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Hu X, Wang W, Ma T, Zhang W, Tang X, Zheng Y, Zheng X. Long non-coding RNA SIX1-1 promotes proliferation of cervical cancer cells via negative transcriptional regulation of RASD1. Hum Cell 2024; 37:1446-1461. [PMID: 39014290 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer poses a significant health burden for women globally, and the rapid proliferation of cervical cancer cells greatly worsens patient prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating tumor cell proliferation. However, the involvement of lncRNAs in cervical cancer cell proliferation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the lncRNA SIX1-1, which was found to be upregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. Functional assays revealed that knockdown of SIX1-1 inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, SIX1-1 was predominantly localized in the nucleus and could bind with DNMT1 protein. The expression of SIX1-1 enhanced the interaction of DNMT1 with RASD1 promoter, leading to the methylation of the promoter and decreased mRNA transcription. Then RASD1 downregulation activated the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway, promoting cell proliferation. Rescue experiments showed that knockdown of RASD1 restored the inhibited cell proliferation caused by decreased expression of SIX1-1, indicating that RASD1 acted as the functional mediator of SIX1-1. In conclusion, SIX1-1 promoted cervical cancer cell proliferation by modulating RASD1 expression. This suggests that targeting the SIX1-1/RASD1 axis could be a potential antitumor strategy for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No. 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of the NCO School of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No. 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- The Teaching and Experiment Center, Basic Medicine College, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No. 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingru Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No. 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiuhui Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No. 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
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Guo Y, Tian S, Li H, Zuo S, Yu C, Sun C. Transcription factor KLF9 inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration of pancreatic cancer cells by repressing KIAA1522. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2024; 20:423-432. [PMID: 38520660 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis and high mortality. Kruppel-like factor 9 (KLF9), a transcription factor, is aberrantly expressed in various neoplasms. The current study sought to analyze the functional role of KLF9 in the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC cells. METHODS The expression patterns of KLF9 and KIAA1522 in normal pancreatic cells (HPDE-C7) and PC cells (Panc 03.27, BxPc3, SW1990) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. After treatment of KLF9 overexpression, proliferation, invasion, and migration were evaluated by cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining, and Transwell assays. The binding of KLF9 to the KIAA1522 promoter was analyzed by dual-luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The rescue experiment was conducted to analyze the role of KIAA1522. RESULTS KLF9 was downregulated, while KIAA1522 was upregulated in PC cells. KLF9 overexpression mitigated the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC cells. Enrichment of KLF9 led to inhibition of the KIAA1522 promoter and repressed KIAA1522 expression. KIAA1522 overexpression neutralized the inhibitory role of KLF9 in PC cell functions. CONCLUSION KLF9 is enriched in the KIAA1522 promoter and negatively regulates KIAA1522 expression, thereby mitigating the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - She Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi Zuo
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chengyi Sun
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Wang M, Niu X, Wang M, Zheng P, Liu X, Cao Z, Zhang C. Long non-coding RNA RP11-197K6.1 as ceRNA promotes colorectal cancer progression via miR-135a-5p/DLX5 axis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:469. [PMID: 38760791 PMCID: PMC11102157 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health challenge, with high incidence and mortality rates. The role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer progression has received considerable attention. The present study aimed to investigate the function and mechanisms underlying the role of lncRNA RP11-197K6.1, microRNA-135a-5p (hsa-miR-135a-5p), and DLX5 in CRC development. METHODS We analyzed RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Colorectal Cancer dataset to identify the association between lncRNA RP11-197K6.1 and CRC progression. The expression levels of lncRNA RP11-197K6.1 and DLX5 in CRC samples and cell lines were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting assays. