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Jing L, Zhang B, Sun J, Feng J, Fu D. Prognostic insights and immune microenvironment delineation in acute myeloid leukemia by ferroptosis-derived signature. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28237. [PMID: 38532996 PMCID: PMC10963645 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents as a prevalent and formidable hematological malignancy, characterized by notably low 5-year survival rates. Ferroptosis has been found to be correlated with cancer initiation, therapeutic response, and clinical outcome. Nevertheless, the involvement of Ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in AML remains ambiguous. Five independent AML cohorts totaling 1,470 (GSE37642, GSE12417, GSE10358, Beat-AML, and TCGA-AML) patients with clinical information were used to systematically investigated the influence of these FRGs expression on outcome and tumor microenvironment. The integration of these datasets led to the subdivision into training and validation sets. Nineteen FRGs were identified as correlated with the overall survival (OS) of AML patients, primarily enriched in ferroptosis, fatty acid metabolism, and leukemia-related signaling pathways. The prognostic signature, consisting of 11 FRGs, was formulated using LASSO-Cox stepwise regression analysis. Patients with high-risk scores exhibited reduced survival compared to those in the low-risk group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis underscored the signature's robust predictive accuracy. The high predictive efficacy was confirmed by both internal and external validation datasets. Leukemia and signaling related to immune regulation were mainly enriched pathways of the differentially expressed genes by comparing high- and low-risk groups. The immune composition deconvolution might indicate an immunosuppressive niche in the high-risk patients. The pRRophetic algorithm exploration unveiled chemical drugs with potentially sensitivity among patients in both groups. Collectively, our study developed a ferroptosis-derived prognostic signature that provides the OS prediction and identifies the immune microenvironment for AML patients on large-scale AML cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Jing
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Biyu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
| | - Jueping Feng
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, 430033, China
| | - Denggang Fu
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
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2
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McNair AJ, Markby GR, Tang Q, MacRae VE, Corcoran BM. TGF-β phospho antibody array identifies altered SMAD2, PI3K/AKT/SMAD, and RAC signaling contribute to the pathogenesis of myxomatous mitral valve disease. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1202001. [PMID: 37908840 PMCID: PMC10613673 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1202001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TGFβ signaling appears to contribute to the pathogenesis of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in both dogs and humans. However, little is known about the extent of the downstream signaling changes that will then affect cell phenotype and function in both species. Objective Identify changes in downstream signals in the TGFβ pathway in canine MMVD and examine the effects of antagonism of one significant signal (SMAD2 was selected). Materials and methods Canine cultures of normal quiescent valve interstitial cells (qVICs) and disease-derived activated myofibroblasts (aVICs) (n = 6) were examined for TGFβ signaling protein expression using a commercial antibody array. Significant changes were confirmed, and additional proteins of interest downstream in the TGFβ signaling pathway and markers of cell phenotype were examined (PRAS40, S6K, elF4E IRS-1, αSMA, and VIM), using protein immunoblotting. RT-PCR examined expression of gene markers of VIC activation (ACTA2, TAGLN, and MYH10; encoding the proteins αSMA, SM22, and Smemb, respectively). Attenuation of pSMAD2 in aVICs was examined using a combination of RNA interference technology (siRNA) and the SMAD7 (antagonizes SMAD2) agonist asiaticoside. Results The antibody array identified significant changes (P < 0.05) in 19 proteins, of which six were phosphorylated (p). There was increased expression of pSMAD2 and pRAC1 and decreased expression of pmTOR, pERK1/2, and pAKT1. Expression of pPRAS40 and pIRS-1 was increased, as was the mTOR downstream transcription factor pS6K, with increased expression of peIF4E in aVICs, indicating negative feedback control of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. SMAD2 antagonism by siRNA and the SMAD7 agonist asiaticoside decreased detection of pSMAD by at least 50%, significantly decreased expression of the aVIC gene markers ACTA2, TAGLN, and MYH10, and pαSMA, pAKT2, and pERK1, but had no effect on pS6K, pERK2, or pVIM expression in aVICs. SMAD2 antagonism transitioned diseased aVICs to normal qVICs, while maintaining a mesenchymal phenotype (VIM+) while concurrently affecting non-canonical TGFβ signaling. Conclusion MMVD is associated with changes in both the canonical and non-canonical TGFβ signaling pathway. Antagonism of SMAD2 transitions diseased-activated myofibroblasts back to a normal phenotype, providing data that will inform studies on developing novel therapeutics to treat MMVD in dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. McNair
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easterbush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - Greg R. Markby
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easterbush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - Qiyu Tang
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easterbush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky E. MacRae
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easterbush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan M. Corcoran
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easterbush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, United Kingdom
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easterbush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, United Kingdom
