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Mohamed-Ezzat RA, Elgemeie GH. Novel synthesis of the first new class of triazine sulfonamide thioglycosides and the evaluation of their anti-tumor and anti-viral activities against human coronavirus. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38753464 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2341406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Novel class of triazine sulfonamide thioglycosides was designed and synthesized. Those novel structures comprising three essential and pharmacological significant moieties such as the triazine, sulfonamide, and thioglycosidic scaffolds. The triazine sulfonamides were furnished via a direct approach starting from potassium cyanocarbonimidodithioate, then the corresponding triazine sulfonamide thioglycosides were generated using the peracylated α-d-gluco- and galacto-pyranosyl bromides. Anti-viral evaluation of compounds in vitro against HCoV-229E virus revealed that some compounds possess promising activity. Compounds 4a, 4b, 4d, 6d and 6e indicate from moderate to low antiviral activity against low pathogenic coronavirus 229E in comparison with remdesivir at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Additionally their in vitro anti-proliferative effects against NCI 60 cancer cell lines cell lines were also investigated. Compound 4a, the most potent compound among the estimated compounds, revealed remarkably lowest cell growth promotion against CNS cancer SNB-75, and renal cancer UO-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham A Mohamed-Ezzat
- Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Galal H Elgemeie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Mohamed-Ezzat RA, Elgemeie GH. Novel synthesis of new triazine sulfonamides with antitumor, anti-microbial and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities. BMC Chem 2024; 18:58. [PMID: 38532431 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel approach for synthesizing triazine sulfonamide derivatives is accomplished via reacting the sulfaguanidine derivatives with N-cyanodithioiminocarbonate. Further reaction of the novel triazine sulfonamide analogues with various secondary amines and anilines generated various substituted triazine sulfonamide analogues of promising broad-spectrum activities including anti-microbial, anti-tumor, and anti-viral properties. The in vitro anti-proliferative activities of most of the novel compounds were evaluated on the NCI-60 cell line panel. The antifungal and antibacterial activities of the compounds were also estimated. The anti-viral activity against SARS CoV-2 virus was performed using MTT cytotoxicity assay to evaluate the half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of a representative compound from the novel triazine sulfonamide category. Compound 3a demonstrated potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with IC50 = 2.378 µM as compared to the activity of the antiviral drug remdesivir (IC50 = 10.11 µM). Our results indicate that, upon optimization, these new triazine sulfonamides could potentially serve as novel antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham A Mohamed-Ezzat
- Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Galal H Elgemeie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
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Mohamed-Ezzat RA, Kariuki BM, Elgemeie GH. Synthesis and crystal structure of N-phenyl-2-(phenyl-sulfan-yl)acetamide. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:392-395. [PMID: 38584738 PMCID: PMC10993607 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989024002573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
N-Phenyl-2-(phenyl-sulfan-yl)acetamide, C14H13NOS, was synthesized and structurally characterized. In the crystal, N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding leads to the formation of chains of mol-ecules along the [100] direction. The chains are linked by C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional network. The crystal studied was twinned by a twofold rotation around [100].
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham A. Mohamed-Ezzat
- Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Benson M. Kariuki
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10, 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Galal H. Elgemeie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
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Elgemeie GH, Azzam RA, Zaghary WA, Khedr MA, Elsherif GE. Medicinal Chemistry of Pyrazolopyrimidine Scaffolds Substituted with Different Heterocyclic Nuclei. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3374-3403. [PMID: 36330628 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221102162000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal chemistry of pyrazolopyrimidine scaffolds substituted with different heterocyclic nuclei has attracted great attention due to their wide range of biological activities that have been reported. Pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold is an important privileged heterocycle nucleus in drug discovery. METHODS All pharmacological activities of pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold have been mentioned, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antitubercular, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity agents. In addition, it was used in both osteoporosis and neurological disorders. The difference in potency and bioavailability of pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives refers to the substituent groups that can increase the activity against specific targets and enhance their selectivity. RESULTS This review provides an overview of different synthetic pathways, structure activity relationships, and preclinical studies of pyrazolopyrimidine scaffolds substituted with a variety of heterocyclic nuclei, as well as it provides a discussion on the significant biological findings of these important scaffolds. In addition, it provides some insights on the different macromolecular targets that pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold can effectively work on, such as; cyclin dependent kinases; CDK2, CDK7, and CDK9, checkpoint kinases; CHK1 and CHK2 and their correlation with the anticancer activity, PI3Kα, transient receptor potential canonical 6, B-Raf kinase, Interleukin- 1 receptor-associated kinase 4, B-cell lymphoma 6, TRKA-C kinase, potent kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase, colon cancer cell line (CaCo-2), domain receptor kinase (KDR), HepG-2 carcinoma cell, FLT3. The antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli and antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, A. niger, and A. clavatus are discussed. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview of the different pharmacological activities of the pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold and its correlation with chemical structure. Some exciting new developments in pyrazolopyrimidine scaffolds are also presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal H Elgemeie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Azzam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Zaghary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Khedr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Gihad E Elsherif
