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Ji W, Wang Y, Liu XX, Li L, Yao H, Zhou Y, Yang BY. Exposure to ambient air pollution and chronic bronchitis: Findings from over 6.6 million adults in northwestern China. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:140993. [PMID: 38141672 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution increases the risk of respiratory mortality and morbidity, but evidence concerning effects of air pollution on chronic bronchitis (CB) is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of a set of air pollutants with the burden of CB, and to explore potential modifiers on the associations. METHODS In 2020, a total of 6,556,440 adults living in the Northwestern region of China were recruited. The Space-Time Extra-Trees model was employed to assess the annual average concentrations of six air pollutants for the three years (2017-2019) before 2020 , and subsequently allocated to the participants based on the latitude and longitude of their home addresses. We investigated the associations between the levels of various air pollutants and the odds of CB using generalized linear mixed models, and conducted multiple sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses. RESULTS The odds of CB displays an approximately linear association with particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10), while it shows a non-linear relationship with gaseous pollutants. In the adjusted model, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for CB per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were 1.297 (1.262-1.332), 1.072 (1.064-1.080), and 2.587 (2.186-3.063), respectively. Furthermore, several additional sensitivity analyses demonstrated the stability of these associations. Subgroup analyses found that the aforementioned associations were greater among participants aged below 50 years old and those who smoked and had no leisure time exercise. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants may increase the odds of CB, especially among younger people and those with unhealthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Ji
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yushan Wang
- Center of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Hua Yao
- Center of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Mettakoonpitak J, Sawatdichai N, Thepnuan D, Siripinyanond A, Henry CS, Chantara S. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for simultaneous detection of oxidative potential and copper in aerosol samples. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:241. [PMID: 37243836 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The potential reach of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics into daily routines for exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Cu in aerosolized particulate matter (PM) demands that microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) take into consideration the simple detection of these toxic PM components. Here, we propose μPADs with a dual-detection system for simultaneous ROS and Cu(II) detection. For colorimetric ROS detection, the glutathione (GSH) assay with a folding design to delay the reaction yielded complete ROS and GSH oxidation, and improved homogeneity of color development relative to using the lateral flow pattern. For electrochemical Cu(II) determination, 1,10-phenanthroline/Nafion modified graphene screen-printed electrodes showed ability to detect Cu(II) down to pg level being low enough to be applied to PM analysis. No intra- and inter-interference affecting both systems were found. The proposed μPADs obtained LODs for 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ), used as the ROS representative, and Cu(II) of 8.3 ng and 3.6 pg, respectively and linear working ranges of 20 to 500 ng for ROS and 1 × 10-2 to 2 × 102 ng for Cu(II). Recovery of the method was between 81.4 and 108.3% for ROS and 80.5-105.3% for Cu(II). Finally, the sensors were utilized for simultaneous ROS and Cu(II) determination in PM samples and the results statistically agreed with those using the conventional methods at 95% confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaruwan Mettakoonpitak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Chantaburi, 22000, Thailand.
| | - Nalatthaporn Sawatdichai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Chantaburi, 22000, Thailand
| | - Duangduean Thepnuan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand
| | - Atitaya Siripinyanond
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Somporn Chantara
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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3
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Airborne Aerosols and Human Health: Leapfrogging from Mass Concentration to Oxidative Potential. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11090917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has been systematically used in epidemiological studies as an indicator of exposure to air pollutants, connecting PM concentrations with a wide variety of human health effects. However, these effects can be hardly explained by using one single parameter, especially because PM is formed by a complex mixture of chemicals. Current research has shown that many of these adverse health effects can be derived from the oxidative stress caused by the deposition of PM in the lungs. The oxidative potential (OP) of the PM, related to the presence of transition metals and organic compounds that can induce the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), could be a parameter to evaluate these effects. Therefore, estimating the OP of atmospheric PM would allow us to evaluate and integrate the toxic potential of PM into a unique parameter, which is related to emission sources, size distribution and/or chemical composition. However, the association between PM and particle-induced toxicity is still largely unknown. In this commentary article, we analyze how this new paradigm could help to deal with some unanswered questions related to the impact of atmospheric PM over human health.
