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Baker Frost D, Savchenko A, Takamura N, Wolf B, Fierkens R, King K, Feghali-Bostwick C. A Positive Feedback Loop Exists between Estradiol and IL-6 and Contributes to Dermal Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7227. [PMID: 39000334 PMCID: PMC11241801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by dermal fibrosis with a female predominance, suggesting a hormonal influence. Patients with SSc have elevated interleukin (IL)-6 levels, and post-menopausal women and older men also have high estradiol (E2) levels. In the skin, IL-6 increases the enzymatic activity of aromatase, thereby amplifying the conversion of testosterone to E2. Therefore, we hypothesized that an interplay between E2 and IL-6 contributes to dermal fibrosis. We used primary dermal fibroblasts from healthy donors and patients with diffuse cutaneous (dc)SSc, and healthy donor skin tissues stimulated with recombinant IL-6 and its soluble receptor (sIL-6R) or E2. Primary human dermal fibroblasts and tissues from healthy donors stimulated with IL-6+sIL-6R produced E2, while E2-stimulated dermal tissues and fibroblasts produced IL-6. Primary dermal fibroblasts from healthy donors treated with IL-6+sIL-6R and the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (ANA) and dcSSc fibroblasts treated with ANA produced less fibronectin (FN), type III collagen A1 (Col IIIA1), and type V collagen A1 (Col VA1). Finally, dcSSc dermal fibroblasts treated with the estrogen receptor inhibitor fulvestrant also generated less FN, Col IIIA1, and Col VA1. Our data show that IL-6 exerts its pro-fibrotic influence in human skin in part through E2 and establish a positive feedback loop between E2 and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeAnna Baker Frost
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 822, MSC 637, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Alisa Savchenko
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, 4130 Rocky Vista Way, Billings, MT 59106, USA;
| | - Naoko Takamura
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Bethany Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Room 305F, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Roselyn Fierkens
- Barabara Davis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, M20-3201N, 1775 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Kimberly King
- School of Medicine, Morehouse College, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 822, MSC 637, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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2
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Zhou H, Li C, Ren Y, Wang WA, Zhuang J, Ren Y, Shen L, Chen Y. Modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by gemcitabine: Targeting ionizing radiation-induced cellular senescence in lung cancer cell. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116234. [PMID: 38670436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation, a standard therapeutic approach for lung cancer, often leads to cellular senescence and the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), posing significant challenges in treatment efficacy and cancer progression. Overcoming these obstacles is crucial for enhancing therapeutic outcomes in lung cancer management. This study investigates the effects of ionizing radiation and gemcitabine on lung cancer cells, with a focus on induced senescence, EMT, and apoptosis. Human-derived A549, PC-9, and mouse-derived Lewis lung carcinoma cells exposed to 10 Gy X-ray irradiation exhibited senescence, as indicated by morphological changes, β-galactosidase staining, and cell cycle arrest through the p53-p21 pathway. Ionizing radiation also promoted EMT via TGFβ/SMAD signaling, evidenced by increased TGFβ1 levels, altered EMT marker expressions, and enhanced cell migration. Gemcitabine, a first-line lung cancer treatment, was shown to enhance apoptosis in senescent cells caused by radiation. It inhibited cell proliferation, induced mitochondrial damage, and triggered caspase-mediated apoptosis, thus mitigating EMT in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo studies using a lung cancer mouse model revealed that gemcitabine, combined with radiation, significantly reduced tumor volume and weight, extended survival, and suppressed malignancy indices in irradiated tumors. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that gemcitabine enhances the therapeutic efficacy against radiation-resistant lung cancer cells, both by inducing apoptosis in senescent cells and inhibiting EMT, offering potential improvements in lung cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- Department of Radio-Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Li
- Department of Radio-Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Yanxian Ren
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen-An Wang
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhuang
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Department of Radio-Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Radio-Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Radio-Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China.
