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Okamoto H, Taniguchi T, Takekuma M, Mashio AS, Wong KH, Hasegawa H, Nishimura T, Maeda K. Revisiting the Synthesis of Cellulose Acrylate and Its Modification via Michael Addition Reactions. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3767-3774. [PMID: 37490713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of cellulose acrylate from cellulose with acryloyl chloride has been problematic due to unexpected gelation of the reaction mixture, but we discovered that the use of bulky amines was crucial for the reproducibility of the synthesis of cellulose acrylate. The solubility of the obtained cellulose acrylate depended on the reaction conditions due to the possible cross-linking oxa-Michael reaction between a remaining hydroxy group and the introduced acrylate group. The synthesized cellulose acrylate worked as a useful precursor of chemically modified cellulose materials because it reacted with various functionalized nucleophiles such as secondary amines and thiols as a Michael donor. This method was applied to the synthesis of N-methyl-d-glucamine-modified cellulose that works as an adsorbent for the removal of B(OH)3 in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Okamoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Motohiro Takekuma
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Asami S Mashio
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kuo H Wong
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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2
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Pérez O, Schipper N, Bollmark M. Preparative Synthesis of an R P-Guanosine-3',5'-Cyclic Phosphorothioate Analogue, a Drug Candidate for the Treatment of Retinal Degenerations. Org Process Res Dev 2021; 25:2453-2460. [PMID: 34840493 PMCID: PMC8609652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Cyclic guanosine
monophosphorothioate analogue 1a is
currently showing potential as a drug for the treatment of inherited
retinal neurodegenerations. To support ongoing preclinical and clinical
work, we have developed a diastereoselective synthesis via cyclization
and sulfurization of the nucleoside 5′-H-phosphonate
monoester, which affords the desired RP-3′,5′-cyclic phosphorothioate in 9:1 ratio to the
undesired SP-diastereomer. This route
was made viable as a result of the silyl protection sequence used,
which achieved >80% selectivity for 2′,5′-hydroxyls
over 3′,5′-hydroxyls. Finally, the chromatography-free
process allowed for a scale-up, as intermediates and the final product
were isolated by crystallization to give 125 g of 1a (13.8%
total yield) with over 99.9% HPLC purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo Pérez
- Research Institutes of Sweden-Chemical Processes and Pharmaceutical Development, Forskargatan 18 (visitors)/20J (deliveries), 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Sæmundargata 2, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Nicolaas Schipper
- Research Institutes of Sweden-Chemical Processes and Pharmaceutical Development, Forskargatan 18 (visitors)/20J (deliveries), 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Martin Bollmark
- Research Institutes of Sweden-Chemical Processes and Pharmaceutical Development, Forskargatan 18 (visitors)/20J (deliveries), 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
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3
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Featherston AL, Kwon Y, Pompeo MM, Engl OD, Leahy DK, Miller SJ. Catalytic asymmetric and stereodivergent oligonucleotide synthesis. Science 2021; 371:702-707. [PMID: 33574208 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the catalytic stereocontrolled synthesis of dinucleotides. We have demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, that chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalysts control the formation of stereogenic phosphorous centers during phosphoramidite transfer. Unprecedented levels of diastereodivergence have also been demonstrated, enabling access to either phosphite diastereomer. Two different CPA scaffolds have proven to be essential for achieving stereodivergence: peptide-embedded phosphothreonine-derived CPAs, which reinforce and amplify the inherent substrate preference, and C2-symmetric BINOL-derived CPAs, which completely overturn this stereochemical preference. The presently reported catalytic method does not require stoichiometric activators or chiral auxiliaries and enables asymmetric catalysis with readily available phosphoramidites. The method was applied to the stereocontrolled synthesis of diastereomeric dinucleotides as well as cyclic dinucleotides, which are of broad interest in immuno-oncology as agonists of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongseok Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Matthew M Pompeo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Oliver D Engl
- Process Chemistry Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David K Leahy
- Process Chemistry Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Scott J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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5
