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Pastuch-Gawołek G, Gillner D, Król E, Walczak K, Wandzik I. Selected nucleos(t)ide-based prescribed drugs and their multi-target activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172747. [PMID: 31634460 PMCID: PMC7173238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleos(t)ide analogues play pivotal roles as antiviral, cytotoxic or immunosuppressive agents. Here, we review recent reports of nucleoside analogues that exhibit broad-spectrum activity towards multiple life-threatening RNA and DNA viruses. We also present a discussion about nucleoside antimetabolites-approved antineoplastic agents-that have recently been shown to have antiviral and/or antibacterial activity. The approved drugs and drug combinations, as well as recently identified candidates for investigation and/or experimentation, are discussed. Several examples of repurposed drugs that have already been approved for use are presented. This strategy can be crucial for the first-line treatment of acute infections or coinfections and for the management of drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pastuch-Gawołek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Danuta Gillner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewelina Król
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Walczak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ilona Wandzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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Grosjean S, Julienne K, Gouin SG, Deniaud D. Approach to Artificial Nucleosides from Glycoside Isothiocyanates: Synthesis of Original N‐Glycosylated Heterostructures by Cyclocondensation Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Grosjean
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)University of Karlsruhe (TH)
| | | | | | - David Deniaud
- Univ NantesCNRSCEISAM (UMR 6230) F-44000 Nantes France
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Wold WSM, Tollefson AE, Ying B, Spencer JF, Toth K. Drug development against human adenoviruses and its advancement by Syrian hamster models. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:380-388. [PMID: 30916746 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The symptoms of human adenovirus infections are generally mild and self-limiting. However, these infections have been gaining importance in recent years because of a growing number of immunocompromised patients. Solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients are subjected to severe immunosuppressive regimes and cannot efficaciously eliminate virus infections. In these patients, adenovirus infections can develop into deadly multi-organ disseminated disease. Presently, in the absence of approved therapies, physicians rely on drugs developed for other purposes to treat adenovirus infections. As there is a need for anti-adenoviral therapies, researchers have been developing new agents and repurposing existing ones to treat adenovirus infections. There are several small molecule drugs that are being tested for their efficacy against human adenoviruses; some of these have reached clinical trials, while others are still in the preclinical phase. Besides these compounds, research on immunotherapy against adenoviral infection has made significant progress, promising another modality for treatment. The availability of an animal model confirmed the activity of some drugs already in clinical use while proving that others are inactive. This led to the identification of several lead compounds that await further development. In the present article, we review the current status of anti-adenoviral therapies and their advancement by in vivo studies in the Syrian hamster model.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S M Wold
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 1100 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ann E Tollefson
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 1100 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Baoling Ying
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 1100 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacqueline F Spencer
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 1100 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karoly Toth
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 1100 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Synthesis and characterization of stanozolol N-glucuronide metabolites. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Toth K, Spencer JF, Ying B, Tollefson AE, Hartline CB, Richard ET, Fan J, Lyu J, Kashemirov BA, Harteg C, Reyna D, Lipka E, Prichard MN, McKenna CE, Wold WSM. USC-087 protects Syrian hamsters against lethal challenge with human species C adenoviruses. Antiviral Res 2018; 153:1-9. [PMID: 29510156 PMCID: PMC5891362 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (AdV) cause generally mild infections of the respiratory and GI tracts as well as some other tissues. However, AdV can cause serious infection in severely immunosuppressed individuals, especially pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, where mortality rates are up to 80% with disseminated disease. Despite the seriousness of AdV disease, there are no drugs approved specifically to treat AdV infections. We report here that USC-087, an N-alkyl tyrosinamide phosphonate ester prodrug of HPMPA, the adenine analog of cidofovir, is highly effective against multiple AdV types in cell culture. USC-087 is also effective against AdV-C6 in our immunosuppressed permissive Syrian hamster model. In this model, hamsters are immunosuppressed by treatment with high dose cyclophosphamide. Injection of AdV-C6 (or AdV-C5) intravenously leads to a disseminated infection that resembles the disease seen in humans, including death. We have tested the efficacy of orally-administered USC-087 against the median lethal dose of intravenously administered AdV-C6. USC-087 completely prevented or significantly decreased mortality when administered up to 4 days post challenge. USC-087 also prevented or significantly decreased liver damage caused by AdV-C6 infection, and suppressed virus replication even when administered 4 days post challenge. These results imply that USC-087 is a promising candidate for drug development against HAdV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoly Toth
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | | | - Baoling Ying
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Ann E Tollefson
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | | | - Eric T Richard
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jiajun Fan
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jinglei Lyu
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - Cheryl Harteg
- Therapeutic Systems Research Laboratories, Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Dawn Reyna
- Therapeutic Systems Research Laboratories, Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Elke Lipka
- Therapeutic Systems Research Laboratories, Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Mark N Prichard
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | | | - William S M Wold
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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