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Fu D, Zhang B, Wu S, Feng J, Jiang H. Molecular subtyping of acute myeloid leukemia through ferroptosis signatures predicts prognosis and deciphers the immune microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1207642. [PMID: 37691822 PMCID: PMC10483833 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1207642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most aggressive hematological malignancies with a low 5-year survival rate and high rate of relapse. Developing more efficient therapies is an urgent need for AML treatment. Accumulating evidence showed that ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, is closely correlated with cancer initiation and clinical outcome through reshaping the tumor microenvironment. However, understanding of AML heterogeneity based on extensive profiling of ferroptosis signatures remains to be investigated yet. Herein, five independent AML transcriptomic datasets (TCGA-AML, GSE37642, GSE12417, GSE10358, and GSE106291) were obtained from the GEO and TCGA databases. Then, we identified two ferroptosis-related molecular subtypes (C1 and C2) with distinct prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) by consensus clustering. Patients in the C1 subtype were associated with favorable clinical outcomes and increased cytotoxic immune cell infiltration, including CD8+/central memory T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and non-regulatory CD4+ T cells while showing decreased suppressive immune subsets such as M2 macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes. Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) implied that cell activation involved in immune response, leukocyte cell-cell adhesion and migration, and cytokine production were the main biological processes. Phagosome, antigen processing and presentation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, B-cell receptor, and chemokine were identified as the major pathways. To seize the distinct landscape in C1 vs. C2 subtypes, a 5-gene prognostic signature (LSP1, IL1R2, MPO, CRIP1, and SLC24A3) was developed using LASSO Cox stepwise regression analysis and further validated in independent AML cohorts. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups, and decreased survival rates were observed in high- vs. low-risk groups. The TIME between high- and low-risk groups has a similar scenery in C1 vs. C2 subtypes. Single-cell-level analysis verified that LSP1 and CRIP1 were upregulated in AML and exhausted CD8+ T cells. Dual targeting of these two markers might present a promising immunotherapeutic for AML. In addition, potential effective chemical drugs for AML were predicted. Thus, we concluded that molecular subtyping using ferroptosis signatures could characterize the TIME and provide implications for monitoring clinical outcomes and predicting novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denggang Fu
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Biyu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Ling Q, Mao S, Pan J, Wei W, Qian Y, Li F, Huang S, Ye W, Lin X, Huang J, Wang J, Jin J. CPT1B, a metabolic molecule, is also an independent risk factor in CN-AML. Cancer Biomark 2023:CBM210043. [PMID: 36938722 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid oxidation has been considered as an important energy source for tumorigenesis and development. Several studies have investigated the role of CPT1A, a kind of fatty acid oxidation rate-limiting enzyme, in AML. However, prognostic value and regulatory network of another subtype, CPT1B in AML remains elusive. This study aims to clarify the independent prognostic role of CPT1B in CN-AML based on clinical data and molecular level data (mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of CPT1B in AML patients. METHODS First, we analyzed the CPT1B expression in AML cohort via the online database "GEPIA". Subsequently, miRNA-mRNA and ceRNA networks were constructed to help predict the role of CPT1B in AML. Several molecules which showed the prognostic value and metabolic function of CPT1B were identified. Finally, the expression of CPT1B in our own cohort of 324 CN-AML patients was analyzed to clarify the results. RESULTS It was found that CPT1B was markedly higher in AML patients compared to normal people and this upregulation was associated with the poor clinical outcome. Several molecules revealed the possible regulatory mechanism of CPT1B in AML. CONCLUSION CPT1B is a potential prognostic factor and a therapeutic target for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ling
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shihui Mao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwen Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fenglin Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenle Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjie Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ming H, Li B, Jiang J, Qin S, Nice EC, He W, Lang T, Huang C. Protein degradation: expanding the toolbox to restrain cancer drug resistance. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:6. [PMID: 36694209 PMCID: PMC9872387 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in clinical management, drug resistance remains a major obstacle. Recent research based on protein degradation to restrain drug resistance has attracted wide attention, and several therapeutic strategies such as inhibition of proteasome with bortezomib and proteolysis-targeting chimeric have been developed. Compared with intervention at the transcriptional level, targeting the degradation process seems to be a more rapid and direct strategy. Proteasomal proteolysis and lysosomal proteolysis are the most critical quality control systems responsible for the degradation of proteins or organelles. Although proteasomal and lysosomal inhibitors (e.g., bortezomib and chloroquine) have achieved certain improvements in some clinical application scenarios, their routine application in practice is still a long way off, which is due to the lack of precise targeting capabilities and inevitable side effects. In-depth studies on the regulatory mechanism of critical protein degradation regulators, including E3 ubiquitin ligases, deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs), and chaperones, are expected to provide precise clues for developing targeting strategies and reducing side effects. Here, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of protein degradation in regulating drug efflux, drug metabolism, DNA repair, drug target alteration, downstream bypass signaling, sustaining of stemness, and tumor microenvironment remodeling to delineate the functional roles of protein degradation in drug resistance. We also highlight specific E3 ligases, DUBs, and chaperones, discussing possible strategies modulating protein degradation to target cancer drug resistance. A systematic summary of the molecular basis by which protein degradation regulates tumor drug resistance will help facilitate the development of appropriate clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ming
