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Lee CE, Rezaee F. Nanoparticles and Airway Epithelial Cells: Exploring the Impacts and Methodologies in Toxicity Assessment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7885. [PMID: 39063127 PMCID: PMC11277209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The production of nanoparticles has recently surged due to their varied applications in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, textile, and electronic sectors. However, this rapid increase in nanoparticle manufacturing has raised concerns about environmental pollution, particularly its potential adverse effects on human health. Among the various concerns, inhalation exposure to nanoparticles poses significant risks, especially affecting the respiratory system. Airway epithelial cells play a crucial role as the primary defense against inhaled particulate matter and pathogens. Studies have shown that nanoparticles can disrupt the airway epithelial barrier, triggering inflammatory responses, generating reactive oxygen species, and compromising cell viability. However, our understanding of how different types of nanoparticles specifically impact the airway epithelial barrier remains limited. Both in vitro cell culture and in vivo murine models are commonly utilized to investigate nanoparticle-induced cellular responses and barrier dysfunction. This review discusses the methodologies frequently employed to assess nanoparticle toxicity and barrier disruption. Furthermore, we analyze and compare the distinct effects of various nanoparticle types on the airway epithelial barrier. By elucidating the diverse responses elicited by different nanoparticles, we aim to provide insights that can guide future research endeavors in assessing and mitigating the potential risks associated with nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Lee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Cognitive Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Lu HF, Zhou YC, Yang LT, Zhou Q, Wang XJ, Qiu SQ, Cheng BH, Zeng XH. Involvement and repair of epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergic diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348272. [PMID: 38361946 PMCID: PMC10867171 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelial barrier serves as a critical defense mechanism separating the human body from the external environment, fulfilling both physical and immune functions. This barrier plays a pivotal role in shielding the body from environmental risk factors such as allergens, pathogens, and pollutants. However, since the 19th century, the escalating threats posed by environmental pollution, global warming, heightened usage of industrial chemical products, and alterations in biodiversity have contributed to a noteworthy surge in allergic disease incidences. Notably, allergic diseases frequently exhibit dysfunction in the epithelial barrier. The proposed epithelial barrier hypothesis introduces a novel avenue for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Despite increased attention to the role of barrier dysfunction in allergic disease development, numerous questions persist regarding the mechanisms underlying the disruption of normal barrier function. Consequently, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epithelial barrier's role in allergic diseases, encompassing influencing factors, assessment techniques, and repair methodologies. By doing so, it seeks to present innovative strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fei Lu
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Institute of Otolaryngology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi-Chi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Tao Yang
- Clinical Laboratory Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xi-Jia Wang
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Institute of Otolaryngology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shu-Qi Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Institute of Otolaryngology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bao-Hui Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Institute of Otolaryngology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian-Hai Zeng
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Institute of Otolaryngology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Pathare-Ingawale P, Gogate N, Thube Y, Mansour SMA, Chavan-Gautam P, Wagh G, Joshi S. Association between proNGF receptors and apoptotic factors in human placentae. Placenta 2023; 139:43-48. [PMID: 37300939 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Earlier studies have shown higher apoptosis in the pre-term placenta as compared to term. However, the exact mechanisms triggering these are not completely understood. Studies in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues have shown that the precursor form of NGF (proNGF) triggers apoptosis through preferential activation of p75NTR and sortilin receptors. We therefore, investigated placental expression of proNGF, mature NGF, p75NTR, co-receptor sortilin and their association with apoptosis. We further compared the levels of pro-protein convertase, furin between samples having high and low proNGF: mature NGF ratio. METHODS Placenta samples were collected from women delivering at term (≥37 weeks; n = 41) and preterm (<37 weeks; n = 44). The protein levels of NGF, proNGF, p75NTR, Bax, Bcl-2 and furin were estimated by ELISA. Mean values of variables between different groups were compared using the independent sample t-test and associations were studied by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS The placental mature NGF, proNGF and p75NTR protein levels were comparable between groups. Bax: Bcl-2 ratio was higher in preterm (p < 0.05) compared to term placenta. p75NTR was positively associated with Bax levels and sortilin levels were positively associated with p75NTR in whole cohort as well as individual groups. DISCUSSION The higher Bax: Bcl-2 ratio in preterm placenta suggests the sensitivity to apoptosis. There were no differences in levels of NGF, proNGF, p75NTR, sortilin, and furin between groups. The observed associations between p75NTR, sortilin and Bax suggest that p75NTR and sortilin mediated signalling may be involved in the mechanisms leading to higher apoptosis in preterm placentae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niharika Gogate
