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Batan D, Tseropoulos G, Bishop C, Kirkpatrick BE, Bera K, Khang A, Weiser-Evans M, Anseth KS. PTEN Regulates Myofibroblast Activation in Valvular Interstitials Cells based on Subcellular Localization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.30.601424. [PMID: 39005262 PMCID: PMC11244890 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.30.601424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is characterized by altered mechanics of the valve leaflets, which disrupts blood flow through the aorta and can cause left ventricle hypotrophy. These changes in the valve tissue result in activation of resident valvular interstitial cells (VICs) into myofibroblasts, which have increased levels of αSMA in their stress fibers. The persistence of VIC myofibroblast activation is a hallmark of AVS. In recent years, the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) has emerged as an important player in the regulation of fibrosis in various tissues (e.g., lung, skin), which motivated us to investigate PTEN as a potential protective factor against matrix-induced myofibroblast activation in VICs. In aortic valve samples from humans, we found high levels of PTEN in healthy tissue and low levels of PTEN in diseased tissue. Then, using pharmacological inducers to treat VIC cultures, we observed PTEN overexpression prevented stiffness-induced myofibroblast activation, whereas genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PTEN further activated myofibroblasts. We also observed increased nuclear PTEN localization in VICs cultured on stiff matrices, and nuclear PTEN also correlated with smaller nuclei, altered expression of histones and a quiescent fibroblast phenotype. Together, these results suggest that PTEN not only suppresses VIC activation, but functions to promote quiescence, and could serve as a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of AVS.
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2
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Brewer T, Yehia L, Bazeley P, Eng C. Integrating somatic CNV and gene expression in breast cancers from women with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:14. [PMID: 37407629 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with germline PTEN variants (PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, PHTS) have up to 85% lifetime risk of female breast cancer (BC). We previously showed that PHTS-derived BCs are distinct from sporadic BCs both at the clinical and genomic levels. In this study, we examined somatic copy number variations (CNV) and transcriptome data to further characterize the somatic landscape of PHTS-derived BCs. We analyzed exome sequencing data from 44 BCs from women with PHTS for CNV. The control group comprised of 558 women with sporadic BCs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Here, we found that PHTS-derived BCs have several distinct CNV peaks compared to TCGA. Furthermore, RNA sequencing data revealed that PHTS-derived BCs have a distinct immunologic cell type signature, which points toward cancer immune evasion. Transcriptomic data also revealed PHTS-derived BCs with pathogenic germline PTEN variants appear to have vitamin E degradation as a key pathway associated with tumorigenesis. In conclusion, our study revealed distinct CNV x transcript features in PHTS-derived BCs, which further facilitate understanding of BC biology arising in the setting of germline PTEN mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takae Brewer
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Lamis Yehia
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Peter Bazeley
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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3
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Ghosh G, Misra S, Ray R, Chowdhury SG, Karmakar P. Phospho PTEN mediated dephosphorylation of mitotic kinase PLK1 and Aurora Kinase A prevents aneuploidy and preserves genomic stability. Med Oncol 2023; 40:119. [PMID: 36930246 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PTEN, dual phosphatase tumor suppressor protein, is found to be frequently mutated in various cancers. Post-translational modification of PTEN is important for its sub-cellular localization and catalytic functions. But how these modifications affect cytological damage and aneuploidy is not studied in detail. We focus on the role of phosphatase activity along with C-terminal phosphorylation of PTEN in perspective of cytological damage like micronucleus, nuclear bud, and nuclear bridge formation. Our data suggest that wild-type PTEN, but not phospho-mutant PTEN significantly reduces cytological damage in PTEN null PC3 cells. In case of phosphatase-dead PTEN, cytological damage markers are increased during 24 h recovery after DNA damage. When we use phosphorylation and phosphatase-dead dual mutant PTEN, the extent of different cytological DNA damage parameters are similar to phosphatase-dead PTEN. We also find that both of those activities are essential for maintaining chromosome numbers. PTEN null cells exhibit significantly aberrant γ-tubulin pole formation during metaphase. Interestingly, we observed that p-PTEN localized to spindle poles along with PLK1 and Aurora Kinase A. Further depletion of phosphorylation and phosphatase activity of PTEN increases the expression of p-Aurora Kinase A (T288) and p-PLK1 (T210), compared to cells expressing wild-type PTEN. Again, wild-type PTEN but not phosphorylation-dead mutant is able to physically interact with PLK1 and Aurora Kinase A. Thus, our study suggests that the phosphorylation-dependent interaction of PTEN with PLK1 and Aurora Kinase A causes dephosphorylation of those mitotic kinases and by lowering their hyperphosphorylation status, PTEN prevents aberrant chromosome segregation in metaphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginia Ghosh
