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Bianchini MC, Soares LFW, Sousa JMFM, Ramborger BP, Gayer MC, Bridi JC, Roehrs R, Pinton S, Aschner M, Ávila DS, Puntel RL. MeHg exposure impairs both the catecholaminergic and cholinergic systems resulting in motor and non-motor behavioral changes in Drosophila melanogaster. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110121. [PMID: 35995257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to the natural environmental contaminant methylmercury (MeHg) has been associated to adverse health effects. Importantly, the mechanisms by which this organomercurial exerts its neurotoxicity have yet to be fully clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to MeHg alters dopamine (DA) and octopamine (OA) levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and impacts both motor and non-motor behaviours. We studied the effect of MeHg by feeding 1-2 d old flies (male and females) with 25 and 50 μM MeHg for 4 d and determined effects on survival, motor and non-motor behaviours, oxidative stress, AChE and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activities, as well as DA and OA levels. We found that Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) exposed to MeHg showed a reduction in survival rate, associated with the inhibition of AChE and TH activities in head of flies and decreased DA and OA levels. These changes were accompanied by behavioural alterations, such as locomotor deficit and increased grooming behaviour, in addition to an increase in oxidative stress markers both in head and in body of flies, and an increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in head of flies. Collectively, our data support the hypothesis that MeHg neurotoxicity is associated with altered OA and DA levels, AChE inhibition, which may serve, at least in part, as the underpinnings of both motor and non-motor behavioural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus C Bianchini
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz F W Soares
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - João M F M Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna P Ramborger
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Mateus C Gayer
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessika C Bridi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roehrs
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Pinton
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, NY, United States
| | - Daiana S Ávila
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Robson L Puntel
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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Lu C, Lv J, Dong L, Jiang N, Wang Y, Wang Q, Li Y, Chen S, Fan B, Wang F, Liu X. Neuroprotective effects of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) on scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1056-1063. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC); Beijing 100193 China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); Beijing 100193 China
| | - Jingwei Lv
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC); Beijing 100193 China
| | - Liming Dong
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC); Beijing 100193 China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC); Beijing 100193 China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); Beijing 100193 China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Affiliated TCM Hospital/School of Pharmacy/Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center; Southwest Medical University; Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Yinghui Li
- National Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering/The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application; China Astronaut Research and Training Center; Beijing 100094 China
| | - Shanguang Chen
- National Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering/The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application; China Astronaut Research and Training Center; Beijing 100094 China
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); Beijing 100193 China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC); Beijing 100193 China
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20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) alleviates scopolamine-induced memory impairment via regulation of cholinergic and antioxidant systems, and expression of Egr-1, c-Fos and c-Jun in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 279:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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He D, Wu H, Wei Y, Liu W, Huang F, Shi H, Zhang B, Wu X, Wang C. Effects of harmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on spatial learning and memory of APP/PS1 transgenic mice and scopolamine-induced memory impairment mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 768:96-107. [PMID: 26526348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid present in Peganum harmala with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, has been shown to exert strong inhibition against acetylcholinesterase in vitro. However, whether it can rescue the impaired cognition has not been elucidated yet. In current study, we examined its effects on scopolamine-induced memory impairment mice and APP/PS1 transgenic mice, one of the models for Alzheimer's disease, using Morris Water Maze test. In addition, whether harmine could penetrate blood brain barrier, interact with and inhibit acetylcholinesterase, and activate downstream signaling network was also investigated. Our results showed that harmine (20mg/kg) administered by oral gavage for 2 weeks could effectively enhance the spatial cognition of C57BL/6 mice impaired by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (1mg/kg). Meanwhile, long-term consumption of harmine (20mg/kg) for 10 weeks also slightly benefited the impaired memory of APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, harmine could pass through blood brain barrier, penetrate into the brain parenchyma shortly after oral administration, and modulate the expression of Egr-1, c-Jun and c-Fos. Molecular docking assay disclosed that harmine molecule could directly dock into the catalytic active site of acetylcholinesterase, which was partially confirmed by its in vivo inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase. Taken together, all these results suggested that harmine could ameliorate impaired memory by enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission via inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase, which may contribute to its clinical use in the therapy of neurological diseases characterized with acetylcholinesterase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan He
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wu
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wei
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Huang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China.
