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Zheng X, Lin H, Du D, Li G, Alam O, Cheng Z, Liu X, Jiang S, Li J. Remediation of heavy metals polluted soil environment: A critical review on biological approaches. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 284:116883. [PMID: 39173222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) pollution is a globally emerging concern. It is difficult to cost-effectively combat such HMs polluted soil environments. The efficient remediation of HMs polluted soil is crucial to protect human health and ecological security that could be carried out by several methods. Amidst, biological remediation is the most affordable and ecological. This review focused on the principles, mechanisms, performances, and influential factors in bioremediation of HMs polluted soil. In microbial remediation, microbes can alter metallic compounds in soils. They transform these compounds into their metabolism through biosorption and bioprecipitation. The secreted microbial enzymes act as transformers and assist in HMs immobilization. The synergistic microbial effect can further improve HMs removal. In bioleaching, the microbial activity can simultaneously produce H2SO4 or organic acids and leach HMs. The production of acids and the metabolism of bacteria and fungi transform metallic compounds to soluble and extractable form. The key bioleaching mechanisms are acidolysis, complexolysis, redoxolysis and bioaccumulation. In phytoremediation, hyperaccumulator plants and their rhizospheric microbes absorb HMs by roots through absorption, cation exchange, filtration, and chemical changes. Then they exert different detoxification mechanisms. The detoxified HMs are then transferred and accumulated in their harvestable tissues. Plant growth-promoting bacteria can promote phytoremediation efficiency; however, use of chelants have adverse effects. There are some other biological methods for the remediation of HMs polluted soil environment that are not extensively practiced. Finally, the findings of this review will assist the practitioners and researchers to select the appropriate bioremediation approach for a specific soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zheng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- Jiangsu Xianghe Agricultural Development Co. LTD, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222048, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Jingjiang College, Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guanlin Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ohidul Alam
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Jiangsu Xianghe Agricultural Development Co. LTD, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222048, China
| | - Xinlin Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
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Chang LF, Fei J, Wang YS, Ma XY, Zhao Y, Cheng H. Comparative Analysis of Cd Uptake and Tolerance in Two Mangrove Species ( Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa) with Distinct Apoplast Barriers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3786. [PMID: 38005683 PMCID: PMC10674663 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove plants demonstrate an impressive ability to tolerate environmental pollutants, but excessive levels of cadmium (Cd) can impede their growth. Few studies have focused on the effects of apoplast barriers on heavy metal tolerance in mangrove plants. To investigate the uptake and tolerance of Cd in mangrove plants, two distinct mangrove species, Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa, are characterized by unique apoplast barriers. The results showed that both mangrove plants exhibited the highest concentration of Cd2+ in roots, followed by stems and leaves. The Cd2+ concentrations in all organs of R. stylosa consistently exhibited lower levels than those of A. marina. In addition, R. stylosa displayed a reduced concentration of apparent PTS and a smaller percentage of bypass flow when compared to A. marina. The root anatomical characteristics indicated that Cd treatment significantly enhanced endodermal suberization in both A. marina and R. stylosa roots, and R. stylosa exhibited a higher degree of suberization. The transcriptomic analysis of R. stylosa and A. marina roots under Cd stress revealed 23 candidate genes involved in suberin biosynthesis and 8 candidate genes associated with suberin regulation. This study has confirmed that suberized apoplastic barriers play a crucial role in preventing Cd from entering mangrove roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Chang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
- College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihaer University, Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Jiao Fei
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
| | - You-Shao Wang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
| | - Xiao-Yu Ma
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
- College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihaer University, Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
- College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihaer University, Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