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to confirm the cellular localization of lncRNA RP11-197K6.1. Cell migration capabilities were assessed by Transwell and wound healing assays, and flow cytometry was performed to analyze apoptosis. The interaction between lncRNA RP11-197K6.1 and miR-135a-5p and its effect on DLX5 expression were investigated by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Additionally, a xenograft mouse model was used to study the in vivo effects of lncRNA RP11-197K6.1 on tumor growth, and an immunohistochemical assay was performed to assess DLX5 expression in tumor tissues. RESULTS lncRNA RP11-197K6.1 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines as compared to that in normal tissues, and its expression was inversely correlated with patient survival. It promoted the migration and metastasis of CRC cells by interacting with miR-135a-5p, alleviated suppression of DLX5 expression, and facilitated tumor growth. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the regulatory network and mechanism of action of the lncRNA RP11-197K6.1/miR-135a-5p/DLX5 axis in CRC development. These findings provided insights into the molecular pathology of CRC and suggested potential therapeutic targets for more effective treatment of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Wang
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xuben Niu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Maihuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Xiong Y, Kong X, Tu S, Xin W, Wei Y, Yi S, Wan R, Xiao W. LINC02086 inhibits ferroptosis and promotes malignant phenotypes of pancreatic cancer via miR-342-3p/CA9 axis. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:49. [PMID: 38438595 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in modulating the tumorigenesis and progression of malignant tumors. LINC02086 is a newly identified oncogene associated with tumorigenesis, but its role in pancreatic cancer (PC) has not been fully elucidated. In this study we examined the expression levels of LINC02086, miR-342-3p, and CA9 in PC. The relationship of ferroptosis with these factors was analyzed by detecting the expression levels of Fe2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ferroptosis marker proteins. The expression of these genes was altered to observe their effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability. Bioinformatics was used to predict target genes, and the binding relationship was verified luciferase reporter assay. Finally, the function of LINC02086 was evaluated in vivo. The findings suggest that LINC02086 is highly expressed in PC tissues and cell lines and is correlated with a poor prognosis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that LINC02086 knockdown promoted ferroptosis in PC cells to suppress their malignant phenotype. LINC02086 acts as a competitive endogenous RNA that adsorbed miR-342-3p. miR-342-3p hinders the malignant progression of PC by promoting ferroptosis. In addition, miR-342-3p targets CA9 and affects its function. Further mechanistic studies revealed that LINC02086 inhibits ferroptosis and promotes PC progression by acting as a sponge for miR-342-3p to upregulate CA9 expression. In vivo experiments further confirmed this mechanism. Taken together, LINC02086 upregulates CA9 expression by competitively binding with miR-342-3p, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis in PC cells and promoting their malignant phenotype. The results of our study provide new insights into how LINC02086 contributes to the progression of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpeng Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuju Tu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wanpeng Xin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yongyang Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Siqing Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Renhua Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Institute of Digestive Surgery, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Wu X, Wang S, Wu X, Chen Q, Cheng J, Qi Z. Analysis of m 6A-related lncRNAs for prognostic and immunotherapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer 2024; 15:2045-2065. [PMID: 38434979 PMCID: PMC10905389 DOI: 10.7150/jca.92128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: RNA methylation modifications are important post-translational modifications that are regulated in an epigenetic manner. Recently, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modifications have emerged as potential epigenetic markers in tumor biology. Methods: Gene expression and clinicopathological data of LIHC were obtained from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. The relationship between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and m6A-related genes was determined by gene expression analysis using Perl and R software. Co-expression network of m6A-lncRNA was constructed, and the relevant lncRNAs associated with prognosis were identified using univariate Cox regression analysis. These lncRNAs were then divided into two clusters (cluster 1 and cluster 2) to determine the differences in survival, pathoclinical parameters, and immune cell infiltration between the different lncRNA subtypes. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was carried out for regression analysis and prognostic model. The HCC patients were randomly divided into a train group and a test group. According to the median risk score of the model, HCC patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. We built models using the train group and confirmed them through the test group. The m6A-lncRNAs derived from the models were analyzed for the tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune evasion and immune function using R software. AL355574.1 was identified as an important m6A-associated lncRNA and selected for further investigation. Finally, in vitro experiments were conducted to confirm the effect of AL355574.1 on the biological function of HCC and the possible biological mechanisms. Huh7 and HepG2 cells were transfected with AL355574.1 siRNA and cell proliferation ability was measured by CCK-8, EdU and colony formation assays. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to determine the cell migration capacity. The expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Akt/mTOR phosphorylation were all determined by Western blotting. Results: The lncRNAs with significant prognostic value were classified into two subtypes by a consistent clustering analysis. We found that the clinical features, immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment (TME) were significantly different between the lncRNA subtypes. Our analysis revealed significant correlations between these different lncRNA subtypes and immune infiltrating and stromal cells. We created the final risk profile using LASSO regression, which notably included three lncRNAs (AL355574.1, AL158166.1, TMCC1-AS1). A prognostic signature consisting of the three lncRNAs was constructed, and the model showed excellent prognostic predictive ability. The overall survival (OS) of the low-risk cohort was significantly higher than that of the high-risk cohort in both the train and test group. Both risk score [hazard ratio (HR)=1.062; P<0.001] and stage (HR=1.647; P< 0.001) were considered independent indicators of HCC prognosis by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. In Huh7 and HepG2 cells, AL355574.1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and migration, suppressed the protein expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin and Akt/mTOR phosphorylation, but promoted the protein expression levels of E-cadherin. Conclusions: This study established a predictive model for the OS of HCC patients, and these OS-related m6A-lncRNAs, especially AL355574.1 may play a potential role in the progression of HCC. In vitro experiments also showed that AL355574.1 could enhance the expression of MMPs and EMT through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby affected the proliferation and migration of HCC. This provides a new perspective on the anticancer molecular mechanism of AL355574.1 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
- Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Hospital of Lu'an, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Lu'an 237000, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, P.R. China
| | - Qianyi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, P.R. China
| | - Zhilin Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
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Chen P, Liu Z, Xiao H, Yang X, Li T, Huang W, Zhou H. Effect of tumor exosome-derived Lnc RNA HOTAIR on the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3447-3459. [PMID: 37199906 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE HOX transcribed antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is a long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) that promotes tumor progression. Exosomes are critically involved in cancer progression. The presence of HOTAIR in the circulating exosomes and the roles of exosomal HOTAIR in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of HOTAIR in exosomes in promoting the growth and metastasis of GC. METHODS Serum exosomes from GC patients were captured by CD63 immunoliposome magnetic spheres (CD63-IMS), and the biological characteristics of the exosomes were identified. The expression levels of HOTAIR in GC cells, tissues, serum and serum exosomes were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and the clinicopathological correlation was statistically analyzed. The growth and metastasis abilities of GC cells with HOTAIR knockdown in vitro were evaluated by cell experiment. The effects of HOTAIR highly-expressed NCI-N87 cell-derived exosomes were used to treat HOTAIR lowly-expressed MKN45 cells on GC growth and metastasis were also evaluated. RESULTS The exosomes isolated by CD63-IMS had a particle size of 89.78 ± 4.8 nm and were oval membranous particles. The expression of HOTAIR in tumor tissues and serum of GC patients was increased (P < 0.05), and the expression of HOTAIR in serum exosomes was significantly increased (P < 0.01). The in NCI-N87 and MKN45 cell experiment demonstrated that HOTAIR knockdown by RNA interference suppressed cell growth and metastasis in NCI-N87 cells. Coculture of exosomes secreted by NCI-N87 cells with MKN45 cells significantly increased the expression of HOTAIR, and enhanced cell growth and metastasis. CONCLUSION LncRNA HOTAIR can be used as a potential biomarker which provides a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- The Animal Laboratory Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenyang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No. 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No. 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No. 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy/National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huijun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No. 