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Yogesh Thube
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Salma M A Mansour
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Preeti Chavan-Gautam
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
| | - Girija Wagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
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Yüksel H, Tunca S. Destiny of airway disease: interplay between epithelial barrier and the innate immune system. Tissue Barriers 2022; 10:2020706. [PMID: 34965848 PMCID: PMC9624204 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.2020706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
When the organism encounters a foreign substance, it responds with mutual and regular interactions at different stages of the immune system. In airway diseases, the first encounter is at the epithelial level, where innate immune cells and their responses form the first leg of the protective mechanism. The most important barrier for environmental damage is the epithelial barrier. However, the epithelial barrier is not just a mechanical barrier. The formation of the microbiome on the epithelium and the tolerance or intolerance to environmental factors are vital. This vital balance is maintained between the epithelial surface and the subepithelial innate immune system. This is achieved by the epithelial line, which is a mechanical and functional barrier between them. In this respect, epithelial barrier function preservation has an important role in the development and prognosis of airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Yüksel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey,CONTACT Hasan Yüksel Faculty of Medicine; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Seda Tunca
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunoogy, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Celebi Sozener Z, Ozdel Ozturk B, Cerci P, Turk M, Gorgulu Akin B, Akdis M, Altiner S, Ozbey U, Ogulur I, Mitamura Y, Yilmaz I, Nadeau K, Ozdemir C, Mungan D, Akdis CA. Epithelial barrier hypothesis: Effect of the external exposome on the microbiome and epithelial barriers in allergic disease. Allergy 2022; 77:1418-1449. [PMID: 35108405 PMCID: PMC9306534 DOI: 10.1111/all.15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure plays a major role in the development of allergic diseases. The exposome can be classified into internal (e.g., aging, hormones, and metabolic processes), specific external (e.g., chemical pollutants or lifestyle factors), and general external (e.g., broader socioeconomic and psychological contexts) domains, all of which are interrelated. All the factors we are exposed to, from the moment of conception to death, are part of the external exposome. Several hundreds of thousands of new chemicals have been introduced in modern life without our having a full understanding of their toxic health effects and ways to mitigate these effects. Climate change, air pollution, microplastics, tobacco smoke, changes and loss of biodiversity, alterations in dietary habits, and the microbiome due to modernization, urbanization, and globalization constitute our surrounding environment and external exposome. Some of these factors disrupt the epithelial barriers of the skin and mucosal surfaces, and these disruptions have been linked in the last few decades to the increasing prevalence and severity of allergic and inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and asthma. The epithelial barrier hypothesis provides a mechanistic explanation of how these factors can explain the rapid increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss factors affecting the planet's health in the context of the 'epithelial barrier hypothesis,' including climate change, pollution, changes and loss of biodiversity, and emphasize the changes in the external exposome in the last few decades and their effects on allergic diseases. In addition, the roles of increased dietary fatty acid consumption and environmental substances (detergents, airborne pollen, ozone, microplastics, nanoparticles, and tobacco) affecting epithelial barriers are discussed. Considering the emerging data from recent studies, we suggest stringent governmental regulations, global policy adjustments, patient education, and the establishment of individualized control measures to mitigate environmental threats and decrease allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Betul Ozdel Ozturk
- School of MedicineDepartment of Chest DiseasesDivision of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Pamir Cerci
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesEskisehir City HospitalEskisehirTurkey
| | - Murat Turk
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesKayseri City HospitalKayseriTurkey
| | - Begum Gorgulu Akin
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesAnkara City HospitalAnkaraTurkey
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Seda Altiner
- Clinic of Internal Medicine Division of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesKahramanmaras Necip Fazil City HospitalKahramanmarasTurkey
| | - Umus Ozbey