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
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Wu Y, Hu S, Wu C, Gu F, Yang Y. Probiotics: Potential Novel Therapeutics Against Fungal Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:793419. [PMID: 35127557 PMCID: PMC8813855 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.793419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The global infection rate of fungal diseases is increasing year by year, and it has gradually become one of the most serious infectious diseases threatening human health. However, the side effects of antifungal drugs and the fungal resistance to these drugs are gradually increasing. Therefore, the development of new broad-spectrum, safe, and economical alternatives to antibacterial drugs are essential. Probiotics are microorganisms that are beneficial for human health. They boost human immunity, resist pathogen colonization, and reduce pathogen infection. Many investigations have shown their inhibitory activity on a wide range of pathogenic fungi. However, their antibacterial mechanism is still a secret. This article reviews the progress of probiotics as a new method for the treatment of fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjian Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xuzhou Tumor Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Changyu Wu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changyu Wu, ; Feng Gu, ; Ying Yang,
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changyu Wu, ; Feng Gu, ; Ying Yang,
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Changyu Wu, ; Feng Gu, ; Ying Yang,
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Howard KC, Dennis EK, Watt DS, Garneau-Tsodikova S. A comprehensive overview of the medicinal chemistry of antifungal drugs: perspectives and promise. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2426-2480. [PMID: 32140691 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00556k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new fungal pathogens makes the development of new antifungal drugs a medical imperative that in recent years motivates the talents of numerous investigators across the world. Understanding not only the structural families of these drugs but also their biological targets provides a rational means for evaluating the merits and selectivity of new agents for fungal pathogens and normal cells. An equally important aspect of modern antifungal drug development takes a balanced look at the problems of drug potency and drug resistance. The future development of new antifungal agents will rest with those who employ synthetic and semisynthetic methodology as well as natural product isolation to tackle these problems and with those who possess a clear understanding of fungal cell architecture and drug resistance mechanisms. This review endeavors to provide an introduction to a growing and increasingly important literature, including coverage of the new developments in medicinal chemistry since 2015, and also endeavors to spark the curiosity of investigators who might enter this fascinatingly complex fungal landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlind C Howard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
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Azzam RA, Osman RR, Elgemeie GH. Efficient Synthesis and Docking Studies of Novel Benzothiazole-Based Pyrimidinesulfonamide Scaffolds as New Antiviral Agents and Hsp90α Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1640-1655. [PMID: 32010839 PMCID: PMC6990646 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel substituted 2-pyrimidylbenzothiazoles incorporating either sulfonamide moieties or the amino group at C2 of the pyrimidine ring were synthesized and evaluated for its antiviral potency. The novel synthesis of the ring system was carried out by reacting guanidine or N-arylsulfonated guanidine with different derivatives of ylidene benzothiazole based on Michael addition pathways. The antiviral activity of the newly synthesized compounds was examined by a plaque reduction assay against HSV-1, CBV4, HAV HM 175, HCVcc genotype 4 viruses, and HAdV7. In the case of HSV-1, it was determined that 5 out of the 21 synthesized compounds exhibited superior viral reduction in the range of 70-90% with significant IC50, CC50, and SI values as compared with acyclovir. In the case of CBV4, nine compounds have shown more than 50% reduction. Comparable results were obtained for seven of these synthesized compounds when evaluated against HAV with only a couple of them showing 50% reduction or more against HCVcc genotype 4. Remarkably, one compound, 9a, has shown broad action against all five examined viruses, rendering it as potentially an effective antiviral agent. The five potent compounds 9a, 9b, 14b, 14g, and 14h against HSV-1 have also presented inhibitory activity against the Hsp90α protein with IC50 in the range of 4.87-10.47 μg/mL. Interestingly, a combination of the potent synthesized compounds with acyclovir led to IC50 values lower than that of acyclovir alone. The potent compounds 9a, 9b, 14b, 14g, and 14h were also docked inside the active site of Hsp90α to assess the interaction pattern between the tested compounds and the active site of the protein.
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Elgemeie GH, Azzam RA, Elsayed RE. Sulfa drug analogs: new classes of N-sulfonyl aminated azines and their biological and preclinical importance in medicinal chemistry (2000–2018). Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
The title compound, C10H11N3O, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P\overline{1} with Z′ = 2. The two independent molecules (A and B) differ in the orientation of the phenyl rings with respect to the plane of the triazine ring, with an interplanar angle of 11.45 (6)° in molecule A and 19.71 (5)° in molecule B, in the opposite sense. In the crystal, classical N—H...N hydrogen bonds cross-link the molecules to form chains parallel to the b axis. Two additional `weak' C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the chains to form layers parallel to (101).