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Zhao H, Wu L, Liao Q, Huang P, Sun R, Yang X, Du J. A five-cuproptosis-related LncRNA Signature: predicting prognosis, assessing immune function & drug sensitivity in lung squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2023; 14:1499-1514. [PMID: 37325063 PMCID: PMC10266248 DOI: 10.7150/jca.82370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma has so far lacked effective targets for diagnosis and treatment. In cancer research, long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) emerge as novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Cuprophosis is a new death type involving multiple biological processes in tumor cells. Here, we aimed to explore whether Cuprophosis-related lncRNAs could be used to predict prognosis, assess immune function, and test drug sensitivity in LUSC patients. The Cancer Genome Map (TCGA) was used to obtain genome and clinical data, and Cuprophosis-relevant genes were found in the literature. A cuproptosis-related lncRNA risk model was built using co-expression analysis, univariate/multivariate Cox regression, and LASSO analysis. The survival analysis was used to assess the model's prognostic value. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine whether risk score, age, gender, or clinical stages could be used as independent prognostic factors. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and mutation analysis were performed on differentially expressed mRNA between high-risk and low-risk groups. The (TIDE) algorithm was used to conduct immunological functional analysis and drug sensitivity testing. Five cuproptosis-related LncRNAs were identified, and the selected LncRNAs constructed a prognosis model. According to the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the overall survival time for patients in the high-risk group was shorter than for those in the low-risk group. For LUSC patients, the risk score serves as an independent prognostic indicator. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed mRNAs between the high- and low-risk groups were enriched in several immune-related processes. The enrichment score of differentially expressed mRNAs in the high-risk group is higher than that of the low-risk group in multiple immune function pathways, including the IFN-γ and MHC I pathways. The Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) test revealed that the high-risk group was more likely to experience immune escape. The drug sensitivity analysis showed that patients with low-risk ratings were likely to respond to GW441756 and Salubrinal. In contrast, patients with higher risk scores were more responsive to dasatinib and Z-LLNIe CHO. The 5-Cuprophosis-related lncRNA signature can be used to predict prognosis, assess immune function, and test drug sensitivity in LUSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of continuing education, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qinyuan Liao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Peiluo Huang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
- College of pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Ruonan Sun
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuzhen Yang
- Department of clinical laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
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Gong X, Huang M, Chen L, Zeng H. FXR1 promotes glioma progression by downregulating microRNA-124-3p through long noncoding RNA FGD5-AS1 upregulation. Acta Neurol Belg 2023:10.1007/s13760-023-02263-5. [PMID: 37074635 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As reported, glioma progression is affected by altered FXR1, long non-coding RNA FGD5-AS1, and microRNA (miR)-124-3p. However, relationships among these genes remain unclear. Accordingly, this paper ascertains whether FXR1 manipulates glioma progression via the FGD5-AS1/miR-124-3p axis. METHODS Glioma tissues were harvested, in which FGD5-AS1 and miR-124-3p levels were examined with qRT-PCR and FXR1 level was assessed with qRT-PCR and western blot. The interaction of miR-124-3p with FGD5-AS1 was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter, RIP, and Pearson correlation coefficient assays, and that of FXR1 with FGD5-AS1 was assessed by RIP and Pearson correlation coefficient assays. Glioma cells were obtained, followed by qRT-PCR detection of miR-124-3p expression. After gain- or loss-of-function assays, EdU, Transwell, and tubule formation assays were performed to determine cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and angiogenesis. Next, the intracranial in situ graft tumor model was established for in vivo verification. RESULTS FGD5-AS1 and FXR1 levels were high, but miR-124-3p level was low in glioma tissues. Likewise, glioma cells had downregulated miR-124-3p expression. Mechanistically, FGD5-AS1 negatively bound to miR-124-3p, and FXR1 was positively correlated and interacted with FGD5-AS1. miR-124-3p overexpression or FGD5-AS1 or FXR1 knockdown restricted cell invasion, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in gliomas. miR-124-3p inhibition abrogated the repressive impacts of FXR1 knockdown on the malignant progression of gliomas. Also, FXR1 constrained tumor growth and angiogenesis in mice, which was counterweighed by inhibiting miR-124-3p. CONCLUSION FXR1 might act as an oncogene in gliomas by declining miR-124-3p through FGD5-AS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zeng