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Wu Y, Leng Z, Li J, Jia H, Yan C, Hong H, Wang Q, Lu Y, Du D. Increased fluctuation of sulfur alleviates cadmium toxicity and exacerbates the expansion of Spartina alterniflora in coastal wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118399. [PMID: 34695515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the invasion of Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora) poses potentially serious risks to the stability of coastal wetlands, an ecosystem that is extremely vulnerable to both biological and non-biological threats. However, the effects and mechanisms of sulfur (S) in mediating the growth and expansion of S. alterniflora are poorly understood, particularly when sediments are contaminated with cadmium (Cd). A 6-month greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the mediating effect of S on Cd tolerance and growth of S. alterniflora. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of three S rates (applied as Na2SO4; 0, 500, 1000 mg kg-1 dry weight (DW), as S0, S500, and S1000) and four Cd rates (applied as CdCl2; 0, 1, 2, 4 mg kg-1 DW, as Cd0, Cd1, Cd2, and Cd4). Results showed that although the exogenous S supply obviously increased Cd accumulation in roots (up to 71.22 ± 6.43 mg kg-1 DW) due to the decrease of Fe concentration in iron plaque (down to 4.02 ± 1.18 mg g-1 DW), biomass reduction and oxidative stress in plant tissues were significantly alleviated. The addition of S significantly up-regulated the concentration of compounds related to Cd tolerance, including proline and glutathione. Therefore, the translocation of Cd was restricted, and plant growth was not impacted. The present study demonstrated that the exogenous sulfur supply could promote the growth of S. alterniflora and enhance its tolerance to Cd. Therefore, under the effects of S. alterniflora, the increased fluctuations of S pool caused by the release and deposition of S might further exacerbate S. alterniflora expansion in Cd contaminated coastal wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhanrui Leng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Hui Jia
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chongling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hualong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanyan Lu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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Li J, Yu J, Du D, Liu J, Lu H, Yan C. Analysis of anatomical changes and cadmium distribution in Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco roots under cadmium stress. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110536. [PMID: 31543481 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal stress changes the morphological and anatomical structure of plant organs. In this study, we determined the anatomical changes and Cd distribution in the roots of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco (Black mangrove) under Cd stress. The results showed that Cd levels in A. corniculatum root tissues decreased in the following order: endodermis > pith > xylem > epidermis and exodermis > phloem > cortex. The endodermis secondary casparian strip replaces exodermis casparian strip and plays a role in the "retardation mechanism", which sort of compensates for the missing exodermis retardation effect. The xylem and pith both show high affinity for Cd and contain enriched Cd. This creates a low-Cd environment for phloem and protects the nutrient transport function of the vasculature against Cd toxicity. The present study provides new evidences suggesting that Cd regional enrichment and anatomical structure changes are an adaptive strategy of mangrove plants to HM tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Junyi Yu
- State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chongling Yan
- State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Mizushima MYB, Ferreira BG, França MGC, Almeida AAF, Cortez PA, Silva JVS, Jesus RM, Prasad MNV, Mangabeira PAO. Ultrastructural and metabolic disorders induced by short-term cadmium exposure in Avicennia schaueriana plants and its excretion through leaf salt glands. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:844-853. [PMID: 30927480 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental cadmium (Cd) sources have increased in mangrove sediments in recent decades, inducing cellular damage to many plants. Avicennia schaueriana is abundant in mangrove sites and has been subject to Cd contamination. The possible effects of Cd toxicity and the structural and physiological disturbances to this plant were studied. Can this plant express early cellular tolerance mechanisms to such metal contamination? Seedlings of A. schaueriana were collected from sites of their natural occurrence, placed in plastic pots containing nutrient solution for 60 days, and subsequently exposed to increasing Cd concentrations for 5 days under experimental conditions. The anatomical, ultrastructural and physiological changes induced by Cd were analysed. Cd accumulated mainly in the root system and in pneumatophores, stems and leaves, induced differential accumulation of mineral nutrients, but did not induce necrosis or changes in leaf anatomy. However, there was a decrease in starch grains and an increase in deposited electron-dense material in the cortex and vascular bundles. Cd induced both increases in calcium (Ca) content in shoots and Ca oxalate crystal precipitation in leaf mesophyll and was detected in crystals and in the secretion of salt glands. Our observations and experimental results provide evidence of Cd tolerance in A. schaueriana. As a new feature, despite the clear cellular physiological disorders, this plant is able to eliminate Cd through leaf salt glands and immobilise it in Ca crystals, representing fast mechanisms for Cd exclusion and complexation in leaves in heavy metal coastal polluted marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y B Mizushima
