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Lovins HB, Bathon BE, Shaikh SR, Gowdy KM. Inhaled toxicants and pulmonary lipid metabolism: biological consequences and therapeutic interventions. Toxicol Sci 2023; 196:141-151. [PMID: 37740395 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhaled toxicants drive the onset of and exacerbate preexisting chronic pulmonary diseases, however, the biological mechanisms by which this occurs are largely unknown. Exposure to inhaled toxicants, both environmental and occupational, drives pulmonary inflammation and injury. Upon activation of the inflammatory response, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are metabolized into predominately proinflammatory lipid mediators termed eicosanoids which recruit immune cells to the site of injury, perpetuating inflammation to clear the exposed toxicants. Following inflammation, lipid mediator class-switching occurs, a process that leads to increased metabolism of hydroxylated derivates of PUFAs. These mediators, which include mono-hydroxylated PUFA derivatives and specialized proresolving lipid mediators, initiate an active process of inflammation resolution by inhibiting the inflammatory response and activating resolution pathways to return the tissue to homeostasis. Exposure to inhaled toxicants leads to alterations in the synthesis of these proinflammatory and proresolving lipid mediator pathways, resulting in greater pulmonary inflammation and injury, and increasing the risk for the onset of chronic lung diseases. Recent studies have begun utilizing supplementation of PUFAs and their metabolites as potential therapeutics for toxicant-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury. Here we will review the current understanding of the lipid mediators in pulmonary inflammation and resolution as well as the impact of dietary fatty acid supplementation on lipid mediator-driven inflammation following air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah B Lovins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brooke E Bathon
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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2
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Harris TR, Griffith JA, Clarke CEC, Garner KL, Bowdridge EC, DeVallance E, Engles KJ, Batchelor TP, Goldsmith WT, Wix K, Nurkiewicz TR, Rand AA. Distinct profiles of oxylipid mediators in liver, lung, and placenta after maternal nano-TiO 2 nanoparticle inhalation exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. ADVANCES 2023; 2:740-748. [PMID: 37181648 PMCID: PMC10167894 DOI: 10.1039/d2va00300g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) is a widely used nanomaterial found in several industrial and consumer products, including surface coatings, paints, sunscreens and cosmetics, among others. Studies have linked gestational exposure to nano-TiO2 with negative maternal and fetal health outcomes. For example, maternal pulmonary exposure to nano-TiO2 during gestation has been associated not only with maternal, but also fetal microvascular dysfunction in a rat model. One mediator of this altered vascular reactivity and inflammation is oxylipid signaling. Oxylipids are formed from dietary lipids through several enzyme-controlled pathways as well as through oxidation by reactive oxygen species. Oxylipids have been linked to control of vascular tone, inflammation, pain and other physiological and disease processes. In this study, we use a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS based analysis to probe the global oxylipid response in liver, lung, and placenta of pregnant rats exposed to nano-TiO2 aerosols. Each organ presented distinct patterns in oxylipid signaling, as assessed by principal component and hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis. In general, pro-inflammatory mediators, such as 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (1.6 fold change) were elevated in the liver, while in the lung, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators such as 17-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (1.4 fold change) were elevated. In the placenta the levels of oxylipid mediators were generally decreased, both inflammatory (e.g. PGE2, 0.52 fold change) and anti-inflammatory (e.g. Leukotriene B4, 0.49 fold change). This study, the first to quantitate the levels of these oxylipids simultaneously after nano-TiO2 exposure, shows the complex interplay of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators from multiple lipid classes and highlights the limitations of monitoring the levels of oxylipid mediators in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd R Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S5B6 Canada
| | - Julie A Griffith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Colleen E C Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S5B6 Canada
| | - Krista L Garner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Elizabeth C Bowdridge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Evan DeVallance
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Kevin J Engles
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
| | - Thomas P Batchelor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - William T Goldsmith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Kim Wix
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV 26506 USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown WV USA
| | - Amy A Rand
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S5B6 Canada
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Vargas VMF, da Silva Júnior FMR, Silva Pereira TD, Silva CSD, Coronas MV. A comprehensive overview of genotoxicity and mutagenicity associated with outdoor air pollution exposure in Brazil. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:172-199. [PMID: 36775848 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2175092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This review examined the mutagenicity and genotoxicity associated with exposure to outdoor air pollutants in Brazil. A search was performed on the Web of Science database using a combination of keywords that resulted in 134 articles. After applying exclusion criteria, a total of 75 articles were obtained. The articles were classified into three categories: (1) studies with plants and animals, (2) in vitro studies, and (3) human biomonitoring. The investigations were conducted in 11 of 27 Brazilian states with the highest prevalence in the southeast and south regions. Only 5 investigations focused on the effects of burning biomass on the quality of outdoor air. Plants, especially Tradescantia pallida, were the main air pollution biomonitoring tool. When available, a significant association between levels of air pollutants and genetic damage was described. Among the in vitro studies, Salmonella/microsome is the most used test to evaluate mutagenesis of outdoor air in Brazil (n = 26). Human biomonitoring studies were the least frequent category (n = 18). Most of the investigations utilized micronucleus bioassay, in oral mucosa cells (n = 15) and lymphocytes (n = 5), and the comet assay (n = 6). The analysis in this study points to the existence of gaps in genotoxicity studies and our findings indicate that future studies need to address the variety of potential sources of pollution existing in Brazil. In addition to extent of the impacts, consideration should be given to the enormous Brazilian biodiversity, as well as the determination of the role of socioeconomic inequality of the population in the observed outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Maria Ferrão Vargas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana da Silva Pereira