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Tingyuan Lang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China. .,Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Cuesta-Casanovas L, Delgado-Martínez J, Cornet-Masana JM, Carbó JM, Clément-Demange L, Risueño RM. Lysosome-mediated chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:233-244. [PMID: 35582535 PMCID: PMC8992599 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the outstanding advances in understanding the biology underlying the pathophysiology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the promising preclinical data published lastly, AML treatment still relies on a classic chemotherapy regimen largely unchanged for the past five decades. Recently, new drugs have been approved for AML, but the real clinical benefit is still under evaluation. Nevertheless, primary refractory and relapse AML continue to represent the main clinical challenge, as the majority of AML patients will succumb to the disease despite achieving a complete remission during the induction phase. As such, treatments for chemoresistant AML represent an unmet need in this disease. Although great efforts have been made to decipher the biological basis for leukemogenesis, the mechanism by which AML cells become resistant to chemotherapy is largely unknown. The identification of the signaling pathways involved in resistance may lead to new combinatory therapies or new therapeutic approaches suitable for this subset of patients. Several mechanisms of chemoresistance have been identified, including drug transporters, key secondary messengers, and metabolic regulators. However, no therapeutic approach targeting chemoresistance has succeeded in clinical trials, especially due to broad secondary effects in healthy cells. Recent research has highlighted the importance of lysosomes in this phenomenon. Lysosomes' key role in resistance to chemotherapy includes the potential to sequester drugs, central metabolic signaling role, and gene expression regulation. These results provide further evidence to support the development of new therapeutic approaches that target lysosomes in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Cuesta-Casanovas
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona 08916, Spain
- Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) 08193, Spain
| | - Jennifer Delgado-Martínez
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona 08916, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | - José M. Carbó
- Leukos Biotech, Muntaner, 383, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | | | - Ruth M. Risueño
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona 08916, Spain
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7
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Messling JE, Agger K, Andersen KL, Kromer K, Kuepper HM, Lund AH, Helin K. Targeting RIOK2 ATPase activity leads to decreased protein synthesis and cell death in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2022; 139:245-255. [PMID: 34359076 PMCID: PMC8759535 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapies for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are urgently needed, because current treatments do not cure most patients with AML. We report a domain-focused, kinome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening that identified protein kinase targets for the treatment of AML, which led to the identification of Rio-kinase 2 (RIOK2) as a potential novel target. Loss of RIOK2 led to a decrease in protein synthesis and to ribosomal instability followed by apoptosis in leukemic cells, but not in fibroblasts. Moreover, the ATPase function of RIOK2 was necessary for cell survival. When a small-molecule inhibitor was used, pharmacological inhibition of RIOK2 similarly led to loss of protein synthesis and apoptosis and affected leukemic cell growth in vivo. Our results provide proof of concept for targeting RIOK2 as a potential treatment of patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Erik Messling
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Karl Agger
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | | | - Kristina Kromer
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Hanna M Kuepper
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | | | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
- Cell Biology Program and
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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8
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Zheng H, Ning Y, Zhan Y, Liu S, Wen Q, Fan S. New insights into the important roles of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2537-2547. [PMID: 34326692 PMCID: PMC8315021 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein-1) is mainly expressed in various immune cells, while its ligands PD-L1/PD-L2 (Programmed death ligand-1/Programmed death ligand-2) are mostly expressed in tumor cells. Generally, the binding of PD-L1/PD-L2 and PD-1 could lead to the tumor immune evasion. However, some recent studies showed that PD-1 could also be expressed in tumor cells and could activate mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin) or Hippo signaling pathway, therefore facilitating tumor proliferation independent of the immune system. While there was evidence that tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 inhibited the activation of AKT and ERK1/2 pathways, thereby inhibiting tumor cell growth. Based on TCGA and CCLE database, we found that PD-1 was expressed in a variety of tumors and was associated with patient's prognosis. Besides, we found that PD-1 may be involved in many carcinogenic signaling pathway on the basis of PD-1 gene enrichment analysis of cancer tissues and cancer cells. Our understanding of the tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 function is still limited. This review is aimed at elaborating the potential effects of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 on carcinogenesis, providing a novel insight into the effects of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, and helping to open a major epoch of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yue Ning
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Sile Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qiuyuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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9