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Lammers A, Janssen NAH, Boere AJF, Berger M, Longo C, Vijverberg SJH, Neerincx AH, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Cassee FR. Effects of short-term exposures to ultrafine particles near an airport in healthy subjects. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 141:105779. [PMID: 32402984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies reported elevated concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFP) near airports. Little is known about the health effects of UFP from aviation. Since UFP can deposit deep into the lungs and other organs, they may cause significant adverse health effects. OBJECTIVE We investigated health effects of controlled short-term human exposure to UFP near a major airport. METHODS In this study, 21 healthy non-smoking volunteers (age range: 18-35 years) were repeatedly (2-5 visits) exposed for 5 h to ambient air near Schiphol Airport, while performing intermittent moderate exercise (i.e. cycling). Pre- to post-exposure changes in cardiopulmonary outcomes (spirometry, forced exhaled nitric oxide, electrocardiography and blood pressure) were assessed and related to total- and size-specific particle number concentrations (PNC), using linear mixed effect models. RESULTS The PNC was on average 53,500 particles/cm3 (range 10,500-173,200). A 5-95th percentile increase in exposure to UFP (i.e. 125,400 particles/cm3) was associated with a decrease in FVC of -73.8 mL (95% CI -138.8 - -0.4) and a prolongation of the corrected QT (QTc) interval by 9.9 ms (95% CI 2.0 - 19.1). These effects were associated with particles < 20 nm (mainly UFP from aviation), but not with particles > 50 nm (mainly UFP from road traffic). DISCUSSION Short-term exposures to aviation-related UFP near a major airport, was associated with decreased lung function (mainly FVC) and a prolonged QTc interval in healthy volunteers. The effects were relatively small, however, they appeared after single exposures of 5 h in young healthy adults. As this study cannot make any inferences about long-term health impacts, appropriate studies investigating potential health effects of long-term exposure to airport-related UFP, are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lammers
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N A H Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A J F Boere
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - M Berger
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Longo
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S J H Vijverberg
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Neerincx
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Maitland-van der Zee
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences at the Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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5
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Chen BY, Chen CH, Chuang YC, Wu YH, Pan SC, Guo YL. Changes in the relationship between ambient fine particle concentrations and childhood lung function over 5 years. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108809. [PMID: 31678729 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient fine particles, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), is a public health concern. Concentrations of ambient PM2.5 have changed temporally in the past 10 years after a series of action policies for improving air quality were implemented in Taiwan. In this study, temporal changes in the relationship between PM2.5 and lung function among children were investigated. METHODS A nationwide respiratory health survey was conducted among Taiwanese elementary and middle school students in 2011 and again in 2016-2017. A questionnaire was administered to students, for whom forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were measured using spirometry. During the study period, monthly concentrations of ambient PM2.5 were obtained from the monitoring stations of the Environmental Protection Administration. Lung function measurements were compared with ambient PM2.5 exposure using mixed-effects models. RESULTS In the 2011 survey (mean PM2.5: 40.6 μg/m3), exposure to PM2.5 in the preceding 1-2 months was associated with a 2.2% decrease (95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.1%, -0.3%) in FVC and a 2.3% decrease (95% CI: -4.0%, -0.5%) in FEV1. By contrast, a significant relationship between PM2.5 concentrations and lung function was not observed in the 2016-2017 survey (mean PM2.5: 30.0 μg/m3). CONCLUSIONS As improvement in air quality over time, the negative relationship between PM2.5 and childhood lung function tend to be not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yu Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chuang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Pan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Oxidative Potential Versus Biological Effects: A Review on the Relevance of Cell-Free/Abiotic Assays as Predictors of Toxicity from Airborne Particulate Matter. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194772. [PMID: 31561428 PMCID: PMC6801578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) in cell-free/abiotic systems have been suggested as a possible measure of their biological reactivity and a relevant exposure metric for ambient air PM in epidemiological studies. The present review examined whether the OP of particles correlate with their biological effects, to determine the relevance of these cell-free assays as predictors of particle toxicity. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant studies published up to May 2019. The main inclusion criteria used for the selection of studies were that they should contain (1) multiple PM types or samples, (2) assessment of oxidative potential in cell-free systems and (3) assessment of biological effects in cells, animals or humans. Results: In total, 50 independent studies were identified assessing both OP and biological effects of ambient air PM or combustion particles such as diesel exhaust and wood smoke particles: 32 in vitro or in vivo studies exploring effects in cells or animals, and 18 clinical or epidemiological studies exploring effects in humans. Of these, 29 studies assessed the association between OP and biological effects by statistical analysis: 10 studies reported that at least one OP measure was statistically significantly associated with all endpoints examined, 12 studies reported that at least one OP measure was significantly associated with at least one effect outcome, while seven studies reported no significant correlation/association between any OP measures and any biological effects. The overall assessment revealed considerable variability in reported association between individual OP assays and specific outcomes, but evidence of positive association between intracellular ROS, oxidative damage and antioxidant response in vitro, and between OP assessed by the dithiothreitol (DDT) assay and asthma/wheeze in humans. There was little support for consistent association between OP and any other outcome assessed, either due to repeated lack of statistical association, variability in reported findings or limited numbers of available studies. Conclusions: Current assays for OP in cell-free/abiotic systems appear to have limited value in predicting PM toxicity. Clarifying the underlying causes may be important for further advancement in the field.
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Cell Type- and Exposure-Specific Modulation of CD63/CD81-Positive and Tissue Factor-Positive Extracellular Vesicle Release in response to Respiratory Toxicants. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5204218. [PMID: 31485294 PMCID: PMC6710792 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5204218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to respiratory stressors increases the risk for pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Previously, we have shown that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) triggers the release of CD63+CD81+ and tissue factor (TF)+ procoagulant extracellular vesicles (EVs) by bronchial epithelial cells via depletion of cell surface thiols. Here, we hypothesized that this represents a universal response for different pulmonary cell types and respiratory exposures. Using bead-based flow cytometry, we found that bronchial epithelial cells and pulmonary fibroblasts, but not pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells or macrophages, release CD63+CD81+ and TF+ EVs in response to CSE. Cell surface thiols decreased in all cell types upon CSE exposure, whereas depletion of cell surface thiols using bacitracin only triggered EV release by epithelial cells and fibroblasts. The thiol-antioxidant NAC prevented the EV induction by CSE in epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Exposure of epithelial cells to occupational silica nanoparticles and particulate matter (PM) from outdoor air pollution also enhanced EV release. Cell surface thiols were mildly decreased and NAC partly prevented the EV induction for PM10, but not for silica and PM2.5. Taken together, induction of procoagulant EVs is a cell type-specific response to CSE. Moreover, induction of CD63+CD81+ and TF+ EVs in bronchial epithelial cells appears to be a universal response to various respiratory stressors. TF+ EVs may serve as biomarkers of exposure and/or risk in response to respiratory exposures and may help to guide preventive treatment decisions.
