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Hu X, Li D, Fu Y, Zheng J, Feng Z, Cai J, Wang P. Advances in the Application of Radionuclide-Labeled HER2 Affibody for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:917439. [PMID: 35785201 PMCID: PMC9240272 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.917439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a highly expressed tumor marker in epithelial ovarian cancer, and its overexpression is considered to be a potential factor of poor prognosis. Therefore, monitoring the expression of HER2 receptor in tumor tissue provides favorable conditions for accurate localization, diagnosis, targeted therapy, and prognosis evaluation of cancer foci. Affibody has the advantages of high affinity, small molecular weight, and stable biochemical properties. The molecular probes of radionuclide-labeled HER2 affibody have recently shown broad application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer; the aim is to introduce radionuclides into the cancer foci, display systemic lesions, and kill tumor cells through the radioactivity of the radionuclides. This process seamlessly integrates the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. Current research and development of new molecular probes of radionuclide-labeled HER2 affibody should focus on overcoming the deficiencies of non-specific uptake in the kidney, bone marrow, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, and on reducing the background of the image to improve image quality. By modifying the amino acid sequence; changing the hydrophilicity, surface charge, and lipid solubility of the affibody molecule; and using different radionuclides, chelating agents, and labeling conditions to optimize the labeling method of molecular probes, the specific uptake of molecular probes at tumor sites will be improved, while reducing radioactive retention in non-target organs and obtaining the best target/non-target value. These measures will enable the clinical use of radionuclide-labeled HER2 affibody molecular probes as soon as possible, providing a new clinical path for tumor-specific diagnosis, targeted therapy, and efficacy evaluation. The purpose of this review is to describe the application of radionuclide-labeled HER2 affibody in the imaging and treatment of ovarian cancer, including its potential clinical value and dilemmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Zunyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Research and Development Department, Jiangsu Yuanben Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zunyi, China
| | - Jiashen Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zelong Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiong Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Jiong Cai, ; Pan Wang,
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Jiong Cai, ; Pan Wang,
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Habib EB, Mathavarajah S, Dellaire G. Tinker, Tailor, Tumour Suppressor: The Many Functions of PRP4K. Front Genet 2022; 13:839963. [PMID: 35281802 PMCID: PMC8912934 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.839963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-mRNA processing factor 4 kinase (PRP4K, also known as PRPF4B) is an essential kinase first identified in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe that is evolutionarily conserved from amoebae to animals. During spliceosomal assembly, PRP4K interacts with and phosphorylates PRPF6 and PRPF31 to facilitate the formation of the spliceosome B complex. However, over the past decade additional evidence has emerged that PRP4K has many diverse cellular roles beyond splicing that contribute to tumour suppression and chemotherapeutic responses in mammals. For example, PRP4K appears to play roles in regulating transcription and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a key pathway in maintaining chromosomes stability and the response of cancer cells to taxane-based chemotherapy. In addition, PRP4K has been revealed to be a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor that promotes aggressive cancer phenotypes when partially depleted. PRP4K is regulated by both the HER2 and estrogen receptor, and its partial loss increases resistance to the taxanes in multiple malignancies including cervical, breast and ovarian cancer. Moreover, ovarian and triple negative breast cancer patients harboring tumours with low PRP4K expression exhibit worse overall survival. The depletion of PRP4K also enhances both Yap and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, the latter promoting anoikis resistance in breast and ovarian cancer. Finally, PRP4K is negatively regulated during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that promotes increased cell motility, drug resistance and cancer metastasis. Thus, as we discuss in this review, PRP4K likely plays evolutionarily conserved roles not only in splicing but in a number of cellular pathways that together contribute to tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias B. Habib
- Dalhousie University, Department of Pathology, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Graham Dellaire
- Dalhousie University, Department of Pathology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
- *Correspondence: Graham Dellaire,
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Tymon-Rosario J, Adjei NN, Roque DM, Santin AD. Microtubule-Interfering Drugs: Current and Future Roles in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6239. [PMID: 34944858 PMCID: PMC8699494 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxanes and epothilones are chemotherapeutic agents that ultimately lead to cell death through inhibition of normal microtubular function. This review summarizes the literature demonstrating their current use and potential promise as therapeutic agents in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), as well as putative mechanisms of resistance. Historically, taxanes have become the standard of care in the front-line and recurrent treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. In the past few years, epothilones (i.e., ixabepilone) have become of interest as they may retain activity in taxane-treated patients since they harbor several features that may overcome mechanisms of taxane resistance. Clinical data now support the use of ixabepilone in the treatment of platinum-resistant or refractory ovarian cancer. Clinical data strongly support the use of microtubule-interfering drugs alone or in combination in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Ongoing clinical trials will shed further light into the potential of making these drugs part of current standard practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Tymon-Rosario
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (J.T.-R.); (N.N.A.)