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Lawal B, Lo WC, Mokgautsi N, Sumitra MR, Khedkar H, Wu ATH, Huang HS. A preclinical report of a cobimetinib-inspired novel anticancer small-molecule scaffold of isoflavones, NSC777213, for targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR/MEK in multiple cancers. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2590-2617. [PMID: 34249417 PMCID: PMC8263676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) signaling pathways are critical for normal human physiology, and any alteration in their regulation leads to several human cancers. These pathways are well interconnected and share a survival mechanism for escaping the depressant effect of antagonists. Therefore, novel small molecules capable of targeting both pathways with minimal or no toxicity are better alternatives to current drugs, which are disadvantaged by their accompanying resistance and toxicity. In this study, we demonstrate that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/MEK is a crucial oncoimmune signature in multiple cancers. Moreover, we describe NSC777213, a novel isoflavone core and cobimetinib-inspired small molecule, which exhibit both antiproliferative activities against all panels of NCI60 human tumor cell lines (except COLO205 and HT29) and a selective cytotoxic preference for melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), brain, renal, and ovarian cancer cell lines. Notably, for NSC777213 treatment, chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell lines, including SK-OV-3, OVCAR-3, OVCAR-4, and NCI/ADR-RES, exhibited a higher antiproliferative sensitivity (total growth inhibition (TGI) = 7.62-31.50 µM) than did the parental cell lines OVCAR-8 and IGROV1 (TGI > 100 µM). NSC777213 had a mechanistic correlation with clinical inhibitors of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/MEK. NSC777213 demonstrates robust binding interactions and higher affinities for AKT and mTOR than did isoflavone, and also demonstrate a higher affinity for human MEK-1 kinase than some MEK inhibitors under clinical developments. In addition, treatment of U251 and U87MG cells with NSC777213 significantly downregulated the expression levels of the total and phosphorylated forms of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/MEK. Our study suggests that NSC777213 is a promising PI3K/AKT/mTOR/MEK inhibitor for further preclinical and clinical evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent, particularly for the treatment of NSCLC, melanoma, and brain, renal, and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Lawal
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia SinicaTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Lo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University HospitalTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ntlotlang Mokgautsi
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia SinicaTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Maryam Rachmawati Sumitra
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia SinicaTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Harshita Khedkar
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia SinicaTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Alexander TH Wu
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- The PhD Program of Translational Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Shan Huang
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia SinicaTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei 11490, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
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10
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Qin Y, Jiang X, Yang Q, Zhao J, Zhou Q, Zhou Y. The Functions, Methods, and Mobility of Mitochondrial Transfer Between Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:672781. [PMID: 34041035 PMCID: PMC8141658 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.672781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles in cells, regulating energy metabolism and apoptosis. Mitochondrial transcellular transfer plays a crucial role during physiological and pathological conditions, such as rescuing recipient cells from bioenergetic deficit and tumorigenesis. Studies have shown several structures that conduct transcellular transfer of mitochondria, including tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and Cx43 gap junctions (GJs). The intra- and intercellular transfer of mitochondria is driven by a transport complex. Mitochondrial Rho small GTPase (MIRO) may be the adaptor that connects the transport complex with mitochondria, and myosin XIX is the motor protein of the transport complex, which participates in the transcellular transport of mitochondria through TNTs. In this review, the roles of TNTs, EVs, GJs, and related transport complexes in mitochondrial transcellular transfer are discussed in detail, as well as the formation mechanisms of TNTs and EVs. This review provides the basis for the development of potential clinical therapies targeting the structures of mitochondrial transcellular transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang City, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Darici S, Alkhaldi H, Horne G, Jørgensen HG, Marmiroli S, Huang X. Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR in AML: Rationale and Clinical Evidence. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092934. [PMID: 32932888 PMCID: PMC7563273 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy characterized by excessive proliferation and accumulation of immature myeloid blasts in the bone marrow. AML has a very poor 5-year survival rate of just 16% in the UK; hence, more efficacious, tolerable, and targeted therapy is required. Persistent leukemia stem cell (LSC) populations underlie patient relapse and development of resistance to therapy. Identification of critical oncogenic signaling pathways in AML LSC may provide new avenues for novel therapeutic strategies. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, is often hyperactivated in AML, required to sustain the oncogenic potential of LSCs. Growing evidence suggests that targeting key components of this pathway may represent an effective treatment to kill AML LSCs. Despite this, accruing significant body of scientific knowledge, PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors have not translated into clinical practice. In this article, we review the laboratory-based evidence of the critical role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in AML, and outcomes from current clinical studies using PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors. Based on these results, we discuss the putative mechanisms of resistance to PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition, offering rationale for potential candidate combination therapies incorporating PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors for precision medicine in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salihanur Darici
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK; (H.A.); (G.H.); (H.G.J.)
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (X.H.); Tel.: +44-0141-301-7883 (S.D.); +44-0141-301-7884 (X.H.)
| | - Hazem Alkhaldi
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK; (H.A.); (G.H.); (H.G.J.)
| | - Gillian Horne
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK; (H.A.); (G.H.); (H.G.J.)
| | - Heather G. Jørgensen
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK; (H.A.); (G.H.); (H.G.J.)
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Xu Huang
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK; (H.A.); (G.H.); (H.G.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (X.H.); Tel.: +44-0141-301-7883 (S.D.); +44-0141-301-7884 (X.H.)