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Bates JT, Fang T, Verma V, Zeng L, Weber RJ, Tolbert PE, Abrams JY, Sarnat SE, Klein M, Mulholland JA, Russell AG. Review of Acellular Assays of Ambient Particulate Matter Oxidative Potential: Methods and Relationships with Composition, Sources, and Health Effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4003-4019. [PMID: 30830764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a potential mechanism of action for particulate matter (PM) toxicity and can occur when the body's antioxidant capacity cannot counteract or detoxify harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to an excess presence of ROS. ROS are introduced to the body via inhalation of PM with these species present on and/or within the particles (particle-bound ROS) and/or through catalytic generation of ROS in vivo after inhaling redox-active PM species (oxidative potential, OP). The recent development of acellular OP measurement techniques has led to a surge in research across the globe. In this review, particle-bound ROS techniques are discussed briefly while OP measurements are the focus due to an increasing number of epidemiologic studies using OP measurements showing associations with adverse health effects in some studies. The most common OP measurement techniques, including the dithiothreitol assay, glutathione assay, and ascorbic acid assay, are discussed along with evidence for utility of OP measurements in epidemiologic studies and PM characteristics that drive different responses between assay types (such as species composition, emission source, and photochemistry). Overall, most OP assays respond to metals like copper than can be found in emission sources like vehicles. Some OP assays respond to organics, especially photochemically aged organics, from sources like biomass burning. Select OP measurements have significant associations with certain cardiorespiratory end points, such as asthma, congestive heart disease, and lung cancer. In fact, multiple studies have found that exposure to OP measured using the dithiothreitol and glutathione assays drives higher risk ratios for certain cardiorespiratory outcomes than PM mass, suggesting OP measurements may be integrating the health-relevant fraction of PM and will be useful tools for future health analyses. The compositional impacts, including species and emission sources, on OP could have serious implications for health-relevant PM exposure. Though more work is needed, OP assays show promise for health studies as they integrate the impacts of PM species and properties on catalytic redox reactions into one measurement, and current work highlights the importance of metals, organic carbon, vehicles, and biomass burning emissions to PM exposures that could impact health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine T Bates
- Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Ting Fang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Irvine , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Vishal Verma
- Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign , Illinois 61820 , United States
| | - Linghan Zeng
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Rodney J Weber
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Paige E Tolbert
- Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Joseph Y Abrams
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta , Georgia 30329 , United States
| | - Stefanie E Sarnat
- Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Mitchel Klein
- Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - James A Mulholland
- Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Armistead G Russell
- Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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Influence of Particulate Matter during Seasonal Smog on Quality of Life and Lung Function in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16010106. [PMID: 30609775 PMCID: PMC6339110 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The impact of outdoor air pollution on the quality of life (QoL) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, as measured by the COPD assessment test (CAT) questionnaire, is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a short-term increase in outdoor particulate matter in which the particles are less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) during a seasonal smog period on QoL, symptoms, and lung function in COPD patients. This prospective observational study was conducted at Chiang Dao Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand between March and August 2016. Measurement of QoL, severity of dyspnea, forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁) were performed at both high and low PM10 periods. Fifty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria for enrollment into the study, with the mean age being 71.5 ± 8.0 years. Total CAT score, but not mMRC score, was statistically higher during the high PM10 period. The two lung function parameters, FVC and FEV₁, were significantly lower at the high PM10 compared to the low PM10 period. We concluded that exposure to PM10 during the seasonal smog period resulted in short-term negative impact on the quality of life and lung function in COPD patients.
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10
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Rush B, McDermid RC, Celi LA, Walley KR, Russell JA, Boyd JH. Association between chronic exposure to air pollution and mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:352-356. [PMID: 28202265 PMCID: PMC5683074 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The impact of chronic exposure to air pollution and outcomes in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is unknown. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2011 was utilized for this analysis. The NIS is a national database that captures 20% of all US in-patient hospitalizations from 47 states. Patients with ARDS who underwent mechanical ventilation from the highest 15 ozone pollution cities were compared with the rest of the country. Secondary analyses assessed outcomes of ARDS patients for ozone pollution and particulate matter pollution on a continuous scale by county of residence. A total of 8,023,590 hospital admissions from the 2011 NIS sample were analyzed. There were 93,950 patients who underwent mechanical ventilation for ARDS included in the study. Patients treated in high ozone regions had significantly higher unadjusted hospital mortality (34.9% versus 30.8%, p < 0.01) than patients in cities with control levels of ozone. After controlling for all variables in the model, treatment in a hospital located in a high ozone pollution area was associated with an increased odds of in-hospital mortality (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.08-1.15, p < 0.01). After adjustment for all variables in the model, for each increase in ozone exposure by 0.01 ppm the OR for death was 1.07 (95% CI 1.06-1.08, p < 0.01). Similarly, for each increase in particulate matter exposure by 10 μg/m3, the OR for death was 1.08 (95% CI 1.02-1.16, p < 0.01). Chronic exposure to both ozone and particulate matter pollution is associated with higher rates of mortality in ARDS. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed by further detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barret Rush
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Robert C McDermid
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC, Canada.