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Khaled MB, El Mokadem RK, Weaver JD. Hydrogen Bond Directed Photocatalytic Hydrodefluorination: Overcoming Electronic Control. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13092-13101. [PMID: 28837319 PMCID: PMC6069595 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic C-F functionalization of highly fluorinated arenes is a powerful method for accessing functionalized multifluorinated arenes. The decisive step in the determining regioselectivity in fluorine functionalization is fluoride fragmentation from the radical anion of the multifluorinated arene. To date, the availability of regioisomers has been dictated by the innate electronics of the fluorinated arene, limiting the synthetic utility of the chemistry. This study investigates the remarkable ability of a strategically located hydrogen bond to transcend the normal regioselectivity of the C-F functionalization event. A significant rate acceleration is additionally observed for hydrodefluorination of fluorines that can undergo intramolecular hydrogen bonds that form 5-8-membered cycles with moderately acidic N-H's. The hydrogen bond is expected to facilitate the fragmentation not only by bending the C-F bond of the radical anion out of planarity but also by increasing the exothermicity of the fluoride extrusion step through protonation of the naked fluoride. Finally, the synthetic utility of the method is demonstrated in an expedited synthesis of the trifluorinated α-phenyl acetic acid derivative required for the commercial synthesis of Januvia, an antidiabetic drug. This represents the first synthesis of a commercially important multifluorinated arene via a defluorination strategy and is significantly shorter than the current strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad B. Khaled
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | | | - Jimmie D. Weaver
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
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6
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Cai Y, Gui C, Samedov K, Su H, Gu X, Li S, Luo W, Sung HHY, Lam JWY, Kwok RTK, Williams ID, Qin A, Tang BZ. An acidic pH independent piperazine-TPE AIEgen as a unique bioprobe for lysosome tracing. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7593-7603. [PMID: 29568423 PMCID: PMC5848814 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03515b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PIP–TPE’s fluorescence turns on blue due to the large viscosity of lysosomes which restricts intramolecular motions but it red-shifts in the bulk.
Lysosomes are involved in a multitude of cellular processes and their dysfunction is associated with various diseases. They are the most acidic organelles (pH 3.8–6.6, size 0.1–1.2 μm) with the highest viscosity (47–190 cP at 25 °C) in the cell. Because of their acidity, pH dependent non-AIE active fluorescent lysosomal probes have been developed that rely on protonation inhibited photoinduced electron transfer (PET). In this work, an acidic pH independent lysosome targetable piperazine–TPE (PIP–TPE) AIEgen has been designed with unique photophysical properties making it a suitable probe for quantifying viscosity. In a non-aggregated state PIP–TPE shows deep-blue emission as opposed to its yellowish-green emission in the bulk. It possesses high specificity for lysosomes with negligible cytotoxicity and good tracing ability due to its better photostability compared to LysoTracker Red. In contrast to most known lysosome probes that rely solely on PET, restriction of intramolecular motion (RIM) due to the larger viscosity inside the lysosomes is the mechanism responsible for PIP–TPE’s fluorescence. PIP–TPE’s high selectivity is attributed to its unique molecular design that features piperazine fragments providing a perfect balance between lipophilicity and polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjing Cai
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team , State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China . .,Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Chen Gui
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Kerim Samedov
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Huifang Su
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Xinggui Gu
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Shiwu Li
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team , State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Wenwen Luo
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team , State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Herman H Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Anjun Qin
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team , State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team , State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China . .,Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
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Recent advances in H-phosphonate chemistry. Part 1. H-phosphonate esters: synthesis and basic reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2015; 361:137-77. [PMID: 25370520 DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review covers recent progress in the preparation of H-phosphonate mono- and diesters, basic studies on mechanistic and stereochemical aspects of this class of phosphorus compounds, and their fundamental chemistry in terms of transformation of P-H bonds into P-heteroatom bonds. Selected recent applications of H-phosphonate derivatives in basic organic phosphorus chemistry and in the synthesis of biologically important phosphorus compounds are also discussed.
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