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Misra
- Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rachayeeta Ray
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sougata Ghosh Chowdhury
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Langdon CG. Nuclear PTEN's Functions in Suppressing Tumorigenesis: Implications for Rare Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020259. [PMID: 36830628 PMCID: PMC9953540 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) encodes a tumor-suppressive phosphatase with both lipid and protein phosphatase activity. The tumor-suppressive functions of PTEN are lost through a variety of mechanisms across a wide spectrum of human malignancies, including several rare cancers that affect pediatric and adult populations. Originally discovered and characterized as a negative regulator of the cytoplasmic, pro-oncogenic phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, PTEN is also localized to the nucleus where it can exert tumor-suppressive functions in a PI3K pathway-independent manner. Cancers can usurp the tumor-suppressive functions of PTEN to promote oncogenesis by disrupting homeostatic subcellular PTEN localization. The objective of this review is to describe the changes seen in PTEN subcellular localization during tumorigenesis, how PTEN enters the nucleus, and the spectrum of impacts and consequences arising from disrupted PTEN nuclear localization on tumor promotion. This review will highlight the immediate need in understanding not only the cytoplasmic but also the nuclear functions of PTEN to gain more complete insights into how important PTEN is in preventing human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey G. Langdon
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(843)-792-9289
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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5
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Inhibition of cGAS-STING by JQ1 alleviates oxidative stress-induced retina inflammation and degeneration. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1816-1833. [PMID: 35347235 PMCID: PMC9433402 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrophic (“dry”) form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss characterized by macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the ensuing photoreceptor degeneration. cGAS-STING signaling is a key cytosolic DNA sensor system in innate immunity and have recently been shown promotes RPE degeneration. However, expression regulation and therapeutic potential of cGAS and STING are not explored in retina under dry AMD pathogenic conditions. Our analysis shows upregulated STING RNA and increased chromatin accessibility around cGAS and STING promoters in macular retinas from dry AMD patients. cGAS-STING activation was detected in oxidative stress-induced mouse retina degeneration, accompanied with cytosolic leakage of damaged DNA in photoreceptors. Pharmaceutical or genetic approaches indicates STING promotes retina inflammation and degeneration upon oxidative damage. Drug screening reveals that BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 reduces cGAS-STING activation, inflammation and photoreceptor degeneration in the injured retina. BRD4 inhibition epigenetically suppresses STING transcription, and promotes autophagy-dependent cytosolic DNA clearance. Together, our results show that activation of cGAS-STING in retina may present pivotal innate immunity response in GA pathogenesis, whereas inhibition of cGAS-STING signaling by JQ1 could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy. Schematic summary of the mechanism underlying BRD4 inhibition on cGAS-STING signaling during retina degeneration. Cytosolic DNA accumulation and activation of cGAS-STING pathway were detected in retina photoreceptors after oxidative injury. BRD4 inhibition alleviates retinal inflammation and degeneration by epigenetically silencing STING transcription and by promoting autophagy-dependent cytosolic DNA clearance.
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Misra S, Chowdhury SG, Ghosh G, Mukherjee A, Karmakar P. Both phosphorylation and phosphatase activity of PTEN are required to prevent replication fork progression during stress by inducing heterochromatin. Mutat Res 2022; 825:111800. [PMID: 36155262 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2022.111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PTEN is a tumor suppressor protein frequently altered in various cancers. PTEN-null cells have a characteristic of rapid proliferation with an unstable genome. Replication stress is one of the causes of the accumulation of genomic instability if not sensed by the cellular signaling. Though PTEN-null cells have shown to be impaired in replication progression and stalled fork recovery, the association between the catalytic function of PTEN regulated by posttranslational modulation and cellular response to replication stress has not been studied explicitly. To understand molecular mechanism, we find that PTEN-null cells display unrestrained replication fork progression with accumulation of damaged DNA after treatment with aphidicolin which can be rescued by ectopic