| | | | - Keith R Walley
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - James A Russell
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - John H Boyd
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Abstract
Air pollution is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, particularly in individuals with existing lung disease. Of the most common air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is associated with an increased risk of exacerbations and respiratory symptoms in individuals with existing lung disease, and to a lesser extent, in those without known respiratory issues. The majority of published research has focused on the effects of PM exposures on symptoms and health care utilization. Fewer studies focus on the impact of PM on objective measurements of pulmonary function. This review will focus on the effects of PM exposure on objective measurements of lung function in both healthy individuals and those with existing lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Paulin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224-6801, USA
| | - Nadia Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224-6801, USA
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12
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Bates JT, Weber RJ, Abrams J, Verma V, Fang T, Klein M, Strickland MJ, Sarnat SE, Chang HH, Mulholland JA, Tolbert PE, Russell AG. Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Linked to Sources of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Cardiorespiratory Effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:13605-12. [PMID: 26457347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality, but the mechanisms are not well understood. We assess the hypothesis that PM2.5 induces oxidative stress in the body via catalytic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A dithiothreitol (DTT) assay was used to measure the ROS-generation potential of water-soluble PM2.5. Source apportionment on ambient (Atlanta, GA) PM2.5 was performed using the chemical mass balance method with ensemble-averaged source impact profiles. Linear regression analysis was used to relate PM2.5 emission sources to ROS-generation potential and to estimate historical levels of DTT activity for use in an epidemiologic analysis for the period of 1998-2009. Light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGV) exhibited the highest intrinsic DTT activity, followed by biomass burning (BURN) and heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDV) (0.11 ± 0.02, 0.069 ± 0.02, and 0.052 ± 0.01 nmol min(-1) μg(-1)source, respectively). BURN contributed the largest fraction to total DTT activity over the study period, followed by LDGV and HDDV (45, 20, and 14%, respectively). DTT activity was more strongly associated with emergency department visits for asthma/wheezing and congestive heart failure than PM2.5. This work provides further epidemiologic evidence of a biologically plausible mechanism, that of oxidative stress, for associations of adverse health outcomes with PM2.5 mass and supports continued assessment of the utility of the DTT activity assay as a measure of ROS-generating potential of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vishal Verma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
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Chen CH, Chan CC, Chen BY, Cheng TJ, Leon Guo Y. Effects of particulate air pollution and ozone on lung function in non-asthmatic children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 137:40-8. [PMID: 25486544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Information on the long-term effects of different air pollutant levels on lung function is relatively lacking in Asia and still inconclusive in the world. Age differential effects of air pollution are not known. OBJECTIVES To assess the acute and subchronic effects of ambient air pollution on lung function and compared among children of different ages. METHODS From April to May 2011, a nationwide study was conducted on schoolchildren aged 6-15 years in 44 schools of 24 districts in Taiwan. Spirograms were obtained from 1494 non-asthmatic children. Air pollution data were retrieved from air monitoring stations within one kilometre of the schools. Using three-level hierarchical linear models, individual lung function was fitted to air pollution, with adjustments for demographics, indoor exposures, outdoor activity, and districts. RESULTS Lung function changes per inter-quartile increase of the past two-months average levels of particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ozone (12 μg/m(3), 32-44 and 6.7 ppb, 32-38, respectively) were -103 and -142 ml on FVC, -86 and -131 on FEV1, and -102 and -188 ml/s on MMEF, respectively. Lag-1-day ozone exposure was associated with decreased MMEF. In children aged 6-10, PM2.5 was associated with decreased FEV1/FVC and MMEF/FVC ratios. CONCLUSIONS In children aged 6-15 years, sub-chronic exposure to ambient PM2.5 and ozone leads to reduced lung capacity, whereas acute exposure to ozone decreases mid-expiratory flow. In children aged 6-10 years, additional airway obstructive patterns in lung function may be associated with PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsien Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yu Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Morales E, Garcia-Esteban R, Asensio de la Cruz O, Basterrechea M, Lertxundi A, Martinez López de Dicastillo MD, Zabaleta C, Sunyer J. Intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to outdoor air pollution and lung function at preschool age. Thorax 2014; 70:64-73. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Møller P, Danielsen PH, Karottki DG, Jantzen K, Roursgaard M, Klingberg H, Jensen DM, Christophersen DV, Hemmingsen JG, Cao Y, Loft S. Oxidative stress and inflammation generated DNA damage by exposure to air pollution particles. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 762:133-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ghio AJ, Carraway MS, Madden MC. Composition of air pollution particles and oxidative stress in cells, tissues, and living systems. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2012; 15:1-21. [PMID: 22202227 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2012.632359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrated an association between increased levels of ambient air pollution particles and human morbidity and mortality. Production of oxidants, either directly by the air pollution particles or by the host response to the particles, appears to be fundamental in the biological effects seen after exposure to particulate matter (PM). However, the precise components and mechanisms responsible for oxidative stress following PM exposure are yet to be defined. Direct oxidant generation by air pollution particles is attributed to organic and metal components. Organic compounds generate an oxidative stress through redox cycling of quinone-based radicals, by complexing of metal resulting in electron transport, and by depletion of antioxidants by reactions between quinones and thiol-containing compounds. Metals directly support electron transport to generate oxidants and also diminish levels of antioxidants. In addition to direct generation of oxidants by organic and metal components, cellular responses contribute to oxidative stress after PM exposure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production occurs in the mitochondria, cell membranes, phagosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum. Oxidative stress following PM exposure initiates a series of cellular reactions that includes activation of kinase cascades and transcription factors and release of inflammatory mediators, which ultimately lead to cell injury or apoptosis. Consequently, oxidative stress in cells and tissues is a central mechanism by which PM exposure leads to injury, disease, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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Sisenando HA, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR, Saldiva PHN, Artaxo P, Hacon SS. Genotoxic potential generated by biomass burning in the Brazilian Legal Amazon by Tradescantia micronucleus bioassay: a toxicity assessment study. Environ Health 2011; 10:41. [PMID: 21575274 PMCID: PMC3118318 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-10-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Brazilian Amazon has suffered impacts from non-sustainable economic development, especially owing to the expansion of agricultural commodities into forest areas. The Tangará da Serra region, located in the southern of the Legal Amazon, is characterized by non-mechanized sugar cane production. In addition, it lies on the dispersion path of the pollution plume generated by biomass burning. The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic potential of the atmosphere in the Tangará da Serra region, using Tradescantia pallida as in situ bioindicator. METHODS The study was conducted during the dry and rainy seasons, where the plants were exposed to two types of exposure, active and passive. RESULTS The results showed that in all the sampling seasons, irrespective of exposure type, there was an increase in micronucleus frequency, compared to control and that it was statistically significant in the dry season. A strong and significant relationship was also observed between the increase in micronucleus incidence and the rise in fine particulate matter, and hospital morbidity from respiratory diseases in children. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, we demonstrated that pollutants generated by biomass burning in the Brazilian Amazon can induce genetic damage in test plants that was more prominent during dry season, and correlated with the level of particulates and elevated respiratory morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert A Sisenando
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública - ENSP, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, UFF, Niterói, CEP: 24033-900, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo HN Saldiva
- Departamento de Patologia, USP, São Paulo, CEP: 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, USP, São Paulo, CEP: 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra S Hacon
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública - ENSP, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
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Eisner MD, Anthonisen N, Coultas D, Kuenzli N, Perez-Padilla R, Postma D, Romieu I, Silverman EK, Balmes JR. An official American Thoracic Society public policy statement: Novel risk factors and the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182:693-718. [PMID: 20802169 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200811-1757st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Although cigarette smoking is the most important cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a substantial proportion of COPD cases cannot be explained by smoking alone. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the risk factors for COPD besides personal cigarette smoking. METHODS We constituted an ad hoc subcommittee of the American Thoracic Society Environmental and Occupational Health Assembly. An international group of members was invited, based on their scientific expertise in a specific risk factor for COPD. For each risk factor area, the committee reviewed the literature, summarized the evidence, and developed conclusions about the likelihood of it causing COPD. All conclusions were based on unanimous consensus. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The population-attributable fraction for smoking as a cause of COPD ranged from 9.7 to 97.9%, but was less than 80% in most studies, indicating a substantial burden of disease attributable to nonsmoking risk factors. On the basis of our review, we concluded that specific genetic syndromes and occupational exposures were causally related to the development of COPD. Traffic and other outdoor pollution, secondhand smoke, biomass smoke, and dietary factors are associated with COPD, but sufficient criteria for causation were not met. Chronic asthma and tuberculosis are associated with irreversible loss of lung function, but there remains uncertainty about whether there are important phenotypic differences compared with COPD as it is typically encountered in clinical settings. CONCLUSIONS In public health terms, a substantive burden of COPD is attributable to risk factors other than smoking. To prevent COPD-related disability and mortality, efforts must focus on prevention and cessation of exposure to smoking and these other, less well-recognized risk factors.