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12
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Baldini R, Mascaro M, Meroni G. The MID1 gene product in physiology and disease. Gene 2020; 747:144655. [PMID: 32283114 PMCID: PMC8011326 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MID1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the Tripartite Motif (TRIM) subfamily of RING-containing proteins, hence also known as TRIM18. MID1 is a microtubule-binding protein found in complex with the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) and its regulatory subunit alpha 4 (α4). To date, several substrates and interactors of MID1 have been described, providing evidence for the involvement of MID1 in a plethora of essential biological processes, especially during embryonic development. Mutations in the MID1 gene are responsible of the X-linked form of Opitz syndrome (XLOS), a multiple congenital disease characterised by defects in the development of midline structures during embryogenesis. Here, we review MID1-related physiological mechanisms as well as the pathological implication of the MID1 gene in XLOS and in other clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Baldini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Mascaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Germana Meroni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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13
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Wang X, Zhang R, Lin Y, Shi P. Inhibition of NF-κB might enhance the protective role of roflupram on SH-SY5Y cells under amyloid β stimulation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:864-874. [PMID: 32314929 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1759588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and mostly endanger the health of people older than 65 years. Accumulation of beta amyloid protein (Aβ) is the main characteristic of AD. Roflupram (ROF) could improve the behavior of AD in a mouse model. In this study, we first detected the increased concentration of molecules related to inflammatory response in serum sample of patients with AD. Next, a cell model of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibition and NF-κB overexpression was established in SH-SY5Y cells, Aβ was used to simulate the toxicity to cells. ROF treatment decreased expression of apoptosis-related molecules via inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory factors, and increased expression of key enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was observed in SH-SY5Y cells after ROF treatment. Inhibition of NF-κB could enlarge these trends whereas overexpression of NF-κB could reduce these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Wang
- Neurology Department, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China.,Neurology Department, The Second Hospital of Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University,Shandong, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Neurology Department, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yongquan Lin
- Emergency Department, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Peng Shi
- No. 2 Department of Neurology, Yan Tai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, China
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14
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Pinto-Díez C, Ferreras-Martín R, Carrión-Marchante R, González VM, Martín ME. Deeping in the Role of the MAP-Kinases Interacting Kinases (MNKs) in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082967. [PMID: 32340135 PMCID: PMC7215568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinases (MNKs) are involved in oncogenic transformation and can promote metastasis and tumor progression. In human cells, there are four MNKs isoforms (MNK1a/b and MNK2a/b), derived from two genes by alternative splicing. These kinases play an important role controlling the expression of specific proteins involved in cell cycle, cell survival and cell motility via eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) regulation, but also through other substrates such as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor and Sprouty 2. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of MNK in human cancers, describing the studies conducted to date to elucidate the mechanism involved in the action of MNKs, as well as the development of MNK inhibitors in different hematological cancers and solid tumors.
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15
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Zeng H, Wu H, Yan M, Tang L, Guo X, Zhao X. Characterization of a 4 lncRNAs-based prognostic risk scoring system in adults with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2019; 88:106261. [PMID: 31739140 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2019.106261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aims to develop a prognostic scoring system based on prognostic lncRNAs for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS Based on lncRNA expression profiles downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DELs) between good prognosis and bad prognosis samples were screened, from which prognosis-related lncRNAs were selected using uni-variate and multi-variate Cox regression analysis. Based on the expression profiles of these signature prognosis-related lncRNAs, a risk scoring system was developed and applied to a training set and validated on a testing set. With sample-matched mRNAs of the signature lncRNAs, lncRNA-mRNA networks were built, followed by function analysis for the mRNAs in these networks. RESULT Total 66 DELs were identified between good prognosis and bad prognosis samples. Among these DELs, LINC01003, CTD-2234N14, RP1-137K24, and RP11-834C111 were found to be independent predictors of prognosis. A risk scoring system based on the expressions of the 4 signature lncRNAs was developed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found that the risk score system could classify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with significantly different survival outcomes. Function analysis showed that the mRNAs in these lncRNA-mRNA networks were significantly linked to mTOR signaling pathway, apoptosis, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, and T cell receptor signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This study suggested a promising 4 prognostic lncRNAs-based risk scoring system in AML. These 4 lncRNAs may play roles in regulating prognosis partly via mTOR signaling pathway, apoptosis, and some immune-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314000, China
| | - Haibing Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314000, China
| | - Minchao Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314000, China
| | - Lun Tang
- Department of Hematology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314000, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314000, China.
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16
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Xiao H, Cheng Q, Wu X, Tang Y, Liu J, Li X. ADAR1 may be involved in the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells via regulation of the Wnt pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8547-8555. [PMID: 31572009 PMCID: PMC6759212 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s210504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of leukemia and characterized by the malignant growth of leukemic cells. Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) have been shown to participate in the proliferation of cancer cells and progression of various cancers. However, the role of ADAR1 in AML has not been investigated. Patients and methods We compared the expression levels of ADAR1 between samples obtained from different AML patients and controls using quantitative-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. We also investigated the functional role and possible mechanisms via silencing the expression of ADAR1 in vitro and in vivo. Results We found that the mRNA and protein levels of ADAR1 were significantly higher in AML patients. The mRNA expression of ADAR1 was positively correlated with the ratio of leukemic cells. Additionally, silencing of ADAR1 expression significantly suppressed the proliferation of AML cells and induced G0/1 arrest. For the analysis of the mechanism, the quantitative-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting results revealed that ADAR1 knockdown resulted in the decreased expression of Wingless-Int (Wnt) effectors including β-catenin, c-Myc, transcription factor 4, and cyclin D2. In the nude mouse model, inhibition of ADAR1 expression reduced the tumorigenic potential and decreased the expression o]f Wnt effectors. Conclusion These results demonstrate that ADAR1 may be involved in the regulation of the proliferation of AML cells partially via regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishu Tang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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17
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Stuani L, Sabatier M, Sarry JE. Exploiting metabolic vulnerabilities for personalized therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. BMC Biol 2019; 17:57. [PMID: 31319822 PMCID: PMC6637566 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in cell metabolism and metabolic adaptation are hallmark features of many cancers, including leukemia, that support biological processes involved into tumor initiation, growth, and response to therapeutics. The discovery of mutations in key metabolic enzymes has highlighted the importance of metabolism in cancer biology and how these changes might constitute an Achilles heel for cancer treatment. In this Review, we discuss the role of metabolic and mitochondrial pathways dysregulated in acute myeloid leukemia, and the potential of therapeutic intervention targeting these metabolic dependencies on the proliferation, differentiation, stem cell function and cell survival to improve patient stratification and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Stuani
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, F-31037, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marie Sabatier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, F-31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, F-31037, Toulouse, France.