- Department of Nutrition and DietAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Insu Yilmaz
- Department of Chest DiseasesDivision of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University School of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cevdet Ozdemir
- Institute of Child HealthDepartment of Pediatric Basic SciencesIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Istanbul Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Dilsad Mungan
- School of MedicineDepartment of Chest DiseasesDivision of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
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Nica IC, Stan MS, Popescu RG, Nicula N, Ducu R, Diamandescu L, Dinischiotu A. Fe-N Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Cell Death in Human Lung Fibroblasts in a p53-Independent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179627. [PMID: 34502536 PMCID: PMC8431805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of nanotechnology in the last decade has developed an abundance of novel and intriguing TiO2-based nanomaterials that are widely used in many sectors, including industry (as a food additive and colorant in cosmetics, paints, plastics, and toothpaste) and biomedicine (photoelectrochemical biosensing, implant coatings, drug delivery, and new emerging antimicrobial agents). Therefore, the increased use of engineered nanomaterials in the industry has raised serious concern about human exposure and their unexpected cytotoxic effects. Since inhalation is considered the most relevant way of absorbing nanomaterials, different cell death mechanisms induced in MRC-5 lung fibroblasts, following the exposure to functionalized TiO2 NPs, were investigated. Long-term exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles co-doped with 1% of iron and nitrogen led to the alteration of p53 protein activity and the gene expression controlled by this suppressor (NF-kB and mdm2), DNA damage, cell cycle disruptions at the G2/M and S phases, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization and the subsequent release of cathepsin B, triggering the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in a Bax- and p53-independent manner. Our results are of major significance, contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interaction of these nanoparticles with in vitro biological systems, and also providing useful information for the development of new photocatalytic nanoparticles that are active in the visible spectrum, but with increased biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Cristina Nica
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest–ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miruna S. Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest–ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +40-21-318-15-75
| | - Roua G. Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Nicoleta Nicula
- Environment/Energy and Climate Change Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE—CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania; (N.N.); (R.D.)
| | - Robert Ducu
- Environment/Energy and Climate Change Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE—CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania; (N.N.); (R.D.)
| | - Lucian Diamandescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics (NIMP), Atomistilor 405A, Magurele, 077125 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
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Celebi Sözener Z, Cevhertas L, Nadeau K, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Environmental factors in epithelial barrier dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 145:1517-1528. [PMID: 32507229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main interfaces controlling and attempting to homeostatically balance communications between the host and the environment are the epithelial barriers of the skin, gastrointestinal system, and airways. The epithelial barrier constitutes the first line of physical, chemical, and immunologic defenses and provides a protective wall against environmental factors. Following the industrial revolution in the 19th century, urbanization and socioeconomic development have led to an increase in energy consumption, and waste discharge, leading to increased exposure to air pollution and chemical hazards. Particularly after the 1960s, biological and chemical insults from the surrounding environment-the exposome-have been disrupting the physical integrity of the barrier by degrading the intercellular barrier proteins at tight and adherens junctions, triggering epithelial alarmin cytokine responses such as IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and increasing the epithelial barrier permeability. A typical type 2 immune response develops in affected organs in asthma, rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis. The aim of this article was to discuss the effects of environmental factors such as protease enzymes of allergens, detergents, tobacco, ozone, particulate matter, diesel exhaust, nanoparticles, and microplastic on the integrity of the epithelial barriers in the context of epithelial barrier hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Celebi Sözener
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard Strasse 9, Davos, Switzerland; Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lacin Cevhertas
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard Strasse 9, Davos, Switzerland; Department of Medical Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kari Nadeau
- the Naddisy Foundation, Sean Parker Asthma and Allergy Center, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard Strasse 9, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard Strasse 9, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.