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M1 muscarinic receptor activation mediates cell death in M1-HEK293 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72011. [PMID: 24023725 PMCID: PMC3759376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HEK293 cells have been used extensively to generate stable cell lines to study G protein-coupled receptors, such as muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The activation of M1 mAChRs in various cell types in vitro has been shown to be protective. To further investigate M1 mAChR-mediated cell survival, we generated stable HEK293 cell-lines expressing the human M1 mAChR. M1 mAChRs were efficiently expressed at the cell surface and efficiently internalised within 1 h by carbachol. Carbachol also induced early signalling cascades similar to previous reports. Thus, ectopically expressed M1 receptors behaved in a similar fashion to the native receptor over short time periods of analysis. However, substantial cell death was observed in HEK293-M1 cells within 24 h after carbachol application. Death was only observed in HEK cells expressing M1 receptors and fully blocked by M1 antagonists. M1 mAChR-stimulation mediated prolonged activation of the MEK-ERK pathway and resulted in prolonged induction of the transcription factor EGR-1 (>24 h). Blockade of ERK signalling with U0126 did not reduce M1 mAChR-mediated cell-death significantly but inhibited the acute induction of EGR-1. We investigated the time-course of cell death using time-lapse microscopy and xCELLigence technology. Both revealed the M1 mAChR cytotoxicity occurs within several hours of M1 activation. The xCELLigence assay also confirmed that the ERK pathway was not involved in cell-death. Interestingly, the MEK blocker did reduce carbachol-mediated cleaved caspase 3 expression in HEK293-M1 cells. The HEK293 cell line is a widely used pharmacological tool for studying G-protein coupled receptors, including mAChRs. Our results highlight the importance of investigating the longer term fate of these cells in short term signalling studies. Identifying how and why activation of the M1 mAChR signals apoptosis in these cells may lead to a better understanding of how mAChRs regulate cell-fate decisions.
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Charoenying T, Suriyo T, Thiantanawat A, Chaiyaroj SC, Parkpian P, Satayavivad J. Effects of paraoxon on neuronal and lymphocytic cholinergic systems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 31:119-128. [PMID: 21787676 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 09/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic system in lymphocytes is hypothesized to be a key target for neurotoxic organophosphates (OPs). The present study determined the comparative effects of paraoxon, the active metabolite of OP-parathion, which is detected in the human neuroblastoma line, SH-SY5Y, and leukemic T-lymphocytes, MOLT-3, in vitro. Paraoxon induced cytotoxic effects in a dose- and time-dependent manner in both cells. Further, the paraoxon-induced modulatory effects were comparable despite different cell types, including over-expression of N-terminus acetylcholinesterase (N-AChE) protein, a marker of apoptosis, down-regulations of mRNA encoding M1, M2, and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), and induction in expression of c-Fos gene, an indication of certain mAChR subtype(s) activation. Furthermore, the non-selective cholinergic antagonist atropine partially attenuated the paraoxon-induced N-AChE and c-Fos activations in both types of cells. These results provide initial and additional information that OPs may similarly induce neuro- and immuno-toxic effects through mAChRs activation, and they underline the potential of using lymphocytes for assessing OPs-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvisith Charoenying
- Inter-University Program in Environmental Toxicology, Technology, and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Mahidol University, and Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Liu T, Xie C, Chen X, Zhao F, Liu AM, Cho DB, Chong J, Yang PC. Role of muscarinic receptor activation in regulating immune cell activity in nasal mucosa. Allergy 2010; 65:969-77. [PMID: 19951374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of airway inflammatory disorders keeps rising; its pathogenic mechanism is still not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the role of muscarinic receptor (M receptor) in regulating the immune cell activity in nasal mucosa by using surgical removed nasal mucosa from patients with nasal polyposis (NP) as a study platform. METHODS Human nasal mucosal sample was collected from inferior turbinectomy of 86 patients with NP or/and allergic rhinitis. Expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), M receptor, OX40 ligand was measured in nasal mucosa by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting assay. RESULTS When compared with non-NP (nNP) nasal mucosa, contents of TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha+ cells markedly increased in NP nasal mucosa; immune staining colocalized M3 receptor+ and TNF-alpha+ cells in NP nasal mucosa; exposure of isolated CD4+ T cells to methacholine induced the release of TNF-alpha. We also found CD11c+/M3 receptor+ cells in NP nasal mucosa. Methacholine increased the expression of OX40L in dendritic cells. Staphylococcal (S) aureus and S. enterotoxin B (SEB) were detected in NP nasal mucosa. Exposure of dendritic cells or naïve CD4+ T cells to SEB initiated the expression of M3 receptor at mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS The present data demonstrate that parasympathetic activity has the capacity to activate dendritic cells to release OX40 ligand, the latter induces CD4+ T cells to produce IL-4 and TNF-alpha that may further contribute to the pathogenesis of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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The M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor third intracellular loop regulates receptor function and oligomerization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:813-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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