1
|
Cronin MR, Zavaleta ES, Beltran RS, Esparza M, Payne AR, Termini V, Thompson J, Jones MS. Testing the effectiveness of interactive training on sexual harassment and assault in field science. Sci Rep 2024; 14:523. [PMID: 38191560 PMCID: PMC10774269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Fieldwork is a critical tool for scientific research, particularly in applied disciplines. Yet fieldwork is often unsafe, especially for members of historically marginalized groups and people whose presence in scientific spaces threatens traditional hierarchies of power, authority, and legitimacy. Research is needed to identify interventions that prevent sexual harassment and assault from occurring in the first place. We conducted a quasi-experiment assessing the impacts of a 90-min interactive training on field-based staff in a United States state government agency. We hypothesized that the knowledge-based interventions, social modeling, and mastery experiences included in the training would increase participants' sexual harassment and assault prevention knowledge, self-efficacy, behavioural intention, and behaviour after the training compared to a control group of their peers. Treatment-control and pre-post training survey data indicate that the training increased participants' sexual harassment and assault prevention knowledge and prevention self-efficacy, and, to a lesser extent, behavioural intention. These increases persisted several months after the training for knowledge and self-efficacy. While we did not detect differences in the effect of the training for different groups, interestingly, post-hoc tests indicated that women and members of underrepresented racial groups generally scored lower compared to male and white respondents, suggesting that these groups self-assess their own capabilities differently. Finally, participants' likelihood to report incidents increased after the training but institutional reports remained low, emphasizing the importance of efforts to transform reporting systems and develop better methods to measure bystander actions. These results support the utility of a peer-led interactive intervention for improving workplace culture and safety in scientific fieldwork settings. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: "The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on August 24, 2022. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21770165 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Cronin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Erika S Zavaleta
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Roxanne S Beltran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Esparza
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Allison R Payne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Valerie Termini
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Thompson
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan S Jones
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Spytska L. Symptoms and Main Differences Between a Psychopath and a Sociopath. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024; 212:52-56. [PMID: 38166182 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The research relevance is predefined by the fact that, in modern psychology and psychiatry, the concepts of psychopathy and sociopathy are combined and interchanged. These are two concepts that describe different etiologies of the same mental health condition. The research aims to describe in detail the main manifestations and characteristics of personality disorders (psychopathy and sociopathy) in psychiatry and psychology. The research analyzes the main features and manifestations of sociopathy and psychopathy. It examines the work of psychologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons in helping sociopaths and psychopaths. The study also explores the challenges of treating antisocial personality disorders and identifies internal and external factors that influence the development of these conditions. In addition, the article emphasizes the behavioral differences between sociopaths and psychopaths, proposes various methods for integrated therapy, diagnoses the main aspects of these disorders, and highlights the importance of psychiatric care and psychotherapeutic interventions. The research is of theoretical and practical value for psychologists, psychoanalysts, and physicians who can help people with these pathologies of personal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Spytska
- Department of Practical Psychology and Social Work, Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gómez JM, Freyd JJ, Delva J, Tracy B, Mackenzie LN, Ray V, Weathington B. Institutional Courage in Action: Racism, Sexual Violence, & Concrete Institutional Change. J Trauma Dissociation 2023; 24:157-170. [PMID: 36744639 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2168245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Gómez
- School of Social Work and Center for Innovation in Social Work & Health (CISWH), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Center Institutional Courage, 501(c)(3), Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Freyd
- Center Institutional Courage, 501(c)(3), Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Clayman Institute for Gender Research and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Delva
- School of Social Work and Center for Innovation in Social Work & Health (CISWH), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenda Tracy
- Center Institutional Courage, 501(c)(3), Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Set The Expectation, 501(c)(3), Tualatin, OR, USA
| | - Lori Nishiura Mackenzie
- Center Institutional Courage, 501(c)(3), Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,VMware Women's Leadership Innovation Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Victor Ray
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Beverly Weathington
- Center Institutional Courage, 501(c)(3), Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child & Family Development (MPSI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|