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Hamadneh J, Hamadneh S. The impact of an online educational program to reduce second-hand exposure to smoke among nonsmoking pregnant women; a hospital-based intervention study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13148. [PMID: 37089336 PMCID: PMC10119503 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Second-hand smoke is recognized as a public health concern, especially for pregnant women. Objectives To compare pregnant women's exposure and perceptions of SHS pre-and post-intervention. Materials and methods The study was conducted with a sample of 32 pregnant women at a tertiary university hospital in Jordan. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, researchers asked women about their knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding prenatal exposure to smoke before and after an intervention that included motivation, communication, education and counselling by using a range of media. A cotinine test was conducted to measure levels in second-hand smokers. Results The average maternal age was 30.88 ± 1.69 years; 68% were highly educated, 43% were employed, 37% reported not having sufficient income, and 62% did not attend for antenatal care on a regular basis. There was a significant increase in knowledge and awareness regarding second-hand smoking and its effect on pregnancy outcomes after the intervention. More than 90% of pregnant women supported a comprehensive policy in relation to smoking, and 33% of used to leave the room where others smoked. This percentage increased to 70% after the intervention. Cotinine level decreased after the intervention in 81% of cases. Conclusions There is an increase in knowledge and awareness regarding second-hand smoking and its effects on pregnancy outcomes after implementation of an educational intervention.
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Quiñones Z, Li D, McIntosh S, Avendaño E, Sánchez JJ, DiMare-Hering C, Flores-Golfin D, Wang S, Pérez-Ramos JG, Dye TDV, Ossip DJ. Predictors of Secondhand Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy in Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, and Honduras. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:909-913. [PMID: 35084495 PMCID: PMC9048917 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure poses risks to pregnant women and children. Though smoking among pregnant women in many low- and middle-income countries is low, exposure to SHS might be higher. We examined the prevalence and predictors of SHS among pregnant women from Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, and Honduras. METHODS Postpartum women 18+ years old who completed pregnancy in past 5 years were surveyed in health care and community settings. RESULTS Data for 1,081 women indicated low tobacco use (1.0%-3.7%), frequent exposure to active smokers (29.0%-34.0%), often being close enough to breathe others' smoke (49.4%-66.5%), and most having smoke-free home policies (70.8%-76.2%). Women reporting unintended pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03, 2.00) and alcohol consumption (aOR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.34, 2.77) were more likely to be close enough to breathe others' smoke. Women with health problems during pregnancy (aOR: 1.48 95% CI 1.07, 2.06) were more likely to have home smoking policies. Tobacco use was associated with all SHS exposure outcomes. CONCLUSIONS SHS exposure was high during pregnancy; women with higher risk variables, that is, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and unintended pregnancy were more likely to be exposed. Addressing SHS exposure in pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries can improve maternal health outcomes in vulnerable populations. IMPLICATIONS The study results suggest a cluster of multiple risk factors associated with a high prevalence of exposure to SHS among pregnant women in LIMCs from Latin America and Caribbean Region. Interventions, regulations, and policies need to address specific high-risk factors to change behaviors and improve maternal and child health outcomes especially in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahira Quiñones
- Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM), Santiago de los Caballeros, Santiago, Dominican Republic
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NYUSA
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NYUSA
| | - Scott McIntosh
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NYUSA
| | - Esteban Avendaño
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas (UCIMED), San José, Costa Rica
| | - José Javier Sánchez
- Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM), Santiago de los Caballeros, Santiago, Dominican Republic
| | - Carmen DiMare-Hering
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas (UCIMED), San José, Costa Rica
| | - Daniel Flores-Golfin
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NYUSA
| | - Sijiu Wang
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NYUSA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - José G Pérez-Ramos
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NYUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Timothy D V Dye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Deborah J Ossip
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NYUSA
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