expression of full-length PTEN, as evident from DNA fiber assay. Moreover, the C-terminal phosphorylation (Ser 380, Thr 382/383) of PTEN is essential for its chromatin association and sensing replication stress that, in response, induce cell cycle arrest. Further, we observed that PTEN induces HP1α expression and H3K9me3 foci formation in a C-terminal phosphorylation-dependent manner. However, phosphatase dead PTEN cannot sense replication stress though it can be associated with chromatin. Together, our results suggest that DNA replication perturbation by aphidicolin enables chromatin association of PTEN through C-terminal phosphorylation, induces heterochromatin formation by stabilizing and up-regulating H3K9me3 foci and augments CHK1 activation. Thereby, PTEN prevents DNA replication fork elongation and simultaneously causes G1-S phase cell cycle arrest to limit cell proliferation in stress conditions. Thus PTEN act as stress sensing protein during replication arrest to maintain genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Misra
- PG Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, EB-2 Sector-1, Saltlake, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ginia Ghosh
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Ananda Mukherjee
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology,Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
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7
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Sanchez A, Penault-Llorca F, Bignon YJ, Guy L, Bernard-Gallon D. Effects of GSK-J4 on JMJD3 Histone Demethylase in Mouse Prostate Cancer Xenografts. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:339-349. [PMID: 35430567 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Histone methylation status is required to control gene expression. H3K27me3 is an epigenetic tri-methylation modification to histone H3 controlled by the demethylase JMJD3. JMJD3 is dysregulated in a wide range of cancers and has been shown to control the expression of a specific growth-modulatory gene signature, making it an interesting candidate to better understand prostate tumor progression in vivo. This study aimed to identify the impact of JMJD3 inhibition by its inhibitor, GSK4, on prostate tumor growth in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prostate cancer cell lines were implanted into Balb/c nude male mice. The effects of the selective JMJD3 inhibitor GSK-J4 on tumor growth were analyzed by bioluminescence assays and H3K27me3-regulated changes in gene expression were analyzed by ChIP-qPCR and RT-qPCR. RESULTS JMJD3 inhibition contributed to an increase in tumor growth in androgen-independent (AR-) xenografts and a decrease in androgen-dependent (AR+). GSK-J4 treatment modulated H3K27me3 enrichment on the gene panel in DU-145-luc xenografts while it had little effect on PC3-luc and no effect on LNCaP-luc. Effects of JMJD3 inhibition affected the panel gene expression. CONCLUSION JMJD3 has a differential effect in prostate tumor progression according to AR status. Our results suggest that JMJD3 is able to play a role independently of its demethylase function in androgen-independent prostate cancer. The effects of GSK-J4 on AR+ prostate xenografts led to a decrease in tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sanchez
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery and Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery and Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Biopathology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery and Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Guy
- INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery and Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Urology, Gabriel Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Bernard-Gallon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France; .,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery and Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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8
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Misra S, Ghosh G, Chowdhury SG, Karmakar P. Non-canonical function of nuclear PTEN and its implication on tumorigenesis. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 107:103197. [PMID: 34359000 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of genomic instability is the key to prevent tumor development. PTEN is a unique tumor suppressor protein having both lipid and protein phosphatase activities. Interestingly though it is a cytoplasmic protein, but a significant pool of PTEN can also be localized in nucleus. The function of cytoplasmic PTEN is well defined and extensively studied in various literatures focusing mainly on the negative regulation of oncogenic PI-3Kinase-AKT pathway but functional regulation of nuclear PTEN is less defined and therefore it is a fascinating subject of research in cancer biology. Post-translation modulation of PTEN such as phosphorylation, sumorylation, acetylation and methylation also regulates its cellular localization, protein-protein association and catalytic function. Loss or mutation in PTEN is associated with the development of tumors in various tissues from the brain to prostate. Here we have summarized the role of nuclear PTEN and its epigenetic modulation in various DNA metabolic pathways, for example, DNA damage response, DNA repair, DNA replication, DNA segregation etc. Further, pathways involved in nuclear PTEN degradation are also discussed. Additionally, we also emphasize probable potential targets associated with PTEN pathway for chemotherapeutic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Misra