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18
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Targeting mTOR in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020190. [PMID: 30795552 PMCID: PMC6406494 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive hematologic disorder and constitutes approximately 25% of cancer diagnoses among children and teenagers. Pediatric patients have a favourable prognosis, with 5-years overall survival rates near 90%, while adult ALL still correlates with poorer survival. However, during the past few decades, the therapeutic outcome of adult ALL was significantly ameliorated, mainly due to intensive pediatric-based protocols of chemotherapy. Mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase belonging to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-related kinase family (PIKK) and resides in two distinct signalling complexes named mTORC1, involved in mRNA translation and protein synthesis and mTORC2 that controls cell survival and migration. Moreover, both complexes are remarkably involved in metabolism regulation. Growing evidence reports that mTOR dysregulation is related to metastatic potential, cell proliferation and angiogenesis and given that PI3K/Akt/mTOR network activation is often associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in ALL, there is a constant need to discover novel inhibitors for ALL treatment. Here, the current knowledge of mTOR signalling and the development of anti-mTOR compounds are documented, reporting the most relevant results from both preclinical and clinical studies in ALL that have contributed significantly into their efficacy or failure.
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19
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Wang C, Liu E, Li W, Cui J, Li T. MiR-3188 Inhibits Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation Through FOXO1-Mediated mTOR-p-PI3K/AKT-c-JUN Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1362. [PMID: 30618730 PMCID: PMC6297856 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of miR-3188 on the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells and its relationship to FOXO1-modulated feedback loop. Two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines A549 and H1299 were used. RNA silencing was achieved by lentiviral transfection. Cell proliferation was assessed by immunohistochemical staining of Ki67 and PCNA, Edu incorporation, and colony formation assay. Western blotting was used to examine expression of FOXO1, mTOR, p-mTOR, CCND1, p21, c-JUN, AKT, pAKT, PI3K, p-PI3K, and p27 proteins. It was found that miR-3188 reduced cell proliferation in NSCLC cells. Molecular analyses indicated that the effect of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was directly mediated by miR-3188, leading to p-PI3K/p-AKT/c-JUN inactivation. The inhibition of this signaling pathway further caused cell-cycle suppression. Moreover, FOXO1 was found to be involved in regulating the interaction of miR-3188 and mTOR through p-PI3K/p-AKT/c-JUN signaling pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrated that miR-3188 interacts with mTOR and FOXO1 to inhibit NSCLC cell proliferation through a mTOR-p-PI3K/AKT-c-JUN signaling pathway. Therefore, miR-3188 might be a potential target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou Institute of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou Institute of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou Institute of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jue Cui
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou Institute of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tongxiang Li
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou Institute of Technology, Xuzhou, China
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20
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Cheng M, Lv X, Zhang C, Du W, Liu Y, Zhu L, Hao J. DNMT1, a Novel Regulator Mediating mTORC1/mTORC2 Pathway-Induced NGF Expression in Schwann Cells. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2141-2154. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Herschbein L, Liesveld JL. Dueling for dual inhibition: Means to enhance effectiveness of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors in AML. Blood Rev 2017; 32:235-248. [PMID: 29276026 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway is amplified in 60-80% of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Since this complex pathway is crucial to cell functions such as growth, proliferation, and survival, inhibition of this pathway would be postulated to inhibit leukemia initiation and propagation. Inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway has met with limited success in AML due to multiple resistance mechanisms including direct insensitivity of the mTORC1 complex, feedback activation of the PI3k/Akt signaling network, insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) activation of PI3K, and others. This review explores the role of mTOR inhibition in AML, mechanisms of resistance, and means to improve outcomes through use of dual mTORC1/2 inhibitors or dual TORC/PI3K inhibitors. How these inhibitors interface with currently available therapies in AML will require additional preclinical experiments and conduct of well-designed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Herschbein
- Department of Medicine, The James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Jane L Liesveld
- Department of Medicine, The James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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22
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Griessinger E, Moschoi R, Biondani G, Peyron JF. Mitochondrial Transfer in the Leukemia Microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:828-839. [PMID: 29198439 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) is a complex ecosystem that instructs and protects hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their malignant counterparts, the leukemia-initiating cells (LICs). Within the physical and functional crosstalk that takes place between HSCs, LICs, and the BMME, the transfer of organelles and of mitochondria in particular is an important new intercellular communication mode in addition to adhesion molecules, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), and the paracrine secretion of cytokines, (onco)metabolites, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review we discuss the functional roles of mitochondrial transfer between BMME and leukemic cells, and give insights into this new mechanism of drug resistance whose understanding will open the way to innovative anticancer adjuvant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Griessinger
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1065, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, 06204 Nice CEDEX, France.
| | - Ruxanda Moschoi
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1065, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, 06204 Nice CEDEX, France
| | - Giulia Biondani
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1065, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, 06204 Nice CEDEX, France
| | - Jean-François Peyron
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1065, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, 06204 Nice CEDEX, France.