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brasil
| | - B G Ferreira
- Departamento de Botânica, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - M G C França
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - A-A F Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brasil
| | - P A Cortez
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brasil
| | - J V S Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brasil
| | - R M Jesus
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brasil
| | - M N V Prasad
- Department of Plant Science, University of Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - P A O Mangabeira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brasil
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Guo Z, Gao Y, Cao X, Jiang W, Liu X, Liu Q, Chen Z, Zhou W, Cui J, Wang Q. Phytoremediation of Cd and Pb interactive polluted soils by switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1486-1496. [PMID: 31342773 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1644285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using phytoremediation as an efficient technique to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils is a current research hotspot. This study used an orthogonal matrix experimental design with three factors (Cd, Pb, and pH) and five levels (Cd at 9.45, 30, 60, 90, and 110.46 µg/g; Pb at 195.4, 400, 700, 1000, and 1204.6 µg/g; and pH at 3, 4.1, 5.8, 7.5, and 8.6) to investigate the phytoremediation potential of Panicum virgatum L. for soils polluted with cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The results indicated that there was a significant decrease in belowground biomass in plants exposed to the stresses compared to the control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were affected. Interaction of Cd with Pb in the soil had an antagonistic effect on the Cd bioaccumulation factor, whereas the interaction of pH with Cd or Pb had synergistic effects on the Cd bioaccumulation factor. When exposed to the three stressors, switchgrass plants could grow in soil that had a Cd concentration of a 46.68 µg/g, Pb concentration of 568.75 µg/g and pH of 5.34, which is a mildly acidic condition. Switchgrass, used as a phytoremediation plant, was more efficient in Cd-contaminated than in Pb-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Guo
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yani Gao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinlong Cao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xv Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wennan Zhou
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Quanzhen Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Ullah S, Mahmood T, Iqbal Z, Naeem A, Ali R, Mahmood S. Phytoremediative potential of salt-tolerant grass species for cadmium and lead under contaminated nutrient solution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1012-1018. [PMID: 31016987 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1594683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils represents a promising technique and salt-tolerant hyperaccumulators for multiple metals are the need of time. Therefore, phytoremediation potential of four salt-tolerant grass species [Dhab (Desmostachya bipinnata), Kallar (Leptochloa fusca), Para (Brachiaria mutica) and Sporobolus (Sporobolus arabicus Boiss)] was evaluated for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in a hydroponic study. The plants were harvested after a growth period of 3 months in a nutrient solution containing different levels of Cd (0, 5, and 25 mg L-1) and Pb (0, 25, and 125 mg L-1). Results indicated that Dhab grass showed the highest root and shoot dry matter yield followed by Para, Kallar and Sporobolus grass irrespective of metal or its level under which they were grown. All the grass species showed considerable Cd-accumulating potential with an accumulation of >150 mg kg-1of shoot dry matter at a higher level of Cd-contamination (25 mg L-1). While in case of shoot Pb-accumulation only Para grass performed well and accumulated Pb >1000 mg kg-1 of shoot dry matter at the higher level of Pb-contamination (125 mg L-1). Moreover, Para and Dhab grasses performed better for shoot Cd-uptake, while only Para grass showed promising shoot Pb uptake potential. In conclusion, these grass species could be penitentially used for phytoremediation of salt-affected Cd and Pb contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ullah