- PG Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, EB-2 Sector-1, Saltlake, Kolkata, India
| | - Ginia Ghosh
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
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9
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Fry AL, Webster AK, Burnett J, Chitrakar R, Baugh LR, Hubbard EJA. DAF-18/PTEN inhibits germline zygotic gene activation during primordial germ cell quiescence. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009650. [PMID: 34288923 PMCID: PMC8294487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescence, an actively-maintained reversible state of cell cycle arrest, is not well understood. PTEN is one of the most frequently lost tumor suppressors in human cancers and regulates quiescence of stem cells and cancer cells. The sole PTEN ortholog in Caenorhabditis elegans is daf-18. In a C. elegans loss-of-function mutant for daf-18, primordial germ cells (PGCs) divide inappropriately in L1 larvae hatched into starvation conditions, in a TOR-dependent manner. Here, we further investigated the role of daf-18 in maintaining PGC quiescence in L1 starvation. We found that maternal or zygotic daf-18 is sufficient to maintain cell cycle quiescence, that daf-18 acts in the germ line and soma, and that daf-18 affects timing of PGC divisions in fed animals. Importantly, our results also implicate daf-18 in repression of germline zygotic gene activation, though not in germline fate specification. However, TOR is less important to germline zygotic gene expression, suggesting that in the absence of food, daf-18/PTEN prevents inappropriate germline zygotic gene activation and cell division by distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Fry
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Amy K. Webster
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Julia Burnett
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rojin Chitrakar
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - L. Ryan Baugh
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - E. Jane Albert Hubbard
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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HDAC6 inhibitor WT161 performs anti-tumor effect on osteosarcoma and synergistically interacts with 5-FU. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228382. [PMID: 33860796 PMCID: PMC8150159 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WT161, as a selective HDAC6 inhibitor, has been shown to play anti-tumor effects on several kinds of cancers. The aim of the present study is to explore the roles of WT161 in osteosarcoma and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The anti-proliferative effect of WT161 on osteosarcoma cells was examined using MTT assay and colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometer. The synergistic effect was evaluated by isobologram analysis using CompuSyn software. The osteosarcoma xenograft models were established to evaluate the anti-proliferative effect of WT161 in vivo. RESULTS WT161 suppressed the cell growth and induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we found that WT161 treatment obviously increased the protein level of PTEN and decreased the phosphorylation level of protein kinase-B (AKT). More importantly, WT161 showed synergistic inhibition with 5-FU on osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that WT161 inhibits the growth of osteosarcoma through PTEN and has a synergistic efficiency with 5-FU.
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PTEN in prefrontal cortex is essential in regulating depression-like behaviors in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:185. [PMID: 33771972 PMCID: PMC7998021 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is an environmental risk factor for depression and causes neuronal atrophy in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and other brain regions. It is still unclear about the molecular mechanism underlying the behavioral alterations and neuronal atrophy induced by chronic stress. We here report that phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a mediator for chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors and neuronal atrophy in mice. One-month chronic restraint stress (CRS) up-regulated PTEN signaling pathway in the PFC of mice as indicated by increasing levels of PTEN, p-MEK, and p-ERK but decreasing levels of p-AKT. Over-expression of Pten in the PFC led to an increase of depression-like behaviors, whereas genetic inactivation or knockdown of Pten in the PFC prevented the CRS-induced depression-like behaviors. In addition, systemic administration of PTEN inhibitor was also able to prevent these behaviors. Cellular examination showed that Pten over-expression or the CRS treatment resulted in PFC neuron atrophy, and this atrophy was blocked by genetic inactivation of Pten or systemic administration of PTEN inhibitor. Furthermore, possible causal link between Pten and glucocorticoids was examined. In chronic dexamethasone (Dex, a glucocorticoid agonist) treatment-induced depression model, increased PTEN levels were observed, and depression-like behaviors and PFC neuron atrophy were attenuated by the administration of PTEN inhibitor. Our results indicate that PTEN serves as a key mediator in chronic stress-induced neuron atrophy as well as depression-like behaviors, providing molecular evidence supporting the synaptic plasticity theory of depression.
