in articular cartilage. In contrast to previous findings, fibromodulin mRNA, and protein levels were higher in dedifferentiated chondrocytes. Compared to smaller subsets of markers, this panel of 12 highly differentially expressed genes may more precisely distinguish articular cartilage from dedifferentiated chondrocytes. Since many of the genes up-regulated in dedifferentiated chondrocytes are also expressed during cartilage development, dedifferentiated chondrocytes may possess features of cartilage precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, USA
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