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Ferreira MF, Turner A, Vernon EL, Grisolia C, Lebaron-Jacobs L, Malard V, Jha AN. Tritium: Its relevance, sources and impacts on non-human biota. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162816. [PMID: 36921857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tritium (3H) is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen that is abundantly released from nuclear industries. It is extremely mobile in the environment and in all biological systems, representing an increasing concern for the health of both humans and non-human biota (NHB). The present review examines the sources and characteristics of tritium in the environment, and evaluates available information pertaining to its biological effects at different levels of biological organisation in NHB. Despite an increasing number of publications in the tritium radiobiology field, there exists a significant disparity between data available for the different taxonomic groups and species, and observations are heavily biased towards marine bivalves, fish and mammals (rodents). Further limitations relate to the scarcity of information in the field relative to the laboratory, and lack of studies that employ forms of tritium other than tritiated water (HTO). Within these constraints, different responses to HTO exposure, from molecular to behavioural, have been reported during early life stages, but the potential transgenerational effects are unclear. The application of rapidly developing "omics" techniques could help to fill these knowledge gaps and further elucidate the relationships between molecular and organismal level responses through the development of radiation specific adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). The use of a greater diversity of keystone species and exposures to multiple stressors, elucidating other novel effects (e.g., by-stander, germ-line, transgenerational and epigenetic effects) offers opportunities to improve environmental risk assessments for the radionuclide. These could be combined with artificial intelligence (AI) including machine learning (ML) and ecosystem-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Ferreira
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Emily L Vernon
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | | | | | - Veronique Malard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, IPM, F-13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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Yan HB, Liu YT, Li ZY, Wu ZJ, Zhang M, Xue PJ, Liu YL, Wang KZ, He YM, Tu Y, Cui FM, Chen Q. Tritiated Water Induces Toxicity in Human Umbilical Vein Vascular Endothelial Cells via IL8. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820938541. [PMID: 32684872 PMCID: PMC7343372 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820938541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the toxic effects of tritiated water (HTO) on 12 generations (T1-T12) of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We evaluated cellular senescence, interleukin (IL) 8 concentrations, and angiogenesis using β-galactosidase staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and in vitro assays, respectively. The adhesion properties of contaminated cells and differentially expressed genes were assessed using the xCELLigence RTCA SP system and gene chip analysis, respectively. We found that long-term exposure to low levels of HTO can reduce the adhesion of HUVECs to the cellular matrix as well as their angiogenic capacity, while increasing their permeability, senescence, and adhesion to monocytes. Interleukin 8 activated the p38 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathways in HTO-treated cells and hence was identified as a key candidate of biomarker. The present study clarified the toxicity of HTO in vascular endothelial cells and identified IL8 as a novel protective target with important theoretical and practical values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Jun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Long Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yong-Ming He
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Mei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Kelsey-Wall A, Seaman JC, Jagoe CH, Dallas CE, Gaines KF. Rodents as receptor species at a tritium disposal site. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2005; 82:95-104. [PMID: 15829339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2004] [Revised: 12/29/2004] [Accepted: 01/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
New methods are being employed on the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site to deal with the disposal of tritium, including the irrigation of a hardwood/pine forest with tritiated water from an intercepted contaminant plume to reduce concentrations of tritium outcropping into Fourmile Branch, a tributary of the Savannah River. The use of this system has proven to be an effective means of tritium disposal. To evaluate the impact of this activity on terrestrial biota, rodent species were captured on the tritium disposal site and a control site during two trapping seasons in order to assess tritium exposure resulting from the forest irrigation. Control site mice had background levels of tritium, 0.02 Bq/mL, with disposal site mice having significantly higher tritium concentrations, mean=34.86 Bq/mL. Whole body tritium concentrations of the mice captured at the disposal site were positively correlated with tritium application and negatively correlated with precipitation at the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Kelsey-Wall
- The University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA.
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