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Fiuji H, Nassiri M. Gene expression profiling of chromosome 10 in PTEN-knockout (−/−) human neural and mesenchymal stem cells: A system biology study. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Sun G, Ye H, Wang X, Cheng L, Ren P, Shi J, Dai L, Wang P, Zhang J. Identification of novel autoantibodies based on the protein chip encoded by cancer-driving genes in detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1814515. [PMID: 33457096 PMCID: PMC7781740 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1814515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify novel autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAbs) and explore the optimal diagnosis model based on the protein chip for detecting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The human protein chip based on cancer-driving genes was customized to discover candidate TAAbs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to verify and validate the expression levels of candidate TAAbs in the training cohort (130 ESCC and 130 normal controls) and the validation cohort (125 ESCC and 125 normal controls). Logistic regression analysis was adopted to construct the diagnostic model based on the expression levels of autoantibodies with diagnostic value. Twelve candidate autoantibodies were identified based on the protein chip according to the corresponding statistical methods. In both the training cohort and validation cohort, the expression levels of 10 TAAbs (GNA11, PTEN, P53, SRSF2, GNAS, ACVR1B, CASP8, DAXX, PDGFRA, and MEN1) in ESCC patients were higher than that in normal controls. The panel consisting of GNA11, ACVR1B and P53 demonstrated favorable diagnostic power. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the model in the train cohort and the validation cohort were 71.5%, 93.8%, 79.6% and 77.6%, 81.6%, 70.8%, respectively. In either cohort, there was no correlation between positive rate of the autoantibody panel and clinicopathologic features for ESCC patients. Protein chip technology is an effective method to identify novel TAAbs, and the panel of 3 TAAbs (GNA11, ACVR1B, and P53) is promising for distinguishing ESCC patients from normal individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Sun
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Ye
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Pengfei Ren
- Department of Molecular Pathology& Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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14
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Fan X, Kraynak J, Knisely JPS, Formenti SC, Shen WH. PTEN as a Guardian of the Genome: Pathways and Targets. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a036194. [PMID: 31932469 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Faithful transmission of genetic information is only possible with the structural and functional integrity of the genome. PTEN has been recognized as a guardian of the genome since the identification of its noncanonical localization and function in the nucleus. Yet, the role of PTEN in guarding the genome relies on integration of diverse mechanisms elicited by its canonical activity in antagonizing PI3K as well as emerging noncanonical functions. In the nucleus, PTEN maintains the structural integrity of chromosomes and the architecture of heterochromatin by physically interacting with chromosomal and nucleosomal components. PTEN also controls the functional integrity of key genetic transmission machineries by promoting proper assembly of the replisome and mitotic spindles. Deregulation of PTEN signaling impairs genome integrity, leading to spontaneous replication/mitotic stress and subsequent stress tolerance. Identification of novel targets of PTEN signaling and illumination of the interplay of diverse PTEN pathways in genome maintenance will help us better understand mechanisms underlying tumor evolution and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kraynak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan P S Knisely
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Wen H Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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15
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Abstract
As a unique subpopulation of cancer cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs) acquire the resistance to conventional therapies and appear to be the prime cause of cancer recurrence. Like their normal counterparts, CSCs can renew themselves and generate differentiated progenies. Cancer stem cells are distinguished among heterogenous cancer cells by molecular markers and their capacity of efficiently forming new tumors composed of diverse and heterogenous cancer cells. Tumor heterogeneity can be inter- or intra-tumor, molecularly resulting from the accumulation of genetic and non-genetic alterations. Non-genetic alterations are mainly changes on epigenetic modifications of DNA and histone, and chromatin remodeling. As tumor-initiating cells and contributing to the tumor heterogeneity in the brain, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) attract extensive research interests. Epigenetic modifications confer on tumor cells including CSCs reversible and inheritable genomic changes and affect gene expression without alteration in DNA sequence. Here, we will review recent advances in histone demethylation, DNA methylation, RNA methylation and ubiquitination in glioblastomas and their impacts on tumorigenesis with a focus on CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhou Zhu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Victoria Xie
- M.D. Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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16
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Liang Z, Tang Y, Li H, Xie Y, Zhan L. Association of phosphatase and tension homologue deleted on chromosome ten polymorphism rs1903858, but not serum levels with the risk of non-small-cell lung cancer: A case-control study. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23328. [PMID: 32537792 PMCID: PMC7439348 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the association between phosphatase and tension homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) gene polymorphisms and non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and further identify whether these polymorphisms influence serum PTEN levels. Methods A total of 152 NSCLC patients and 124 healthy controls were included in the study. PTEN gene rs11202586 (T > C) and rs1903858 (A > G) polymorphisms were detected using the multiple single‐base extension technique (SNaPshot). The serum PTEN levels were determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results The rs1903858 AG, GG genotypes, and G allele were associated with a higher risk of NSCLC (odds ratio (OR) =2.079, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.087‐3.974, P = .027; OR = 1.897, 95%CI = 1.053‐3.419, P = .033; OR = 1.505, 95%CI = 1.065‐2.126, P = .020). Stratified analysis reveal that the rs1903858 GG genotype and G allele were associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (OR = 3.226, 95%CI = 1.075‐9.678, P = .037; OR = 1.873, 95%CI = 1.092‐3.212, P = .023). Among smokers, the rs1903858 G allele carriers have an increased risk of NSCLC (OR = 1.916, 95%CI = 1.023‐3.589, P = .042), but a decreased risk of NSCLC was found with the AT haplotype. With respect to the serum PTEN levels, no significant difference was noted between NSCLC patients and healthy controls in this study. Conclusions The study indicated that the rs1903858 gene polymorphism is associated with increased risk of NSCLC, particularly in SCC and smoker, and the haplotype AT was a protective factor for NSCLC. The serum PTEN levels were not associated with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryRed Cross Hospital of Yulin CityYulinChina