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61, West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Hu Z, Liu Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wang C. Roles of TGF‑β signalling pathway‑related lncRNAs in cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 25:107. [PMID: 36817052 PMCID: PMC9932718 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNAs that are >200 nucleotides in length that do not have the ability to be translated into protein but are associated with numerous diseases, including cancer. The involvement of lncRNAs in the signalling of certain signalling pathways can promote tumour progression; these pathways include the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling pathway, which is related to tumour development. The expression of lncRNAs in various tumour tissues is specific, and their interaction with the TGF-β signalling pathway indicates that they may serve as new tumour markers and therapeutic targets. The present review summarized the role of TGF-β pathway-associated lncRNAs in regulating tumorigenesis in different types of cancer and their effects on the TGF-β signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Hu
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yitong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Meiqi Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Yang Zhang or Dr Chengkun Wang, Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, 28 Chang Sheng Xi Avenue, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Chengkun Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Yang Zhang or Dr Chengkun Wang, Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, 28 Chang Sheng Xi Avenue, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China, E-mail:
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10
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LncRNA MBNL1-AS1 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Metastasis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma through Targeting Carcinogenic miR-301b-3p. Genet Res (Camb) 2023; 2023:6785005. [PMID: 36908851 PMCID: PMC9995204 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6785005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) has been a huge challenge to public health due to its increasing incidence, frequent early metastasis, and poor outcome. The molecular basis of tumorigenesis and metastasis in PAAD is largely unclear. Here, we identified a novel tumor-suppressor long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MBNL1-AS1, in PAAD and revealed its downstream mechanism. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) data showed that MBNL1-AS1 expression was significantly downregulated in PAAD tissues and cells, which was closely associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, transwell assay, and western blot verified that overexpression of MBNL1-AS1 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) behavior in PAAD cells. By using a dual luciferase reporter gene system, we confirmed that miR-301b-3p was a direct target of MBNL1-AS1. Further mechanismic study revealed that upregulation of miR-301b-3p abolished the inhibitory effect of MBNL1-AS1 overexpression on cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, migration and EMT. Our results demonstrate that MBNL1-AS1 plays a tumor-suppressive role in PAAD mainly by downregulating miR-301b-3p, providing a novel therapeutic target for PAAD.
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11
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Bravo-Vázquez LA, Frías-Reid N, Ramos-Delgado AG, Osorio-Pérez SM, Zlotnik-Chávez HR, Pathak S, Banerjee A, Bandyopadhyay A, Duttaroy AK, Paul S. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer: From epigenetics to potential clinical applications. Transl Oncol 2023; 27:101579. [PMID: 36332600 PMCID: PMC9637816 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two relevant classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a pivotal role in a number of molecular processes through different epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of gene expression. As a matter of fact, the altered expression of these types of RNAs leads to the development and progression of a varied range of multifactorial human diseases. Several recent reports elucidated that miRNA and lncRNAs have been implicated in pancreatic cancer (PC). For instance, dysregulation of such ncRNAs has been found to be associated with chemoresistance, apoptosis, autophagy, cell differentiation, tumor suppression, tumor growth, cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in PC. Moreover, several aberrantly expressed miRNAs and lncRNAs have the potential to be used as biomarkers for accurate PC diagnosis. Additionally, miRNAs and lncRNAs are considered as promising clinical targets for PC. Therefore, in this review, we discuss recent experimental evidence regarding the clinical implications of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the pathophysiology of PC, their future potential, as well as the challenges that have arisen in this field of study in order to drive forward the design of ncRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Bravo-Vázquez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Natalia Frías-Reid
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Ana Gabriela Ramos-Delgado
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Sofía Madeline Osorio-Pérez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Hania Ruth Zlotnik-Chávez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Anindya Bandyopadhyay
- International Rice Research Institute, Manila 4031, Philippines; Reliance Industries Ltd., Navi Mumbai 400701, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, POB 1046, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sujay Paul
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico.