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Møller P, Jacobsen NR, Folkmann JK, Danielsen PH, Mikkelsen L, Hemmingsen JG, Vesterdal LK, Forchhammer L, Wallin H, Loft S. Role of oxidative damage in toxicity of particulates. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1-46. [PMID: 19886744 DOI: 10.3109/10715760903300691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Particulates are small particles of solid or liquid suspended in liquid or air. In vitro studies show that particles generate reactive oxygen species, deplete endogenous antioxidants, alter mitochondrial function and produce oxidative damage to lipids and DNA. Surface area, reactivity and chemical composition play important roles in the oxidative potential of particulates. Studies in animal models indicate that particles from combustion processes (generated by combustion of wood or diesel oil), silicate, titanium dioxide and nanoparticles (C60 fullerenes and carbon nanotubes) produce elevated levels of lipid peroxidation products and oxidatively damaged DNA. Biomonitoring studies in humans have shown associations between exposure to air pollution and wood smoke particulates and oxidative damage to DNA, deoxynucleotides and lipids measured in leukocytes, plasma, urine and/or exhaled breath. The results indicate that oxidative stress and elevated levels of oxidatively altered biomolecules are important intermediate endpoints that may be useful markers in hazard characterization of particulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Veras MM, Caldini EG, Dolhnikoff M, Saldiva PHN. Air pollution and effects on reproductive-system functions globally with particular emphasis on the Brazilian population. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2010; 13:1-15. [PMID: 20336577 DOI: 10.1080/10937401003673800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous studies showed that exposure to environmental air pollutants affected reproductive functions and, in particular, produced adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes, fertility, and fetal health. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that exposure to ambient levels of air pollutants are associated with low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, neonatal death, and decreased fertility in males. Experimental animal data supported these findings and indicated that female fertility was also disturbed. Although there are various mechanisms of action suggested to show the manner in which air pollutants alter pregnancy and the reproductive systems in both genders, further studies are needed to correlate causal relationships. This information would serve to better understand the underlying physiologic changes in the reproductive system induced by exposure to air pollutants and possibly establish a link between the dose and response of individual or mixture of air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Matera Veras
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo
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Repine JE, Reiss OK, Elkins N, Chughtai AR, Smith DM. Effects of fine carbonaceous particles containing high and low unpaired electron spin densities on lungs of female mice. Transl Res 2008; 152:185-93. [PMID: 18940721 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The negative impacts on human health that accompany inhalation of atmospheric particles are documented in numerous epidemiologic studies, but the effect of specific chemical properties of the particles is generally unknown. We developed and employed technology for generating inhalable aerosols of carbonaceous air pollution particles that have specific physical and chemical properties. We find that inhaling particles with greater unpaired electron spin (free radical) densities stimulates greater lung inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. Cultured alveolar macrophages take up more particles of greater free radical content, develop mitochondrial abnormalities, and release more leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) than alveolar macrophages exposed to lesser free-radical-containing particles in vitro. Mice exposed to high free radical particles in vivo also develop mitochondrial abnormalities in alveolar macrophages and increased oxidative stress, which is reflected by increases in lung nitrotyrosine staining and lung lavage nitrogen oxide levels compared with those of lesser free radical density. These results provide insight for the unexplained geographic differences and have implications for fossil fuel combustion conditions and the impact of fine particles on health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Repine
- Webb-Waring Institute for Cancer, Aging, and Antioxidant Research, University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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Abstract
Lung function is an important measure of respiratory health and a predictor of cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. Over the past 2 decades, more than 50 publications have investigated long-term effects of ambient air pollution on lung function with most finding adverse effects. Several studies have also suggested effects from traffic-related air pollution. There is strong support for air pollution effects on the development of lung function in children and adolescents. It remains unclear whether subjects with slower development of lung function compensate by prolonging the growth phase, or whether they end their development at a lower plateau, thus entering the decline phase with a reduced lung function. In adults, the evidence for long-term air pollution effects is mostly based on cross-sectional comparisons. One recent longitudinal study observed that decreasing pollution attenuated the decline of lung function in adults. Earlier inconclusive cohort studies were based on limited data. There is great diversity in study designs, markers of air pollution, approaches to the measurement of exposure, and choices in lung function measures. These limit the comparability of studies and impede quantitative summaries. New studies should use individual-level exposure assessment to clarify the role of traffic and to preclude potential community-level confounding. Further research is needed on the relevance of specific pollution sources, particularly with regard to susceptible populations and relevant exposure periods throughout life.