| | - Yuzhu Tang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryRuikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Blood TransfusionPeople's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Youjun Xie
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Lingling Zhan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
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17
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Ho J, Cruise ES, Dowling RJO, Stambolic V. PTEN Nuclear Functions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a036079. [PMID: 31712221 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
For years, clinical and basic researchers have been aware of the presence of PTEN in the nucleus in cell culture, animal models, and both healthy and diseased human tissues. Despite the early recognition of nuclear PTEN, the understanding of the mechanisms of its nuclear localization, function in the nucleus, and importance in biology and human disease has been lacking. Over the last decade, emerging concepts for the complex involvement of nuclear PTEN in a variety of processes, including genome maintenance and DNA repair, cell-cycle control, gene expression, and DNA replication, are illuminating what could prove to be the key path toward a full understanding of PTEN function in health and disease. Dysregulation of nuclear PTEN is now considered an important aspect of the etiology of many pathologic conditions, prompting reconsideration of the therapeutic approaches aimed at countering the consequences of PTEN deficiency. This new knowledge is fueling the development of innovative therapeutic modalities for a broad spectrum of human conditions, from cancer and metabolic diseases, to neurological disorders and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Edward S Cruise
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ryan J O Dowling
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vuk Stambolic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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18
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Haddadi N, Travis G, Nassif NT, Simpson AM, Marsh DJ. Toward Systems Pathology for PTEN Diagnostics. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a037127. [PMID: 31615872 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Germline alterations of the tumor suppressor PTEN have been extensively characterized in patients with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes, encompassing subsets of Cowden syndrome, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, Proteus and Proteus-like syndromes, as well as autism spectrum disorder. Studies have shown an increase in the risk of developing specific cancer types in the presence of a germline PTEN mutation. Furthermore, outside of the familial setting, somatic variants of PTEN occur in numerous malignancies. Here we introduce and discuss the prospect of moving toward a systems pathology approach for PTEN diagnostics, incorporating clinical and molecular pathology data with the goal of improving the clinical management of patients with a PTEN mutation. Detection of a germline PTEN mutation can inform cancer surveillance and in the case of somatic mutation, have value in predicting disease course. Given that PTEN functions in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, identification of a PTEN mutation may highlight new therapeutic opportunities and/or inform therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Haddadi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Glena Travis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Najah T Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Ann M Simpson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Deborah J Marsh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Northern Clinical School, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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19
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Abstract
The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) is frequently mutated in human cancers, and it functions in multiple ways to safeguard cells from tumorigenesis. In the cytoplasm, PTEN antagonizes the PI3K/AKT pathway and suppresses cellular proliferation and survival. In the nucleus, PTEN is indispensable for the maintenance of genomic stability. In addition, PTEN loss leads to extensive changes in gene expression at the transcriptional level. The linker histone H1, generally considered as a transcriptional repressor, binds to the nucleosome to form a structure named the chromatosome. The dynamics between H1 and chromatin play an important role in determining gene expression. Here, we summarize the current understanding of roles of PTEN in controlling chromatin dynamics and global gene expression, which is crucial function of nuclear PTEN. We will also introduce the recent discovery of the PTEN family members and their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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20
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Steinbach N, Hasson D, Mathur D, Stratikopoulos EE, Sachidanandam R, Bernstein E, Parsons RE. PTEN interacts with the transcription machinery on chromatin and regulates RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:5573-5586. [PMID: 31169889 PMCID: PMC6582409 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-mediated transcription controls cellular phenotypes such as cancer. Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), one of the most commonly altered tumor suppressors in cancer, affects transcription via its role in antagonizing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Using co-immunoprecipitations and proximal ligation assays we provide evidence that PTEN interacts with AFF4, RNAPII, CDK9, cyclin T1, XPB and CDK7. Using ChIP-seq, we show that PTEN co-localizes with RNAPII and binds to chromatin in promoter and putative enhancer regions identified by histone modifications. Furthermore, we show that loss of PTEN affects RNAPII occupancy in gene bodies and further correlates with gene expression changes. Interestingly, PTEN binds to promoters and negatively regulates the expression of genes involved in transcription including AFF4 and POL2RA, which encodes a subunit of RNAPII. Loss of PTEN also increased cells' sensitivity to transcription inhibition via small molecules, which could provide a strategy to target PTEN-deficient cancers. Overall, our work describes a previously unappreciated role of nuclear PTEN, which by interacting with the transcription machinery in the context of chromatin exerts an additional layer of regulatory control on RNAPII-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Steinbach