| | - Naomi N. Adjei
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (J.T.-R.); (N.N.A.)
| | - Dana M. Roque
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Alessandro D. Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (J.T.-R.); (N.N.A.)
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4
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Clarke LE, Cook A, Mathavarajah S, Bera A, Salsman J, Habib E, Van Iderstine C, Bydoun M, Lewis SM, Dellaire G. Haploinsufficient tumor suppressor PRP4K is negatively regulated during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22001. [PMID: 34674320 PMCID: PMC9298446 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001063r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The pre‐mRNA processing factor 4 kinase (PRP4K, also known as PRPF4B) is an essential gene. However, reduced PRP4K expression is associated with aggressive breast and ovarian cancer phenotypes including taxane therapy resistance, increased cell migration and invasion in vitro, and cancer metastasis in mice. These results are consistent with PRP4K being a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. Increased cell migration and invasion is associated with epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), but how reduced PRP4K levels affect normal epithelial cell migration or EMT has not been studied. Depletion of PRP4K by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) in non‐transformed mammary epithelial cell lines (MCF10A, HMLE) reduced or had no effect on 2D migration in the scratch assay but resulted in greater invasive potential in 3D transwell assays. Depletion of PRP4K in mesenchymal triple‐negative breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231) resulted in both enhanced 2D migration and 3D invasion, with 3D invasion correlated with higher fibronectin levels in both MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF10A cells and without changes in E‐cadherin. Induction of EMT in MCF10A cells, by treatment with WNT‐5a and TGF‐β1, or depletion of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3e (eIF3e) by shRNA, resulted in significantly reduced PRP4K expression. Mechanistically, induction of EMT by WNT‐5a/TGF‐β1 reduced PRP4K transcript levels, whereas eIF3e depletion led to reduced PRP4K translation. Finally, reduced PRP4K levels after eIF3e depletion correlated with increased YAP activity and nuclear localization, both of which are reversed by overexpression of exogenous PRP4K. Thus, PRP4K is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor negatively regulated by EMT, that when depleted in normal mammary cells can increase cell invasion without inducing full EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia E Clarke
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Allyson Cook
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Amit Bera
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jayme Salsman
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Elias Habib
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Moamen Bydoun
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Stephen M Lewis
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Liu S, Wu M, Wang F. Research Progress in Prognostic Factors and Biomarkers of Ovarian Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:3976-3996. [PMID: 34093804 PMCID: PMC8176232 DOI: 10.7150/jca.47695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a serious threat to women's health; its early diagnosis rate is low and prone to metastasis and recurrence. The current conventional treatment for ovarian cancer is a combination of platinum and paclitaxel chemotherapy based on surgery. The recurrence and progression of ovarian cancer with poor prognosis is a major challenge in treatment. With rapid advances in technology, understanding of the molecular pathways involved in ovarian cancer recurrence and progression has increased, biomarker-guided treatment options can greatly improve the prognosis of patients. This review systematically discusses and summarizes existing and new information on prognostic factors and biomarkers of ovarian cancer, which is expected to improve the clinical management of patients and lead to effective personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, 210029
- National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China, 210029
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, 210029
- National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China, 210029
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, 210029
- National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China, 210029