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23
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Tabe Y, Tafuri A, Sekihara K, Yang H, Konopleva M. Inhibition of mTOR kinase as a therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:705-714. [PMID: 28537457 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1333600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common acute leukemia in adults, remains a therapeutic challenge. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway is one of the key aberrant intracellular axes involved in AML. Areas covered: mTOR plays a critical role in sensing and responding to environmental determinants such as nutrient availability, stress, and growth factor concentrations; and in modulating key cellular functions such as proliferation, metabolism, and survival. Although abnormalities of mTOR signaling are strongly associated with neoplastic leukemic proliferation, the role of pharmacologic inhibitors of mTOR in the treatment of AML has not been established. Expert opinion: Inhibition of mTOR signaling has in general modest growth-inhibitory effects in preclinical AML models and clinical trials. Yet, combination of allosteric mTOR inhibitors with standard chemotherapy or targeted agents has a greater anti-leukemia efficacy. In turn, dual mTORC1/2 inhibitors, and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors show greater activity in pre-clinical AML models. Further, understanding the role of mTOR signaling in stemness of leukemias is important because AML stem cells may become chemoresistant by displaying aberrant signaling molecules, modifying epigenetic mechanisms, and altering the components of the bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Tabe
- a Department of Next Generation Hematology Laboratory Medicine , Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.,b Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Agostino Tafuri
- c Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare , "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Kazumasa Sekihara
- d Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine , Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Haeun Yang
- d Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine , Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Marina Konopleva
- b Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Lou M, Zhang LN, Ji PG, Feng FQ, Liu JH, Yang C, Li BF, Wang L. Quercetin nanoparticles induced autophagy and apoptosis through AKT/ERK/Caspase-3 signaling pathway in human neuroglioma cells: In vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Tan P, Tiong IS, Fleming S, Pomilio G, Cummings N, Droogleever M, McManus J, Schwarer A, Catalano J, Patil S, Avery S, Spencer A, Wei A. The mTOR inhibitor everolimus in combination with azacitidine in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: a phase Ib/II study. Oncotarget 2016; 8:52269-52280. [PMID: 28881728 PMCID: PMC5581027 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options are limited in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and preliminary efficacy of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, everolimus (days 5–21) in combination with azacitidine 75 mg/m2 subcutaneously (days 1–5 and 8–9 every 28 days) in 40 patients with relapsed (n = 27), primary refractory (n = 11) or elderly patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy (n = 2). MTD was not reached following everolimus dose escalation (2.5, 5 or 10 mg; n = 19) to the 10 mg dose level which was expanded (n = 21). Major adverse events (grade > 2) were mostly disease-related: neutropenia (73%), thrombocytopenia (67%), mucositis (24%) and febrile neutropenia (19%). Overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 8.5 months, and overall response rate (ORR; including CR/CRi/PR/MLFS) was 22.5%. Furthermore, a landmark analysis beyond cycle 1 revealed superior OS and ORR in patients receiving 2.5 mg everolimus with azoles, compared to those without azoles (median OS 12.8 vs. 6.0 months, P = 0.049, and ORR 50% vs. 16%, P = 0.056), potentially due to achievement of higher everolimus blood levels. This study demonstrates that everolimus in combination with azacitidine is tolerable, with promising clinical activity in advanced AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tan
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ing Soo Tiong
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shaun Fleming
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Giovanna Pomilio
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nik Cummings
- Department of Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Droogleever
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie McManus
- Department of Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Schwarer
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Australia
| | - John Catalano
- Clinical Haematology, Frankston Hospital, Frankston, Australia
| | - Sushrut Patil
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sharon Avery
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Wei
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Brenner AK, Andersson Tvedt TH, Bruserud Ø. The Complexity of Targeting PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signalling in Human Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: The Importance of Leukemic Cell Heterogeneity, Neighbouring Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immunocompetent Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111512. [PMID: 27845732 PMCID: PMC6273124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of PI3K-Akt-mTOR is considered a possible strategy in human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); the most important rationale being the proapoptotic and antiproliferative effects of direct PI3K/mTOR inhibition observed in experimental studies of human AML cells. However, AML is a heterogeneous disease and these effects caused by direct pathway inhibition in the leukemic cells are observed only for a subset of patients. Furthermore, the final effect of PI3K-Akt-mTOR inhibition is modulated by indirect effects, i.e., treatment effects on AML-supporting non-leukemic bone marrow cells. In this article we focus on the effects of this treatment on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and monocytes/macrophages; both these cell types are parts of the haematopoietic stem cell niches in the bone marrow. MSCs have unique membrane molecule and constitutive cytokine release profiles, and mediate their support through bidirectional crosstalk involving both cell-cell contact and the local cytokine network. It is not known how various forms of PI3K-Akt-mTOR targeting alter the molecular mechanisms of this crosstalk. The effect on monocytes/macrophages is also difficult to predict and depends on the targeted molecule. Thus, further development of PI3K-Akt-mTOR targeting into a clinical strategy requires detailed molecular studies in well-characterized experimental models combined with careful clinical studies, to identify patient subsets that are likely to respond to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette K Brenner
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Tor Henrik Andersson Tvedt
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
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Merestinib blocks Mnk kinase activity in acute myeloid leukemia progenitors and exhibits antileukemic effects in vitro and in vivo. Blood 2016; 128:410-4. [PMID: 27307295 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-02-698704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase interacting protein kinases (Mnks) play important roles in the development and progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by regulating eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) activation. Inhibiting Mnk1/2-induced phosphorylation of eIF4E may represent a unique approach for the treatment of AML. We provide evidence for antileukemic effects of merestinib, an orally bioavailable multikinase inhibitor with suppressive effects on Mnk activity. Our studies show that merestinib effectively blocks eIF4E phosphorylation in AML cells and suppresses primitive leukemic progenitors from AML patients in vitro and in an AML xenograft model in vivo. Our findings provide evidence for potent preclinical antileukemic properties of merestinib and support its clinical development for the treatment of patients with AML.