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3
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Ghafouri‐Fard S, Askari A, Shoorei H, Seify M, Koohestanidehaghi Y, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Samsami M. Antioxidant therapy against TGF-β/SMAD pathway involved in organ fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18052. [PMID: 38041559 PMCID: PMC10826439 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis refers to excessive build-up of scar tissue and extracellular matrix components in different organs. In recent years, it has been revealed that different cytokines and chemokines, especially Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. It has been shown that TGF-β is upregulated in fibrotic tissues, and contributes to fibrosis by mediating pathways that are related to matrix preservation and fibroblasts differentiation. There is no doubt that antioxidants protect against different inflammatory conditions by reversing the effects of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur-based reactive elements. Oxidative stress has a direct impact on chronic inflammation, and as results, prolonged inflammation ultimately results in fibrosis. Different types of antioxidants, in the forms of vitamins, natural compounds or synthetic ones, have been proven to be beneficial in the protection against fibrotic conditions both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we reviewed the role of different compounds with antioxidant activity in induction or inhibition of TGF-β/SMAD signalling pathway, with regard to different fibrotic conditions such as gastro-intestinal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, skin fibrosis, renal fibrosis and also some rare cases of fibrosis, both in animal models and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri‐Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Arian Askari
- Phytochemistry Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr HospitalTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mohammad Seify
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences InstituteShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Yeganeh Koohestanidehaghi
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences InstituteShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of PharmacyHawler Medical UniversityErbilIraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human GeneticsJena University HospitalJenaGermany
- Urology and Nephrology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Majid Samsami
- Cancer Research Center, Loghman Hakim HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Wang X, Li M, Yin J, Fang J, Ying Y, Ye T, Zhang F, Ma S, Qin H, Liu X. Emetine dihydrochloride alleviated radiation-induced lung injury through inhibiting EMT. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3839-3850. [PMID: 37723905 PMCID: PMC10718159 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), divided into early radiation pneumonia (RP) and late radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF), is a common serious disease after clinical chest radiotherapy or nuclear accident, which seriously threatens the life safety of patients. There has been no effective prevention or treatment strategy till now. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key step in the occurrence and development of RILI. In this study, we demonstrated that emetine dihydrochloride (EDD) alleviated RILI through inhibiting EMT. We found that EDD significantly attenuated EMT-related markers, reduced Smad3 phosphorylation expression after radiation. Then, for the first time, we observed EDD alleviated lung hyperaemia and reduced collagen deposit induced by irradiation, providing protection against RILI. Finally, it was found that EDD inhibited radiation-induced EMT in lung tissues. Our study suggested that EDD alleviated RILI through inhibiting EMT by blocking Smad3 signalling pathways. In summary, our results indicated that EDD is a novel potential radioprotector for RILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of NeurologyThe Third Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Thyroid SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jizhong Yin
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiayan Fang
- School of Public Health and ManagementWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yimeng Ying
- School of Public Health and ManagementWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Tianxia Ye
- School of Public Health and ManagementWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Fangxiao Zhang
- School of Public Health and ManagementWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Shumei Ma
- School of Public Health and ManagementWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Hongran Qin
- Department of Nuclear Radiation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- School of Public Health and ManagementWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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Abdelhady R, Cavalu S, Saber S, Elmowafy R, Morsy NE, Ibrahim S, Abdeldaiem MSI, Samy M, Abd-Eldayem MA, Shata A, Elgharabawy RM. Mirtazepine, an atypical antidepressant, mitigates lung fibrosis by suppressing NLPR3 inflammasome and fibrosis-related mediators in endotracheal bleomycin rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114553. [PMID: 36934553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and irreversible lung disease with a poor prognosis. There is currently no definitive cure for IPF. The present study establishes a platform for the development of a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of PF using the atypical antidepressant, mirtazapine. In the endotracheal bleomycin rat model, mirtazapine interfered with the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via downregulating the NLRP3 on the gene and protein expression levels. Accordingly, the downstream mediators IL-1β and IL-18 were repressed. Such observation is potentially a direct result of the reported improvement in oxidative stress. Additionally, mirtazapine corrected the bleomycin-induced disparities in the levels of the fibrogenic mediators TGF-β, PDGF-BB, and TIMP-1, in consequence, the lung content of hydroxyproline and the expression of α-SMA were reduced. Besides, mirtazapine curbed the ICAM-1 and the chemotactic cytokines MCP-1 and CXCL4. This protective property of mirtazapine resulted in improving the BALF total and differential cell counts, diminishing LDH activity, and reducing the BALF total protein. Moreover, the inflammation and fibrosis scores were accordingly lower. To conclude, we reveal for the first time the efficacy of mirtazapine as a potential treatment for PF. The combination of social isolation, sleep problems, breathing difficulties, and fear of death can lead to psychological distress and depression in patients with IPF. Hence, mirtazapine is a promising treatment option that may improve the prognosis for IPF patients due to its antifibrotic effects, as well as its ability to alleviate depressive episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abdelhady
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt.