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Koedoot E, van Steijn E, Vermeer M, González-Prieto R, Vertegaal ACO, Martens JWM, Le Dévédec SE, van de Water B. Splicing factors control triple-negative breast cancer cell mitosis through SUN2 interaction and sororin intron retention. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:82. [PMID: 33648524 PMCID: PMC7919097 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with limited therapeutic opportunities. Recently, splicing factors have gained attention as potential targets for cancer treatment. Here we systematically evaluated the role of RNA splicing factors in TNBC cell proliferation. METHODS In this study, we performed an RNAi screen targeting 244 individual splicing factors to systematically evaluate their role in TNBC cell proliferation. For top candidates, mechanistic insight was gained using amongst others western blot, PCR, FACS, molecular imaging and cloning. Pulldown followed by mass spectrometry were used to determine protein-protein interactions and patient-derived RNA sequencing data was used relate splicing factor expression levels to proliferation markers. RESULTS We identified nine splicing factors, including SNRPD2, SNRPD3 and NHP2L1, of which depletion inhibited proliferation in two TNBC cell lines by deregulation of sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) via increased sororin intron 1 retention and down-regulation of SMC1, MAU2 and ESPL1. Protein-protein interaction analysis of SNRPD2, SNRPD3 and NHP2L1 identified that seven out of the nine identified splicing factors belong to the same spliceosome complex including novel component SUN2 that was also critical for efficient sororin splicing. Finally, sororin transcript levels are highly correlated to various proliferation markers in BC patients. CONCLUSION We systematically determined splicing factors that control proliferation of breast cancer cells through a mechanism that involves effective sororin splicing and thereby appropriate sister chromatid cohesion. Moreover, we identified SUN2 as an important new spliceosome complex interacting protein that is critical in this process. We anticipate that deregulating sororin levels through targeting of the relevant splicing factors might be a potential strategy to treat TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee Koedoot
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eline van Steijn
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Vermeer
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Román González-Prieto
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E Le Dévédec
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Wang Y, Shang S, Yu K, Sun H, Ma W, Zhao W. miR-224, miR-147b and miR-31 associated with lymph node metastasis and prognosis for lung adenocarcinoma by regulating PRPF4B, WDR82 or NR3C2. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9704. [PMID: 33282547 PMCID: PMC7694553 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study is to screen lymph node metastasis-related microRNAs (miRNAs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and uncover their underlying mechanisms. Methods The miRNA microarray dataset was collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database under accession number GSE64859. The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified using a t-test. Target genes of DEMs were predicted through the miRWalk2.0 database. The function of these target genes was annotated with the clusterProfiler and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tools. Protein-protein interaction network was established using the STRING database to extract hub target genes. The expressions and associations with survival and lymph node metastasis of miRNAs and target genes were validated by analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Results Eight DEMs were identified between lymph node metastasis and non-metastasis samples of GSE64859 dataset. miRNA-target gene pairs were predicted between six DEMs and 251 target genes (i.e. hsa-miR-224-PRPF4B, hsa-miR-147b-WDR82 and hsa-miR-31-NR3C2). The clusterProfiler analysis showed WDR82 was involved in the mRNA surveillance pathway, while the GO enrichment analysis using the DAVID database indicated PRPF4B participated in the protein phosphorylation and NR3C2 was related with the transcription, DNA-templated. WDR82 and PRPF4B may be hub genes because they could interact with others. Two DEMs (miR-31-5p and miR-31-3p) and 45 target genes (including PRPF4B and NR3C2) were significantly associated with overall survival. The expressions of miR-224 and miR-147b were validated to be upregulated, while WDR82, PRPF4B and NR3C2 were downregulated in lymph node metastasis samples of TCGA datasets compared with non-metastasis samples. Also, there were significantly negative expression correlations between miR-147b and WDR82, between miR-224 and PRPF4B, as well as between miR-31 and NR3C2 in LUAD samples. Conclusions The present study identified several crucial miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs, which may provide novel explanations for the lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Shengtao Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Wenduan Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Baicheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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Annunziata MC, Parisi M, Esposito G, Fabbrocini G, Ammendola R, Cattaneo F. Phosphorylation Sites in Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Regulated by Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113818. [PMID: 32471307 PMCID: PMC7312799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FPR1, FPR2, and FPR3 are members of Formyl Peptides Receptors (FPRs) family belonging to the GPCR superfamily. FPR2 is a low affinity receptor for formyl peptides and it is considered the most promiscuous member of this family. Intracellular signaling cascades triggered by FPRs include the activation of different protein kinases and phosphatase, as