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Author afMadison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dan Hasson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Author afMadison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Deepti Mathur
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Author afMadison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elias E Stratikopoulos
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Author afMadison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ravi Sachidanandam
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Author afMadison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emily Bernstein
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Author afMadison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ramon E Parsons
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Author afMadison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
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21
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Zhang J, Lee YR, Dang F, Gan W, Menon AV, Katon JM, Hsu CH, Asara JM, Tibarewal P, Leslie NR, Shi Y, Pandolfi PP, Wei W. PTEN Methylation by NSD2 Controls Cellular Sensitivity to DNA Damage. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1306-1323. [PMID: 31217297 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The function of PTEN in the cytoplasm largely depends on its lipid-phosphatase activity, though which it antagonizes the PI3K-AKT oncogenic pathway. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the role of PTEN in the nucleus remain largely elusive. Here, we report that DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) promote PTEN interaction with MDC1 upon ATM-dependent phosphorylation of T/S398-PTEN. Importantly, DNA DSBs enhance NSD2 (MMSET/WHSC1)-mediated dimethylation of PTEN at K349, which is recognized by the tudor domain of 53BP1 to recruit PTEN to DNA-damage sites, governing efficient repair of DSBs partly through dephosphorylation of γH2AX. Of note, inhibiting NSD2-mediated methylation of PTEN, either through expressing methylation-deficient PTEN mutants or through inhibiting NSD2, sensitizes cancer cells to combinatorial treatment with a PI3K inhibitor and DNA-damaging agents in both cell culture and in vivo xenograft models. Therefore, our study provides a novel molecular mechanism for PTEN regulation of DSB repair in a methylation- and protein phosphatase-dependent manner. SIGNIFICANCE: NSD2-mediated dimethylation of PTEN is recognized by the 53BP1 tudor domain to facilitate PTEN recruitment into DNA-damage sites, governing efficient repair of DNA DSBs. Importantly, inhibiting PTEN methylation sensitizes cancer cells to combinatorial treatment with a PI3K inhibitor combined with DNA-damaging agents in both cell culture and in vivo xenograft models.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu-Ru Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wenjian Gan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Archita Venugopal Menon
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesse M Katon
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chih-Hung Hsu
- Department of Public Health, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Division of Newborn Medicine and Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priyanka Tibarewal
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R Leslie
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Shi
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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22
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Bryant JM, Blind RD. Signaling through non-membrane nuclear phosphoinositide binding proteins in human health and disease. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:299-311. [PMID: 30201631 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r088518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide membrane signaling is critical for normal physiology, playing well-known roles in diverse human pathologies. The basic mechanisms governing phosphoinositide signaling within the nucleus, however, have remained deeply enigmatic owing to their presence outside the nuclear membranes. Over 40% of nuclear phosphoinositides can exist in this non-membrane state, held soluble in the nucleoplasm by nuclear proteins that remain largely unidentified. Recently, two nuclear proteins responsible for solubilizing phosphoinositides were identified, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1; NR5A1) and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1; NR5A2), along with two enzymes that directly remodel these phosphoinositide/protein complexes, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN; MMAC) and inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK; ipk2). These new footholds now permit the assignment of physiological functions for nuclear phosphoinositides in human diseases, such as endometriosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis, glioblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The unique nature of nuclear phosphoinositide signaling affords extraordinary clinical opportunities for new biomarkers, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Thus, phosphoinositide biology within the nucleus may represent the next generation of low-hanging fruit for new drugs, not unlike what has occurred for membrane phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase drug development. This review connects recent basic science discoveries in nuclear phosphoinositide signaling to clinical pathologies, with the hope of inspiring development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal M Bryant
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Raymond D Blind
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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23
