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Zhu Y, Liu Y, Yang F, Chen W, Jiang J, He P, Jiang S, Li M, Xu R. All-Trans Retinoic Acid Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Like Tg (SOD1*G93A)1Gur Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3603-3615. [PMID: 32548665 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a ligand of retinoic acid receptors, could regulate various biological processes by activating retinoic acid signals. Recent studies suggested that ATRA displays multiple neuroprotective effects and thereby alleviates the disease progression in a variety of neurological diseases. Our previous studies found that the impaired retinoic acid signal decreased ALDH1A2, an essential synthetase of ATRA, in the spinal cord of ALS mice. Here, we evaluated the neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of ATRA in a SOD1-G93A transgenic mice model of ALS. We administrated ATRA(3 mg/kg) daily from the onset stage to the progression stage for 5 weeks. Behavioral tests showed that ATRA improved the forelimb grip strength in ALS mice and may slow the disease progression, but not the body weight. ATRA could completely reverse the impaired retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) signal in the spinal cord of ALS mice. This effect was accompanied by enhancing the degradation of misfolded proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, regulating the oxidative stress, inhibiting the astrocyte activation, and promoting the neurotrophic signal recovery. Our findings are the first to indicate that the damaged retinoic acid signal is involved in the pathogenesis of ALS, and ATRA could induce the functional neuroprotection via repairing the damaged retinoic acid signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenzhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianxian Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pei He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shishi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Menhua Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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