well as tyrosine kinase receptors transactivation. Protein kinases and phosphatases act coordinately and any impairment of their activation or regulation represents one of the most common causes of several human diseases. Several phospho-sites has been identified in protein kinases and phosphatases, whose role may be to expand the repertoire of molecular mechanisms of regulation or may be necessary for fine-tuning of switch properties. We previously performed a phospho-proteomic analysis in FPR2-stimulated cells that revealed, among other things, not yet identified phospho-sites on six protein kinases and one protein phosphatase. Herein, we discuss on the selective phosphorylation of Serine/Threonine-protein kinase N2, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase PRP4 homolog, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase MARK2, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase PAK4, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase 10, Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2, and Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A, triggered by FPR2 stimulation. We also describe the putative FPR2-dependent signaling cascades upstream to these specific phospho-sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Annunziata
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Melania Parisi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Rosario Ammendola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +39-081-7464-359
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Splicing regulatory factors in breast cancer hallmarks and disease progression. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6021-6037. [PMID: 31666932 PMCID: PMC6800274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
By regulating transcript isoform expression levels, alternative splicing provides an additional layer of protein control. Recent studies show evidence that cancer cells use different splicing events to fulfill their requirements in order to develop, progress and metastasize. However, there has been less attention for the role of the complex catalyzing the complicated multistep splicing reaction: the spliceosome. The spliceosome consists of multiple sub-complexes in total comprising 244 proteins or splice factors and 5 associated RNA molecules. Here we discuss the role of splice factors in the oncogenic processes tumors cells need to fulfill their oncogenic properties (the so-called the hallmarks of cancer). Despite the fact that splice factors have been investigated only recently, they seem to play a prominent role in already five hallmarks of cancer: angiogenesis, resisting cell death, sustaining proliferation, deregulating cellular energetics and invasion and metastasis formation by affecting major signaling pathways such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the Warburg effect, DNA damage response and hormone receptor dependent proliferation. Moreover, we could relate expression of representative genes of four other hallmarks (enabling replicative mortality, genomic instability, avoiding immune destruction and evading growth suppression) to splice factor levels in human breast cancer tumors, suggesting that also these hallmarks could be regulated by splice factors. Since many splice factors are involved in multiple hallmarks of cancer, inhibiting splice factors might provide a new layer of oncogenic control and a powerful method to combat breast cancer progression.
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Gupta N, Gupta P, Srivastava SK. Penfluridol overcomes paclitaxel resistance in metastatic breast cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5066. [PMID: 30911062 PMCID: PMC6434141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a first line chemotherapeutic agent for the patients with metastatic breast cancer. But inherited or acquired resistance to paclitaxel leads to poor response rates in a majority of these patients. To identify mechanisms of paclitaxel resistance, we developed paclitaxel resistant breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and 4T1 by continuous exposure to paclitaxel for several months. Western blot analysis showed increased expression of HER2 and β-catenin pathway in resistant cell lines as compared to parent cells. Hence, we hypothesized that HER2/β-catenin mediates paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer and suppression of HER2/β-catenin signaling could overcome paclitaxel resistance. Our data showed that penfluridol (PFL) treatment significantly reduced the survival of paclitaxel-resistant cells. Western blot analysis revealed that PFL treatment suppressed HER2, as well as, β-catenin pathway. In vivo data confirmed that PFL significantly potentiated tumor growth suppressive effects of paclitaxel in an orthotropic breast cancer model. In addition, tumors from paclitaxel and PFL-treated mice showed reduced HER2 and β-catenin expression, along with increased apoptosis. Taken together our results demonstrate a novel role of HER2/β-catenin in paclitaxel resistance and open up new avenues for application of PFL as a therapeutic option for overcoming paclitaxel resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas, 79601, USA
| | - Parul Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Sanjay K Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas, 79601, USA.