- Laboratório de Aquicultura de Peixes Ornamentais do Xingu, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Altamira, PA, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Silva da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciênciae Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Vieira Coronas
- Coordenaç'ão Acad"êmica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Cachoeira do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Ramar M, Yano N, Fedulov AV. Intra-Airway Treatment with Synthetic Lipoxin A4 and Resolvin E2 Mitigates Neonatal Asthma Triggered by Maternal Exposure to Environmental Particles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076145. [PMID: 37047118 PMCID: PMC10093944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter in the air exacerbates airway inflammation (AI) in asthma; moreover, prenatal exposure to concentrated urban air particles (CAPs) and diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) predisposes the offspring to asthma and worsens the resolution of AI in response to allergens. We previously tested the hypothesis that such exposure impairs the pathways of specialized proresolving mediators that are critical for resolution and found declined Lipoxin A4 (LxA4) and Resolvin E2 (RvE2) levels in the "at-risk" pups of exposed mothers. Here, we hypothesized that supplementation with synthetic LxA4 or RvE2 via the airway can ameliorate AI after allergen exposure, which has not been tested in models with environmental toxicant triggers. BALB/c newborns with an asthma predisposition resultant from prenatal exposure to CAPs and DEPs were treated once daily for 3 days with 750 ng/mouse of LxA4 or 300 ng/mouse of RvE2 through intranasal instillation, and they were tested with the intentionally low-dose ovalbumin protocol that elicits asthma in the offspring of particle-exposed mothers but not control mothers, mimicking the enigmatic maternal transmission of asthma seen in humans. LxA4 and RvE2 ameliorated the asthma phenotype and improved AI resolution, which was seen as declining airway eosinophilia, lung tissue infiltration, and proallergic cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohankumar Ramar
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Naohiro Yano
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Alexey V Fedulov
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Ranpara A, LeBouf RF, Nurkiewicz TR, Yi J, Cumpston JL, Stefaniak AB. Multi-instrument assessment of fine and ultrafine titanium dioxide aerosols. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:1-22. [PMID: 36444639 PMCID: PMC10663951 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2150730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of fine (diameter: 100 nanometers-2.5 micrometers) and ultrafine (UF: < 100 nanometers) titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles is instrument dependent. Differences in measurements exist between toxicological and field investigations for the same exposure metric such as mass, number, or surface area because of variations in instruments used, operating parameters, or particle-size measurement ranges. Without appropriate comparison, instrument measurements create a disconnect between toxicological and field investigations for a given exposure metric. Our objective was to compare a variety of instruments including multiple metrics including mass, number, and surface area (SA) concentrations for assessing different concentrations of separately aerosolized fine and UF TiO2 particles. The instruments studied were (1) DustTrak™ DRX, (2) personal DataRAMs™ (PDR), (3) GRIMMTM, and (4) diffusion charger (DC). Two devices of each field-study instrument (DRX, PDR, GRIMM, and DC) were used to measure various metrics while adjusting for gravimetric mass concentrations of fine and UF TiO2 particles in controlled chamber tests. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to apportion the variance to inter-instrument (between different instrument-types), inter-device (within instrument), and intra-device components. Performance of each instrument-device was calculated using root mean squared error compared to reference methods: close-faced cassette and gravimetric analysis for mass and scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) real-time monitoring for number and SA concentrations. Generally, inter-instrument variability accounted for the greatest (62.6% or more) source of variance for mass, and SA-based concentrations of fine and UF TiO2 particles. However, higher intra-device variability (53.7%) was observed for number concentrations measurements with fine particles compared to inter-instrument variability (40.8%). Inter-device variance range(0.5-5.5%) was similar for all exposure metrics. DRX performed better in measuring mass closer to gravimetric than PDRs for fine and UF TiO2. Number concentrations measured by GRIMMs and SA measurements by DCs were considerably (40.8-86.9%) different from the reference (SMPS) method for comparable size ranges of fine and UF TiO2. This information may serve to aid in interpreting assessments in risk models, epidemiologic studies, and development of occupational exposure limits, relating to health effect endpoints identified in toxicological studies considering similar instruments evaluated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Ranpara
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ryan F. LeBouf
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Timothy R. Nurkiewicz
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jinghai Yi
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jared L. Cumpston
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Aleksandr B. Stefaniak
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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