- a Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- a Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- a Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Asif Naeem
- a Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Rehmat Ali
- a Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Sajid Mahmood
- a Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Chai M, Li R, Shen X, Tam NFY, Zan Q, Li R. Does ammonium nitrogen affect accumulation, subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Kandelia obovata? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:430-437. [PMID: 30015189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and nutrients are commonly found in mangrove sediments, but the effect of nutrients on heavy metals in mangrove plants is not clear. A study quantifying the effects of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) on the accumulation, subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) in Kandelia obovata seedlings were conducted. The experiment consisted of four levels of NH4+-N (0, 10, 50 and 100 mg L-1) in each of which consisted of four Cd levels (0, 1, 5 and 10 mg L-1). The results showed that NH4+-N magnified the Cd toxicity due to reduced plant biomass, especially with 10 mg L-1 Cd and 100 mg L-1 NH4+-N supply. NH4+-N, especially at 100 mg L-1, enhanced the concentration and accumulation of Cd in root but its role on Cd translocation from root to stem and leaf was limited, probably due to low translocation factor. At subcellular level, Cd mainly accumulated in root cell wall but its fractionation depended on Cd levels. Under the stress of 1 and 5 mg L-1 Cd, 50 mg L-1 NH4+-N supply improved transfer of Cd from root cell wall into cell, and increased pectate and protein integrated forms of intracellular Cd to alleviate Cd toxicity. Under the stress of 10 mg L-1 Cd, NH4+-N supply promoted the deposition of Cd on root cell wall to restrain its transfer to root cell, which was verified by the reduced levels of pectate and protein integrated forms of Cd in root cell. Thus, NH4+-N supply improved immobilization of Cd in roots and alleviated Cd toxicity through integration with pectate and protein as well as cell wall combinations in root of K. obovata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwei Chai
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Rongyu Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxue Shen
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Nora Fung Yee Tam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hon Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qijie Zan
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hon Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ruili Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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Ghasemi S, Siavash Moghaddam S, Rahimi A, Damalas CA, Naji A. Phytomanagement of trace metals in mangrove sediments of Hormozgan, Iran, using gray mangrove (Avicennia marina). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:28195-28205. [PMID: 30073595 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) in root and leaf tissues of the gray mangrove (Avicennia marina) and in corresponding sediment samples were studied. Samples were taken from the inflow/outflow points in two distinct habitats, i.e., the Hara Protected Area and the Azini Bay, of Hormozgan Province in south Iran. Heavy metal concentrations (μg g-1 of dry weight) in the sediments of the Hara Protected Area ranged from 16.0 to 68.0 for Pb, 15.0 to 52.0 for Zn, 9.0 to 27.0 for Cu, and 1.0 to 3.3 for Cd. In the Azini Bay, these concentrations ranged from 7.1 to 27.5 for Pb, 17.1 to 55.9 for Zn, 12.1 to 37.9 for Cu, and 0.2 to 2.3 for Cd. The accumulation trend of heavy metal concentrations in the roots of A. marina was in the order Pb (16.1) > Zn (15.8) > Cu (9.3) > Cd (1.3) μg g-1 of dry weight in the Hara Protected Area and in the order Zn (13.7) > Cu (9.4) > Pb (5.5) > Cd (0.6) μg g-1 of dry weight in the Azini Bay. The value of translocation factor (TLF) was smaller than 1 in both regions. It was estimated from 0.44 to 0.62 in the Hara Protected Area and from 0.51 to 1.01 in the Azini Bay. The enrichment coefficient for root (ECR) varied from 0.32 to 0.93 in the Hara Protected Area and from 0.32 to 0.51 in the Azini Bay. The ratio of heavy metals in leaves/sediments (ECL) also varied from 0.01 to 0.67 in the Hara Protected Area and from 0.01 to 0.47 in the Azini Bay. The enrichment coefficient for leaf (ECL) was always lower than ECR in both regions. Based on the above findings, A. marina can be regarded as an excluder for the heavy metals examined in this study, given its low efficiency in translocating and accumulating the heavy metals in the shoots. Apart from serving as a baseline for the study area, findings could be useful for mitigating heavy metal contamination in these sensitive ecosystems through possible phytomanagement using gray mangrove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Ghasemi
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | | | - Amir Rahimi
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Christos A Damalas
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece.
| | - Abolfazl Naji
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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