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Luo H, Xu X, Ye M, Sheng B, Zhu X. The prognostic value of HER2 in ovarian cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191972. [PMID: 29381731 PMCID: PMC5790275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic role of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in ovarian cancer has been investigated in previous studies, but the results remain controversial. Here we present a meta-analysis to systematically review the association between HER2 expression and ovarian cancer prognosis. METHOD Observational studies published until July 2017 were searched in Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases. Hazard ratios (HRs) for survival with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), subgroup analyses, publication bias and sensitivity analyses were implemented under a standard manner. Estimates of overall survival (OS), progress-free survival (PFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were weighted and pooled using Der Simonian-Laird random-effect model. RESULT Thirty-four studies that include 5180 ovarian cancer patients were collected for analysis. Expression of HER2 was negatively correlated with clinical prognosis of overall survival (HR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.31 to 1.89, P < 0.001) and disease-free survival / progress-free survival (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.49) in ovarian cancers. The association between HER2 expression and poor ovarian cancer prognosis in overall survival was also statistically significant in subgroups of unclassified ovarian cancer, Caucasian population and Asian population, while irrespective of detection method. CONCLUSION HER2 expression was related with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients and can be used as a predicting cancer prognostic biomarker in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Miaomiao Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo Sheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Loss of PRP4K drives anoikis resistance in part by dysregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor endosomal trafficking. Oncogene 2017; 37:174-184. [PMID: 28892043 PMCID: PMC5770602 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anoikis acts as a critical barrier to metastasis by inducing cell death upon cancer cell detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby preventing tumor cell dissemination to secondary sites. The induction of anoikis requires the lysosomal-mediated downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) leading to termination of pro-survival signaling. In this study, we demonstrate that depletion of pre-mRNA splicing factor 4 kinase (PRP4K; also known as PRPF4B) causes dysregulation of EGFR trafficking and anoikis resistance. We also report a novel cytoplasmic localization of PRP4K at the late endosome, and demonstrate both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization in breast, lung and ovarian cancer tissue. Mechanistically, depletion of PRP4K leads to reduced EGFR degradation following cell detachment from the ECM and correlates with increased TrkB, vimentin and Zeb1 expression. As a result, PRP4K loss promotes sustained growth factor signaling and increased cellular resistance to anoikis in vitro and in a novel zebrafish xenotransplantation model of anoikis sensitivity, as well as increased metastasis in a mouse model of ovarian cancer. Thus, PRP4K may serve as a potential biomarker of anoikis sensitivity in ovarian and other epithelial cancers.