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Mondal D, Mathur A, Chandra PK. Tripping on TRIB3 at the junction of health, metabolic dysfunction and cancer. Biochimie 2016; 124:34-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Distinct Dasatinib-Induced Mechanisms of Apoptotic Response and Exosome Release in Imatinib-Resistant Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:531. [PMID: 27070592 PMCID: PMC4848987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dasatinib is effective in most imatinib mesylate (IMT)-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, the underlying mechanism of its effectiveness in eliminating imatinib-resistant cells is only partially understood. This study investigated the effects of dasatinib on signaling mechanisms driving-resistance in imatinib-resistant CML cell line K562 (K562RIMT). Compared with K562 control cells, exsomal release, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and autophagic activity were increased significantly in K562RIMT cells and mTOR-independent beclin-1/Vps34 signaling was shown to be involved in exosomal release in these cells. We found that Notch1 activation-mediated reduction of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was responsible for the increased Akt/mTOR activities in K562RIMT cells and treatment with Notch1 γ-secretase inhibitor prevented activation of Akt/mTOR. In addition, suppression of mTOR activity by rapamycin decreased the level of activity of p70S6K, induced upregulation of p53 and caspase 3, and led to increase of apoptosis in K562RIMT cells. Inhibition of autophagy by spautin-1 or beclin-1 knockdown decreased exosomal release, but did not affect apoptosis in K562RIMT cells. In summary, in K562RIMT cells dasatinib promoted apoptosis through downregulation of Akt/mTOR activities, while preventing exosomal release and inhibiting autophagy by downregulating expression of beclin-1 and Vps34. Our findings reveal distinct dasatinib-induced mechanisms of apoptotic response and exosomal release in imatinib-resistant CML cells.
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Dinner S, Platanias LC. Targeting the mTOR Pathway in Leukemia. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1745-52. [PMID: 27018341 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Optimal function of multiple intracellular signaling pathways is essential for normal regulation of cellular transcription, translation, growth, proliferation, and survival. Dysregulation or aberrant activation of such cascades can lead to inappropriate cell survival and abnormal cell proliferation in leukemia. Successful treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the BCR-ABL fusion gene is a prime example of effectively inhibiting intracellular signaling cascades. However, even in these patients resistance can develop via emergence of mutations or feedback activation of other pathways that cause refractory disease. Constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been observed in different types of leukemia, including CML, acute myeloid leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Abnormal mTOR activity may contribute to chemotherapy resistance, while it may also be effectively targeted via molecular means and/or development of specific pharmacological inhibitors. This review discusses the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR dysre-gulation in leukemia and summarizes the emergence of preliminary data for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1745-1752, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Dinner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611.,Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60612
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Pandey R, Kapur R. Targeting phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway for the treatment of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:118. [PMID: 26062813 PMCID: PMC4464249 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a diverse group of chronic hematological disorders that involve unregulated clonal proliferation of white blood cells. Sevearl of them are associated with mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases or cytokine receptor associated tyrosine kinases rendering them independent of cytokine-mediated regulation. Classically they have been broadly divided into BCR-ABL1 fusion + ve (Ph + ve) or -ve (Ph-ve) MPNs. Identification of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase as a driver of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and successful application of small molecule inhibitors of the tyrosine kinases in the clinic have triggered the search for kinase dependent pathways in other Ph-ve MPNs. In the past few years, identification of mutations in JAK2 associated with a majority of MPNs raised the hopes for similar success with specific targeting of JAK2. However, targeting JAK2 kinase activity has met with limited success. Subsequently, mutations in genes other than JAK2 have been identified. These mutations specifically associate with certain MPNs and can drive cytokine independent growth. Therefore, targeting alternate molecules and pathways may be more successful in management of MPNs. Among other pathways, phosphatidylinositol -3 kinase (PI3K) has emerged as a promising target as different cell surface receptor induced signaling pathways converge on the PI3K signaling axis to regulate cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, and survival. Herein, we will review the clinically relevant inhibitors of the PI3K pathway that have been evaluated or hold promise for the treatment of Ph-ve MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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