| | - Rasha Elmowafy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Nesreen Elsayed Morsy
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, Mansoura University Sleep Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Samar Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12451, Egypt.
| | | | - Mervat Samy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Marwa A Abd-Eldayem
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Shata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt.
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Zheng J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Chen W, Luo M, Zhang C, Wang Y, Chen L, Wu F, Yang W, Yang Z, Wang Y, Shi C. Near-infrared Nrf2 activator IR-61 dye alleviates radiation-induced lung injury. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:411-426. [PMID: 36201846 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2132942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress injury and subsequent inflammatory response are considered to play critical roles in radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that regulates oxidative stress response and represses inflammation, but its therapeutic value in RILI remains elusive. Our previous studies have shown that the near-infrared (NIR) IR-61 dye evokes intracellular antioxidant defence by enhancing Nrf2 signalling and promoting anti-inflammatory effects. We established a model of RILI in mice exposed to whole-thoracic irradiation. The results showed that IR-61 treatment notably improved pulmonary functions by decreasing lung density and diminishing airway resistance. In addition, IR-61 significantly ameliorated radiation-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) release, thereby mitigating inflammatory response. Furthermore, IR-61 mitigated radiation-induced lung fibrosis by decreasing the collagen deposition and the levels of fibrogenesis-related factors (collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA, and fibronectin). More importantly, IR-61 was found to accumulate in the mitochondria of macrophages in irradiated lung tissues. Therefore, the functions of IR-61 in macrophages were further studied in irradiated macrophage cell lines, MH-s and RAW 264.7 in vitro. The results indicated that IR-61 upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and haem oxygenase-1(HO-1) and decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) in macrophages after radiation. In summary, our study suggests that IR-61 effectively mitigates RILI by activating Nrf2 signalling in irradiated lung tissues. In particular, Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in irradiated lung tissue macrophages play critical roles in protecting against RILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Zheng
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanchao Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Breast and Thyroid Surgical Department, Chongqing General Hospital, 401147, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
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Jiao J, Li L, Yao W, Qin W, Hao C, Lu L. Influence of Silica Exposure for Lung Silicosis Rat. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:6268091. [PMID: 34938375 PMCID: PMC8687785 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6268091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of silica exposure on the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in lung silicosis rat. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into an experimental group and a control group. In the experimental group, rats were exposed to silica by intratracheal instillation. In the control group, rats were exposed to physiological saline by intratracheal instillation. After 45 days, we compared the level of fibrosis and CTGF, TGF-β1, and PDGF in the lungs by immunohistochemistry or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction between the two groups. RESULTS The results showed that the expression levels of CTGF, TGF-β1, and PDGF mRNA were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The positive staining of CTGF, TGF-β1, and PDGF mRNA was found in the cytoplasm, especially in the silicotic nodules of the hyalinisation section and cell endochylema of the alveolar macrophages, type II pneumonocytes, and lung tracheal epithelium. There were significantly positive correlations between CTGF, TGF-β1, and PDGF expressions (P < 0.05). A protein-protein interaction analysis showed interactions between TGF-β1, CTGF, and PDGF. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β/CTGF signaling pathway plays an important role in silicosis. Silicon dioxide exposure can induce the expression of CTGF, TGF-β1, and PDGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiao
- 1Henan Provincial Institute for Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Li
- 2The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wu Yao
- 3School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weidong Qin
- 1Henan Provincial Institute for Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Changfu Hao
- 3School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- 4Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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