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Azzam RA, Elgemeie GH, Elsayed RE, Jones PG. Crystal structure of N-[6-amino-5-(benzo[ d]thia-zol-2-yl)-3-cyano-4-methyl-sulfanyl-2-oxo-1,2-di-hydro-pyridin-1-yl]-4-methyl-benzene-sulfonamide di-methyl-formamide monosolvate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2017; 73:1820-1822. [PMID: 29250394 PMCID: PMC5730231 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989017015778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C21H17N5O3S3·C3H7NO, the toluene-sulfonamide ring and the combined ring system involving the pyridone and benzo-thia-zole rings subtend an inter-planar angle of 39.86 (4)°. The pyridone and benzo-thiazyl rings are linked by the intra-molecular hydrogen bond N-Hamine⋯Nthia-zole. The DMF O atom accepts two classical hydrogen bonds. The mol-ecules are linked by hydrogen bonds and an S⋯O contact to form layers parallel to the bc plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A. Azzam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Galal H. Elgemeie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha E. Elsayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Elgemeie G, Altalbawy F, Alfaidi M, Azab R, Hassan A. Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial evaluation of novel 5-benzoyl- N-substituted amino- and 5-benzoyl- N-sulfonylamino-4-alkylsulfanyl-2-pyridones. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:3389-3399. [PMID: 29238165 PMCID: PMC5713685 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s149615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present research describes the synthesis of novel 5-benzoyl-N-substituted-amino- and 5-benzoyl-N-sulfonylamino-4-alkylsulfanyl-2-pyridones 5a–c and 6a–c via the reaction of 2-benzoyl-3,3-bis(alkylthio)acrylonitriles 2a–c with N-cyanoacetohydrazide 3 and cyanoaceto-N-phenylsulfonylhydrazide 4, respectively. Also, the reactivity of the compounds 5a–c toward hydrazine hydrate to give product 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine derivative 7 was studied. In addition, the reactivity of the 2a–c toward 1-cyanoacetyl-4 arylidenesemicarbazides 8a–c afforded 3,5-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile derivatives (12–14)a–c, which reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile derivatives 15a–c. The structures of the new products were characterized based on 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, mass-spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The products were screened in vitro for their antibacterial and antifungal activity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Elgemeie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan
| | - Farag Altalbawy
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Biological Sciences, University College of Duba, Tabuk University, Tabuk
| | - Mohammed Alfaidi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University College of Duba, Tabuk University, Tabuk
| | - Rania Azab
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atef Hassan
- Department of Mycology and Mycotoxins, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Azzam RA, Elgemeie GH, Elsayed RE, Jones PG. Crystal structure of N'-[2-(benzo[ d]thia-zol-2-yl)acet-yl]-4-methyl-benzene-sulfono-hydrazide. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS 2017; 73:1041-1043. [PMID: 28775878 PMCID: PMC5499286 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989017008738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, the hydrazide N atom bonded to the C=O group is planar, whereas that bonded to the SO2 group is pyramidally coordinated. The interplanar angle between the ring systems is 40.71 (3)°. In the crystal, molecules are connected by N—H⋯O=C and N—H⋯Nthiazole hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons parallel to the b axis. In the title compound, C16H15N3O3S2, the hydrazide N atom bonded to the C=O group is planar, whereas that bonded to the SO2 group is pyramidally coordinated. The interplanar angle between the ring systems is 40.71 (3)°. Molecules are connected into ribbons parallel to the b axis by two classical hydrogen bonds N—H⋯O=C and N—H⋯Nthiazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Azzam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Galal H Elgemeie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha E Elsayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter G Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Postfach 3329, D-38023 Braunschweig, Germany
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Azzam RA, Elgemeie GH, Ramadan R, Jones PG. Crystal structure of 2-cyano-3,3-bis-(ethyl-sulfan-yl)- N- o-tolyl-acryl-amide. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS 2017; 73:752-754. [PMID: 28529790 PMCID: PMC5418798 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989017005783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C15H18N2OS2, the central S2C=C(CN)C moiety is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.029 Å). The C=O and C-CN groups are trans to each other across their common C-C bond. In the crystal, one classical and two 'weak' hydrogen bonds combine with borderline N⋯N and S⋯S contacts to form layers parallel to (10-2). One ethyl group is disordered over two positions with relative occupancy 0.721/0.279 (7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Azzam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Galal H Elgemeie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rokia Ramadan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter G Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Postfach 3329, D-38023 Braunschweig, Germany
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