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12
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Ashrafizadeh M, Rabiee N, Kumar AP, Sethi G, Zarrabi A, Wang Y. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in pancreatic cancer progression. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2181-2198. [PMID: 35589014 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules involved in gene regulation at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels. LncRNAs participate in regulating apoptosis and autophagy in pancreatic cancer (PCa) and can promote and/or decrease the proliferation rate of tumor cells. The metastasis of PCa cells is tightly regulated by lncRNAs and they can affect the mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to modulate metastasis. The drug resistance of PCa cells, especially to gemcitabine, can be affected by lncRNAs. In addition, lncRNAs enriched in exosomes can be transferred among tumor cells to regulate their proliferation and metastasis. Antitumor compounds, such as curcumin and ginsenosides, can regulate lncRNA expression in PCa therapy. As we discuss here, the expression level of lncRNAs can be considered as both a diagnostic and prognostic tool in patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea; School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer 34396, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada.
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13
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He N, Xiang L, Chen L, Tong H, Wang K, Zhao J, Song F, Yang H, Wei X, Jiao Z. The role of long non-coding RNA FGD5-AS1 in cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11026-11041. [PMID: 35475392 PMCID: PMC9208527 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2067292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) refers to a class of RNAs that have at least 200 nucleotides and do not encode proteins, and the relationship between lncRNA and cancer has recently attracted considerable research attention. The lncRNA FGD5-AS1 is a newly discovered lncRNA with a length of 3772 nucleotides. Studies have found that FGD5-AS1 is abnormally highly expressed in many cancer tissues and was closely related to the lymph node metastasis, tumor invasion, survival time, and recurrence rate of various cancers. Mechanistic analyses show that FGD5-AS1 can stabilize mRNA expression by sponging miRNA, which not only induces cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and chemoresistance in vitro, but also promotes tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. In addition, FGD5-AS1 can serve as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for a variety of cancers. This review demonstrates the clinical significance of FGD5-AS1 in human cancer and its role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na He
- Department of Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Linbiao Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haobin Tong
- Department of Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Keshen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Feixue Song
- Department of Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hanteng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xinyuan Wei
- Department of Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zuoyi Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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14
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Gao SJ, Ren SN, Liu YT, Yan HW, Chen XB. Targeting EGFR sensitizes 5-Fu-resistant colon cancer cells through modification of the lncRNA-FGD5-AS1-miR-330-3p-Hexokinase 2 axis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 23:14-25. [PMID: 34589581 PMCID: PMC8455313 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) is a widely applied anti-cancer agent against colorectal cancer (CRC), yet a number of CRC patients have developed resistance to 5-Fu-based chemotherapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is recognized as an oncogene that promotes diverse cancer progresses. In addition, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulators of cancers. Here we report that EGFR and lncRNA-FGD5-AS1 promoted 5-Fu resistance of CRC. By establishing the 5-Fu-resistant CRC cell line, we detected that EGFR, FGD5-AS1, and glucose metabolism were significantly elevated in 5-Fu-resistant CRC cells. A microRNA-microarray analysis revealed that miR-330-3p functions as a downstream effector of FGD5-AS1. FGD5-AS1 directly sponged miR-330-3p to form a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, leading to inhibition of miR-330-3p expression. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis revealed that Hexokinase 2 (HK2) was a potential target of miR-330-3p, which was validated by luciferase assay. Rescue experiments demonstrated that FGD5-AS1 promotes glycolysis through modulating the miR-330-3p-HK2 axis, leading to 5-Fu resistance of CRC cancer cells. Finally, in vitro and in vivo xenograft experiments consistently demonstrated that inhibition of EGFR by the specific inhibitor erlotinib effectively enhanced the anti-tumor toxicity of 5-Fu by targeting the EGFR-FGD5-AS1-miR-330-3p-HK2 pathway. In summary, this study demonstrates new mechanisms of the EGFR-modulated 5-Fu resistance through modulating the noncoding RNA network, contributing to development of new approaches against chemoresistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jie Gao
- Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin Province, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Ren
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi-Ting Liu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital, Liuhe, 135300 Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin Province, China
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