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Concentrations of toxic heavy metals in ambient particulate matter in an industrial area of northeastern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-008-0040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sevastyanova O, Novakova Z, Hanzalova K, Binkova B, Sram RJ, Topinka J. Temporal variation in the genotoxic potential of urban air particulate matter. Mutat Res 2007; 649:179-86. [PMID: 18053759 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to compare the genotoxic potential of organic extracts from urban air particles collected in three different sampling periods in the center of Prague (Czech Republic). For this purpose, we analyzed the DNA adduct forming activity of extractable organic matter (EOM) from urban air particles <10 microm (PM10) in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. DNA adducts were analyzed by (32)P-postlabelling with nuclease P1 enrichment. PM10 concentrations were 36.9 microg/m(3), 62.6mug/m(3) and 39.0 microg/m(3), in summer 2000, winter 2001 and winter 2005, respectively. The corresponding EOM contents were 5.0 microg/m(3) (13.9% of PM10), 14.9 microg/m(3) (23.8%) and 6.7 microg/m(3) (17.2%). The total DNA adduct levels induced by 10 microg EOM/ml were 4.7, 19.5 and 37.2 adducts/10(8) nucleotides in summer 2000, winter 2001 and winter 2005, respectively. However, when the EOM quantities per cubic meter of air were taken into consideration, the summer sample exhibited a 10-fold lower genotoxicity than did those of winter, while the difference between the winter samples was not significant: 23.4 in summer 2000, 291 in winter 2001 and 249 in winter 2005 (in relative units). Although the PM10 concentration in air and the EOM content in particles in winter 2005 were significantly lower than in winter 2001, the genotoxic potential of the ambient air in these samples was almost equal. There were significant positive correlations between the B[a]P and c-PAH content in EOM from various sampling periods and the total DNA adduct levels detected in the EOM-treated samples. These findings support the hypothesis that the B[a]P and c-PAH content in EOM is the most important factor that determines its genotoxic potential. Thus, estimating the genotoxic potential of the ambient air and predicting health risk should be based mainly on the c-PAH concentration and the biological activity of the extracts, while the mass of particles and the EOM content do not seem to be crucial determinants of ambient air genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sevastyanova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, vvi and Health Institute of Central Bohemia, Vídenská 1083, Prague, Czech Republic
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See SW, Wang YH, Balasubramanian R. Contrasting reactive oxygen species and transition metal concentrations in combustion aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2007; 103:317-24. [PMID: 17011545 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2006.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Revised: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 10 transition metals (Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ti, V and Zn) in both the acid-soluble and water-soluble fractions of fine particles of combustion origin were determined. ROS was analyzed using the dichlorofluorescin fluorescence technique. Particles emitted from on-road vehicles, gas cooking, incense burning, and cigarette smoke were characterized along with those in the background air of outdoor and indoor environments. In addition, this study evaluated the possible relationships between ROS and individual transition metals. It is found that cigarette smoke which had the highest concentration of metals also contained the highest concentration of ROS. Regression analysis performed showed that water-soluble metals including Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni showed better correlation with ROS concentration as compared to acid-soluble (total) metals. The findings demonstrated that water-soluble metals could be one of the species influencing ROS formation in ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W See
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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