Jeong HJ, Lee SH, Kang HE. Changes in digoxin pharmacokinetics associated with hepatic P-glycoprotein upregulation in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021;
35:1100-1108. [PMID:
33914974 DOI:
10.1111/fcp.12687]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES
Upregulation of hepatic P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression has been reported in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and rodent models thereof. Here, we explored the changes hepatic P-gp expression and activity in a NAFLD rat model and the effects thereof on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin (a probe substrate of P-gp).
METHODS
Rats were fed a 1% (w/w) orotic acid-containing diet for 20 days to induce NAFLD; control rats received a normal diet. P-gp expression and biliary digoxin excretion were examined. The pharmacokinetics of digoxin were evaluated after it had been administered intravenously (10 μg·kg-1 ) and orally (200 μg·kg-1 ) to control and NAFLD rats.
RESULTS
The total areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUCs) of digoxin after intravenous and oral administration were significantly smaller (by 39.1% and 73.0%, respectively) in NAFLD rats because of faster biliary digoxin excretion, reflecting elevations of hepatic P-gp expression and activity. Notably, the steady-state volume of distribution rose by 98.2%, while extent of oral bioavailability fell by 55.5% in NAFLD rats.
CONCLUSION
This is the first study to report digoxin pharmacokinetic changes caused by hepatic P-gp upregulation in NAFLD. Further studies are needed to explore the clinical impact of enhanced P-gp-mediated biliary excretion on pharmacotherapies using P-gp substrates in patients with NAFLD.
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