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Wang Z, Wu J, Hu Z, Luo C, Wang P, Zhang Y, Li H. Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting p75NTR-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5454210. [PMID: 33194004 PMCID: PMC7648709 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5454210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis play a key role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). Dexmedetomidine (DEX) may present renal protective effects in sepsis. Therefore, we studied antioxidant effects and the mechanism of DEX in an inflammatory proximal tubular epithelial cell model and lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced AKI in mice. Methods. We assessed renal function (creatinine, urea nitrogen), histopathology, oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), and apoptosis (TUNEL staining and Cleaved caspase-3) in mice. In vitro experiments including Cleaved caspase-3 and p75NTR/p38MAPK/JNK signaling pathways were evaluated using western blot. Reactive oxidative species (ROS) production and apoptosis were determined using flow cytometry. Results. DEX significantly improved renal function and kidney injury and also revert the substantially increased level of MDA concentrations as well as the reduction of the SOD enzyme activity found in LPS-induced AKI mice. In parallel, DEX treatment also reduced the apoptosis and Cleaved caspase-3 expression evoked by LPS. The expression of p75NTR was increased in kidney tissues of mice with AKI but decreased after treatment with DEX. In cultured human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2 cells), DEX inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis and generation of ROS, but this was reversed by overexpression of p75NTR. Furthermore, pretreatment with DEX significantly downregulated phosphorylation of JNK and p38MAPK in LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells, and this effect was abolished by overexpression of p75NTR. Conclusion. DEX ameliorated AKI in mice with sepsis by partially reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis through regulation of p75NTR/p38MAPK/JNK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiali Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaolan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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León-Mejía G, Quintana-Sosa M, de Moya Hernandez Y, Rodríguez IL, Trindade C, Romero MA, Luna-Carrascal J, Ortíz LO, Acosta-Hoyos A, Ruiz-Benitez M, Valencia KF, Rohr P, da Silva J, Henriques JAP. DNA repair and metabolic gene polymorphisms affect genetic damage due to diesel engine exhaust exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:20516-20526. [PMID: 32246425 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diesel engine exhaust (DEE) is a complex mixture of toxic gases, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene derivatives, metals and diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) generated from the incomplete combustion of diesel fuel. Many of the compounds in this mixture can cause oxidative damage to DNA and are considered carcinogenic for humans. Further, chronic DEE exposure increases risks of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Despite these pervasive health risks, there is limited and inconsistent information regarding genetic factors conferring susceptibility or resistance to DEE genotoxicity. The present study evaluated the effects of polymorphisms in two base excision repair (BER) genes (OGG1 Ser326Cys and XRCC1 Arg280His), one homologous recombination (HRR) gene (XRCC3 Thr241Met) and two xenobiotic metabolism genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) on the genotoxicity profiles among 123 mechanics exposed to workplace DEE. Polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP. In comet assay, individuals with the GSTT1 null genotype demonstrated significantly greater % tail DNA in lymphocytes than those with non-null genotype. In contrast, these null individuals exhibited significantly lower frequencies of binucleated (BN) cells and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in buccal cells than non-null individuals. Heterozygous hOGG1 326 individuals (hOGG1 326 Ser/Cys) exhibited higher buccal cell NBUD frequency than hOGG1 326 Ser/Ser individuals. Individuals carrying the XRCC3 241 Met/Met polymorphism also showed significantly higher buccal cell NBUD frequencies than those carrying the XRCC3 241 Thr/Thr polymorphism. We found a high flow of particulate matter with a diameter of < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the workplace. The most abundant metals in DEPs were iron, copper, silicon and manganese as detected by transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) revealed particles with diameters smaller than PM2.5, including nanoparticles forming aggregates and agglomerates. Our results demonstrate the genotoxic effects of DEE and the critical influence of genetic susceptibility conferred by DNA repair and metabolic gene polymorphisms that shed light into the understanding of underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethel León-Mejía
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Milton Quintana-Sosa
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Ibeth Luna Rodríguez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Cristiano Trindade
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Marco Anaya Romero
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Jaime Luna-Carrascal
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ludis Oliveros Ortíz
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Antonio Acosta-Hoyos
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Martha Ruiz-Benitez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Karen Franco Valencia
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Paula Rohr
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antônio Pêgas Henriques
- Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Lemons K, Fu Z, Ogura T, Lin W. TRPM5-expressing Microvillous Cells Regulate Region-specific Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis During Chemical Exposure. Neuroscience 2020; 434:171-190. [PMID: 32224228 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian main olfactory epithelium (MOE) is exposed to a wide spectrum of external chemicals during respiration and relies on adaptive plasticity to maintain its structural and functional integrity. We previously reported that the chemo-responsive and cholinergic transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5)-expressing-microvillous cells (MCs) in the MOE are required for maintaining odor-evoked electrophysiological responses and olfactory-guided behavior during two-week exposure to an inhaled chemical mixture. Here, we investigated the underlying factors by assessing the potential modulatory effects of TRPM5-MCs on MOE morphology and cell proliferation and apoptosis, which are important for MOE maintenance. In the posterior MOE of TRPM5-GFP mice, we found that two-week chemical exposure induced a significant increase in Ki67-expressing proliferating basal stem cells without a significant reduction in the thickness of the whole epithelium or mature olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) layer. This adaptive increase in stem cell proliferation was missing in chemical-exposed transcription factor Skn-1a knockout (Skn-1a-/-) mice lacking TRPM5-MCs. In addition, a greater number of isolated OSNs from chemical-exposed Skn-1a-/- mice displayed unhealthily high levels of resting intracellular Ca2+. Intriguingly, in the anterior MOE where we found a higher density of TRPM5-MCs, chemical-exposed TRPM5-GFP mice exhibited a time-dependent increase in apoptosis and a loss of mature OSNs without a significant increase in proliferation or neurogenesis to compensate for OSN loss. Together, our data suggest that TRPM5-MC-dependent region-specific upregulation of cell proliferation in the majority of the MOE during chemical exposure contributes to the adaptive maintenance of OSNs and olfactory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Lemons
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Ziying Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Tatsuya Ogura
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Weihong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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11
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Chakraborty S, Castranova V, Perez MK, Piedimonte G. Nanoparticles increase human bronchial epithelial cell susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus infection via nerve growth factor-induced autophagy. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/13/e13344. [PMID: 28701524 PMCID: PMC5506529 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic and neuroinflammatory effects of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) in human airways are mediated by nerve growth factor (NGF), which is also implicated in the pathophysiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to TiO2-NP results in increased susceptibility to RSV infection and exacerbation of airway inflammation via NGF-mediated induction of autophagy in lower respiratory tract cells. Human primary bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to TiO2-NP for 24 h prior to infection with recombinant red RSV (rrRSV). Expression of NGF and its TrkA and p75NTR receptors was measured by real-time PCR and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Autophagy was assessed by beclin-1 expression analysis. Cell death was studied by FACS after annexin V/propidium iodide staining. rrRSV infection efficiency more than doubled in human bronchial cells pre-exposed to TiO2-NP compared to controls. NGF and its TrkA receptor were upregulated in RSV-infected bronchial cells pre-exposed to TiO2-NP compared to controls exposed to either rrRSV or TiO2-NP alone. Silencing NGF gene expression with siRNA significantly inhibited rrRSV infection. rrRSV-infected cells pre-exposed to TiO2-NP also showed increase in necrotic cell death and reduction in apoptosis, together with 4.3-fold increase in expression of the early autophagosomal gene beclin-1. Pharmacological inhibition of beclin-1 by wortmannin resulted in increased apoptotic rate along with lower viral load. This study shows that TiO2-NP exposure enhances the infectivity of RSV in human bronchial epithelial cells by upregulating the NGF/TrkA axis. The mechanism of this interaction involves induction of autophagy promoting viral replication and necrotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeparna Chakraborty
- Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Miriam K Perez
- Pediatric Institute and Children's Hospital, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Giovanni Piedimonte
- Pediatric Institute and Children's Hospital, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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12
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Sarma SN, Blais JM, Chan HM. Neurotoxicity of alkylated polycyclic aromatic compounds in human neuroblastoma cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:285-300. [PMID: 28598261 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1314840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants originating from incomplete combustion processes. While the toxicity of parent PAC such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is well characterized, effects of other alkyl-PAC dibenzothiophene (DBT) and retene (Ret) are not well established. The aim of this study was to examine the underlying relative neurotoxic mechanisms attributed to BaP (parent PAH), DBT and Ret (alkyl-PACs) using human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The lethal concentrations (LC10 and LC20) were found at approximately 10 µM and 40 µM, respectively after 24-h exposure of SK-N-SH cells. It was hypothesized that PAC trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to activation of apoptotic signaling pathways. Differentiated neuronal cells were treated with three compounds at (0.5-40 µM) for 24 h. There was a significant concentration-dependent increase in levels of ROS, even at sub-lethal levels of 1 µM Ret. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was significantly decreased. Real-time RT-PCR results showed up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes and down-regulation of antioxidative genes expression in BaP-, DBT-, and Ret-treated SK-N-SH cells. Cytochrome c protein levels and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were also significantly elevated in a concentration-related manner. Data demonstrated that BaP-, DBT-, or Ret-induced neuronal cell damage involved oxidative stress generation through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. Alkyl-PAC also exhibited higher potency in ROS induction and reduction of MMP than parent PAC. These findings may be important for environmental risk assessment attributed to exposure to PAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jules M Blais
- a Department of Biology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - Hing Man Chan
- a Department of Biology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada
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13