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Czubaty A, Piekiełko-Witkowska A. Protein kinases that phosphorylate splicing factors: Roles in cancer development, progression and possible therapeutic options. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 91:102-115. [PMID: 28552434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed alternative splicing is a common feature of human tumors. Splicing factors that control alternative splicing are phosphorylated by multiple kinases, including these that specifically add phosphoryl groups to serine-arginine rich proteins (e.g. SR-protein kinases, cdc2-like kinases, topoisomerase 1), and protein kinases that govern key cellular signaling pathways (i.e. AKT). Phosphorylation of splicing factors regulates their subcellular localization and interactions with target transcripts and protein partners, and thus significantly contributes the final result of splicing reactions. In this review we aim to summarize the current knowledge on the role of splicing kinases in cancer. Published studies and recently released data of The Cancer Genome Atlas demonstrate that expressions and activities of splicing kinases are commonly disturbed in cancers. Aberrant functioning of splicing kinases results in changed alternative splicing of tumor suppressors (e.g. p53) and regulators of cell signaling (e.g. MAPKs), apoptosis (e.g. MCL), and angiogenesis (VEGF). Splicing kinases act in complicated regulatory networks in which they mutually affect each other's activity to provide tight control of cellular signaling. Dysregulation of these regulatory networks contributes to oncogenic transformation, uncontrolled proliferation, enhanced migration and invasion. Furthermore, the activities of splicing kinases significantly contribute to cellular responses to genotoxic stress. In conclusion, published data provide strong evidence that splicing kinases emerge as important regulators of key processes governing malignant transformation, progression, and response to therapeutic treatments, suggesting their potential as clinically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Czubaty
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
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Ruprecht B, Zaal EA, Zecha J, Wu W, Berkers CR, Kuster B, Lemeer S. Lapatinib Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells Is Accompanied by Phosphorylation-Mediated Reprogramming of Glycolysis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1842-1853. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lahsaee S, Corkery DP, Anthes LE, Holly A, Dellaire G. Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1)-signaling regulates the expression of the taxane-response biomarker PRP4K. Exp Cell Res 2015; 340:125-31. [PMID: 26712520 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The pre-mRNA splicing factor 4 kinase PRP4K (PRPF4B), is an essential kinase that is a component of the U5 snRNP and functions in spliceosome assembly. We demonstrated that PRP4K is a novel biological marker for taxane response in ovarian cancer patients and reduced levels of PRP4K correlate with intrinsic and acquired taxane resistance in both breast and ovarian cancer. Breast cancer treatments are chosen based on hormone and growth factor receptor status, with HER2 (ERBB2) positive breast cancer patients receiving anti-HER2 agents and taxanes and estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) positive (ER+) breast cancer patients receiving anti-estrogen therapies such as tamoxifen. Here we demonstrate that PRP4K is expressed in the normal mammary duct epithelial cells of the mouse, and that estrogen induces PRP4K gene and protein expression in ER+ human MCF7 breast cancer cells. Estrogen acts through ESR1 to regulate PRP4K expression, as over-expression of ESR1 in the ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line increased the expression of this kinase, and knock-down of ESR1 in ER+ T47D breast cancer cells reduced PRP4K levels. Furthermore, treatment with 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in PRP4K protein expression in MCF7 cells. Consistent with our previous studies identifying PRP4K as a taxane-response biomarker, reduced PRP4K expression in 4-OHT-treated cells correlated with reduced sensitivity to paclitaxel. Thus, PRP4K is novel estrogen regulated kinase, and its levels can be reduced by 4-OHT in ER+ breast cancer cells altering their response to taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lahsaee
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Dale P Corkery
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Livia E Anthes
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alice Holly
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Corkery DP, Holly AC, Lahsaee S, Dellaire G. Connecting the speckles: Splicing kinases and their role in tumorigenesis and treatment response. Nucleus 2015; 6:279-88. [PMID: 26098145 PMCID: PMC4615201 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2015.1062194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing in higher eukaryotes enhances transcriptome complexity and proteome diversity. Its regulation is mediated by a complex RNA-protein network that is essential for the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis. Disruptions to this regulatory network underlie a host of human diseases and contribute to cancer development and progression. The splicing kinases are an important family of pre-mRNA splicing regulators, , which includes the CDC-like kinases (CLKs), the SRSF protein kinases (SRPKs) and pre-mRNA splicing 4 kinase (PRP4K/PRPF4B). These splicing kinases regulate pre-mRNA splicing via phosphorylation of spliceosomal components and serine-arginine (SR) proteins, affecting both their nuclear localization within nuclear speckle domains as well as their nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling. Here we summarize the emerging evidence that splicing kinases are dysregulated in cancer and play important roles in both tumorigenesis as well as therapeutic response to radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale P Corkery
- a Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology ; Dalhousie University ; Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
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