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Dodoo D, Appiah G, Acquaah G, Junior TD. Fixed-bed column study for the remediation of the bauxite-liquid residue using acid-activated clays and natural clays. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14310. [PMID: 36950633 PMCID: PMC10025903 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Large amounts of bauxite-liquid residue are generated during the production of aluminium, which has detrimental effects on human and environmental health. Currently, the primary goal of every alumina industry is to improve the wet disposal of bauxite-liquid residues into the environment using eco-friendly and cost-effective methods. Therefore, this study investigated the possibility of treating bauxite-liquid residue with natural clays (NCs) and acid-activated clays (AACs) using a fixed-bed column adsorption study. The chemical compositions and functional groups of clays and bauxite were studied using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. For iron adsorption, breakthrough curves were plotted by varying the adsorbent type in the fixed-bed column. The Bohart-Adams, Thomas, and Yoon-Nelson models were successfully fitted with the breakthrough curves. Two regeneration cycles revealed high regeneration efficiencies for both natural and acid-activated clays. Overall, the study found that AACs were the best candidates for treating bauxite-liquid residue when compared to NCs. For instance, the pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand, turbidity, and total alkalinity of the bauxite-liquid residue were all significantly decreased below tolerance levels by using AACs. The AACs removed 92% of the iron in the bauxite-liquid residue. Lastly, our research shows that AACs can be used as an adsorbent to treat bauxite-liquid residue, making it less hazardous when it is disposed of into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dodoo
- Industrial Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Corresponding author.
| | - Godfred Appiah
- Industrial Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - George Acquaah
- Department of Water and Sanitation, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Thomas Dodoo Junior
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana
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Rajapaksha AU, Selvasembian R, Ashiq A, Gunarathne V, Ekanayake A, Perera VO, Wijesekera H, Mia S, Ahmad M, Vithanage M, Ok YS. A systematic review on adsorptive removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions: Recent advances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:152055. [PMID: 34871684 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of natural resources by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) originating from natural and anthropogenic activities is a serious environmental concern. Although many articles on chromium remediation have been published, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in remediation with different sorbents is not yet available. In this systematic review, the performance and applicability of several adsorptive materials for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous media are discussed, along with a detailed analysis of the mechanisms involved. Statistical analysis is applied to compare the efficacies of different adsorbents, while a similar approach is used to determine the effects of sorbent properties and experimental conditions on the adsorption capacity. A detailed analysis of the factors involved in fixed-bed column studies is also presented. A suitable desorption approach to the regeneration of the spent adsorbent and its adsorption performance in reuse is also examined. Among the different sorbents, nanoparticles and mineral-doped biochar were found to be the most effective sorbents, while the adsorption was higher at low pH (~4.0) than that at intermediate pH (6-8). Contrary to our expectation, adsorption was high for sorbents with low specific surface areas, suggesting that the adsorption of Cr(VI) is largely influenced by the chemical properties of the sorbents. The optimum adsorption in fixed-bed column systems is obtained at a lower Cr(VI) ion concentration, a lower influent flow rate, and a higher bed height. Since most of the studies reviewed herein were merely experimental and utilized ideal conditions with the presence of a single contaminant, i.e. Cr(VI) in water, further studies on adsorption dynamics with the presence of other interfering ions are suggested. This review is promising for the further development of Cr(VI) removal strategies and closes the research gaps pertaining to their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Instrument Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Ahamed Ashiq
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Hydrometallurgy and Environment Laboratory, Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining, Queen's University, 25 Union Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Viraj Gunarathne
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Anusha Ekanayake
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - V O Perera
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Hasintha Wijesekera
- Department of Natural Resources, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
| | - Shamin Mia
- Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Science and Technology, University of Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mahtab Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Ullah R, Ahmad W, Yaseen M, Khan M, Iqbal Khattak M, Mohamed Jan B, Ikram R, Kenanakis G. Fabrication of MNPs/rGO/PMMA Composite for the Removal of Hazardous Cr(VI) from Tannery Wastewater through Batch and Continuous Mode Adsorption. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6923. [PMID: 34832323 PMCID: PMC8620348 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite (MNPs/rGO/PMMA) as adsorbent via an in situ fabrication strategy and, in turn, the application for adsorptive removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from tannery wastewater. The composite material was characterized via XRD, FTIR and SEM analyses. Under batch mode experiments, the composite achieved maximum adsorption of the Cr(VI) ion (99.53 ± 1.4%, i.e., 1636.49 mg of Cr(VI)/150 mg of adsorbent) at pH 2, adsorbent dose of 150 mg/10 mL of solution and 30 min of contact time. The adsorption process was endothermic, feasible and spontaneous and followed a pseudo-2nd order kinetic model. The Cr ions were completely desorbed (99.32 ± 2%) from the composite using 30 mL of NaOH solution (2M); hence, the composite exhibited high efficiency for five consecutive cycles without prominent loss in activity. The adsorbent was washed with distilled water and diluted HCl (0.1M), then dried under vacuum at 60 °C for reuse. The XRD analysis confirmed the synthesis and incorporation of magnetic iron oxide at 2θ of 30.38°, 35.5°, 43.22° and 57.36°, respectively, and graphene oxide (GO) at 25.5°. The FTIR analysids revealed that the composite retained the configurations of the individual components, whereas the SEM analysis indicated that the magnetic Fe3O4-NPs (MNPs) dispersed on the surface of the PMMA/rGO sheets. To anticipate the behavior of breakthrough, the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models were applied to fixed-bed column data, which indicated good agreement with the experimental data. This study evaluates useful reference information for designing a cost-effective and easy-to-use adsorbent for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. Therefore, it can be envisioned as an alternative approach for a variety of unexplored industrial-level operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Ullah
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (R.U.); (M.Y.)
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (R.U.); (M.Y.)
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (R.U.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mansoor Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Mehmood Iqbal Khattak
- Material Science Center (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Badrul Mohamed Jan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Rabia Ikram
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - George Kenanakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira 100, Vasilika Vouton, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
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Vishnu D, Dhandapani B. Evaluation of column studies using Cynodon dactylon plant-mediated amino-grouped silica-layered magnetic nanoadsorbent to remove noxious hexavalent chromium metal ions. IET Nanobiotechnol 2021; 15:402-410. [PMID: 34694711 PMCID: PMC8675818 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are desirable adsorbents because of their unique superparamagnetic nature with the enhanced binding specificity and surface material interaction. The above unique features attract researchers to use it for wider applications. Herein, the study focuses on the amino‐induced silica‐layered magnetic nanoparticles amalgamated with plant‐extracted products of Cynodon dactylon in order to turn them into a potent adsorbing material in a continuous column set up for the elimination of noxiously distributed Cr(VI) ionsin the effluents. The selected plant‐mediated magnetite nanoadsorbent, which was used in the fixed column studies, is optimised with the attributes of inlet concentration, adsorbent bed depth, and flow rate. Thomas, Yoon‐Nelson and bed depth model showed the best experimental fit. Breakthrough adsorption time was reported for the various inlet concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 mg/L, adsorbent bed depths 2, 3 and 4 cm and volumetric flow rates of 4, 5 and 6 mL/min. The breakthrough point evaluated for the optimised attribute of inlet concentration of 100 mg/L, packed adsorbent depth 4 cm and flow rate 4 mL/min was 1400 min and the maximum removal efficiency was 60.6%. A better insight of the adsorption of metal ions for large‐scale industrial effluents is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Vishnu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - Balaji Dhandapani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India
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