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Cheng C, Xu JM, Yu T. Neutralizing IL-6 reduces heart injury by decreasing nerve growth factor precursor in the heart and hypothalamus during rat cardiopulmonary bypass. Life Sci 2017; 178:61-69. [PMID: 28438640 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether the expression of nerve growth factor precursor (proNGF) changes during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and whether neutralizing interleukin-6 (IL-6) during CPB has cardiac benefits. MAIN METHODS Thirty patients undergoing CPB were recruited and their serum proNGF and troponin-I (TNI) were detected. In addition, rats were divided into three groups: CPB group, CPB with cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group, and a control group. The pre-CPB standard deviation of N-N intervals (SDNN) and post-CPB SDNN were compared. At the end of CPB, nerve peptide Y (NPY), acetylcholinesterase, cell apoptosis, and proNGF protein expression were measured in the heart and hypothalamus. Another rat cohort undergoing CPB was divided into two groups: an anti-IL-6 group with IL-6 antibody and a control group with phosphate buffer solution. At the end of CPB, serum hs-troponin-T and cardiac caspases 3 and 9 were detected. NPY and proNGF in the heart and hypothalamus were detected. KEY FINDINGS In patients, serum proNGF increased during CPB, and the concentration was positively correlated with TNI. In rats, cardiac autonomic nervous function was disturbed during CPB. More apoptotic cells and higher levels of proNGF were found in the heart and hypothalamus in the CPB groups than in the control groups. Neutralizing IL-6 was beneficial to lower cardiac injury by decreasing proNGF and apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE CPB induced changes in proNGF in the heart and hypothalamus. Suppressing inflammation attenuated myocardial apoptosis and autonomic nerve function disturbance in CPB rats, likely due in part to regulation of proNGF in the heart and hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jun-Mei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
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14
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Krajnak K, Sriram K, Johnson C, Roberts JR, Mercer R, Miller GR, Wirth O, Antonini JM. Effects of pulmonary exposure to chemically-distinct welding fumes on neuroendocrine markers of toxicity. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:301-314. [PMID: 28598268 PMCID: PMC6422021 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1318324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to welding fumes may result in disorders of the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems. Welders are also at a greater risk of developing symptoms similar to those seen in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. In welders, there are studies that suggest that alterations in circulating prolactin concentrations may be indicative of injury to the dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. The goal of these studies was to use an established model of welding particulate exposure to mimic the effects of welding fume inhalation on reproductive functions. Since previous investigators suggested that changes in circulating prolactin may be an early marker of DA neuron injury, movement disorders, and reproductive dysfunction, prolactin, hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels (a marker of DA synthesis), and other measures of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) function were measured after repetitive instillation of welding fume particulates generated by flux core arc-hard surfacing (FCA-HS), manual metal arc-hard surfacing (MMA-HS) or gas metal arc-mild steel (GMA-MS) welding, or manganese chloride (MnCl2). Exposure to welding fume particulate resulted in the accumulation of various metals in the pituitary and testes of rats, along with changes in hypothalamic TH and serum prolactin levels. Exposure to particulates with high concentrations of soluble manganese (Mn) appeared to exert the greatest influence on TH activity levels and serum prolactin concentrations. Thus, circulating prolactin levels may serve as a biomarker for welding fume/Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Other reproductive measures were collected, and these data were consistent with epidemiological findings that prolactin and testosterone may serve as biomarkers of welding particulate induced DA neuron and reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Krajnak
- Engineering Controls and Technology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - K. Sriram
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - C. Johnson
- Engineering Controls and Technology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - J. R. Roberts
- Exposure Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - R. Mercer
- Physiology and Pathology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - G. R. Miller
- Engineering Controls and Technology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - O. Wirth
- Biostatistic and Epidemiology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - J. M. Antonini
- Physiology and Pathology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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15
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Bunderson-Schelvan M, Holian A, Hamilton RF. Engineered nanomaterial-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and anti-cathepsin agents. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2017; 20:230-248. [PMID: 28632040 PMCID: PMC6127079 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2017.1305924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), or small anthropogenic particles approximately < 100 nm in size and of various shapes and compositions, are increasingly incorporated into commercial products and used for industrial and medical purposes. There is an exposure risk to both the population at large and individuals in the workplace with inhalation exposures to ENMs being a primary concern. Further, there is increasing evidence to suggest that certain ENMs may represent a significant health risk, and many of these ENMs exhibit distinct similarities with other particles and fibers that are known to induce adverse health effects, such as asbestos, silica, and particulate matter (PM). Evidence regarding the importance of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and release of cathepsins in ENM toxicity has been accumulating. The aim of this review was to describe our current understanding of the mechanisms leading to ENM-associated pathologies, including LMP and the role of cathepsins with a focus on inflammation. In addition, anti-cathepsin agents, some of which have been tested in clinical trials and may prove useful for ameliorating the harmful effects of ENM exposure, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Raymond F. Hamilton
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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