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Danzi MC, O'Neill N, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP. Can Chromatin Accessibility be Exploited for Axon Regeneration? Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:991-997. [PMID: 29664188 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that the intrinsic ability of neurons to regenerate their axons can be stimulated by maneuvers that favor the open state of chromatin, such as inhibiting histone deacetylase activity or increasing histone acetyltransferase activity. Taken together, these experiments suggest that axon regenerative ability can be increased by promoting chromatin accessibility. In this article, we assess the direct evidence in the literature for this hypothesis and re-examine other axon regeneration-promoting manipulations to see if they provide additional support. We find that several interventions known to enhance intrinsic axonal growth capability also increase chromatin accessibility. Although the support for this correlation is strong in the literature, we conclude with a word of caution about therapeutics attempting to exploit this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt C Danzi
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nick O'Neill
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - John L Bixby
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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24
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Malaney P, Palumbo E, Semidey-Hurtado J, Hardee J, Stanford K, Kathiriya JJ, Patel D, Tian Z, Allen-Gipson D, Davé V. PTEN Physically Interacts with and Regulates E2F1-mediated Transcription in Lung Cancer. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:947-962. [PMID: 29108454 PMCID: PMC6103743 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1388970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN phosphorylation at its C-terminal (C-tail) serine/threonine cluster negatively regulates its tumor suppressor function. However, the consequence of such inhibition and its downstream effects in driving lung cancer remain unexplored. Herein, we ascertain the molecular mechanisms by which phosphorylation compromises PTEN function, contributing to lung cancer. Replacement of the serine/threonine residues with alanine generated PTEN-4A, a phosphorylation-deficient PTEN mutant, which suppressed lung cancer cell proliferation and migration. PTEN-4A preferentially localized to the nucleus where it suppressed E2F1-mediated transcription of cell cycle genes. PTEN-4A physically interacted with the transcription factor E2F1 and associated with chromatin at gene promoters with E2F1 DNA-binding sites, a likely mechanism for its transcriptional suppression function. Deletion analysis revealed that the C2 domain of PTEN was indispensable for suppression of E2F1-mediated transcription. Further, we uncovered cancer-associated C2 domain mutant proteins that had lost their ability to suppress E2F1-mediated transcription, supporting the concept that these mutations are oncogenic in patients. Consistent with these findings, we observed increased PTEN phosphorylation and reduced nuclear PTEN levels in lung cancer patient samples establishing phosphorylation as a bona fide inactivation mechanism for PTEN in lung cancer. Thus, use of small molecule inhibitors that hinder PTEN phosphorylation is a plausible approach to activate PTEN function in the treatment of lung cancer. Abbreviations AKT V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene CA Cancer adjacent CDK1 Cyclin dependent kinase 1 CENPC-C Centromere Protein C ChIP Chromatin Immunoprecipitation co-IP Co-immunoprecipitation COSMIC Catalog of Somatic Mutations In Cancer CREB cAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein C-tail Carboxy terminal tail E2F1 E2F Transcription Factor 1 ECIS Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing EGFR Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor GSI Gamma Secretase Inhibitor HDAC1 Histone Deacetylase 1 HP1 Heterochromatin protein 1 KAP1/TRIM28 KRAB-Associated Protein 1/Tripartite Motif Containing 28 MAF1 Repressor of RNA polymerase III transcription MAF1 homolog MCM2 Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2 miRNA micro RNA MTF1 Metal-Regulatory Transcription Factor 1 PARP Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase PD-1 Programmed Cell Death 1 PD-L1 Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 PI3K Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase PLK Polo-like Kinase pPTEN Phosphorylated PTEN PTEN Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog deleted on chromosome ten PTM Post Translational Modification Rad51 RAD51 Recombinase Rad52 RAD52 Recombinase RPA1 Replication protein A SILAC Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture SRF Serum Response Factor TKI Tyrosine Kinase inhbitors TMA Tissue Microarray TOP2A DNA Topoisomerase 2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Malaney
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine
| | - Emily Palumbo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine
| | | | - Jamaal Hardee
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine
| | | | | | - Deepal Patel
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine
| | - Zhi Tian
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Diane Allen-Gipson
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Vrushank Davé
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine
- Lung Cancer Center of Excellence, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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25
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Wang S, Qin J, Ye H, Wang K, Shi J, Ma Y, Duan Y, Song C, Wang X, Dai L, Wang K, Wang P, Zhang J. Using a panel of multiple tumor-associated antigens to enhance autoantibody detection for immunodiagnosis of gastric cancer. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1452582. [PMID: 30221047 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1452582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are attractive non-invasive biomarkers for detection of cancer due to their inherently stable in serum. Serum autoantibodies against 9 TAAs from gastric cancer (GC) patients and healthy controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A logistic regression model predicting the risk of being diagnosed with GC in the training cohort (n = 558) was generated and then validated in an independent cohort (n = 372). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the diagnostic performance. Finally, an optimal prediction model with 6 TAAs (p62, c-Myc, NPM1, 14-3-3ξ, MDM2 and p16) showed a great diagnostic performance of GC with AUC of 0.841 in the training cohort and 0.856 in the validation cohort. The proportion of subjects being correctly defined were 78.49% in the training cohort and 81.99% in the validation cohort. This prediction model could also differentiate early-stage (stage I-II) GC patients from healthy controls with sensitivity/specificity of 76.60%/72.34% and 80.56%/79.17% in the training and validation cohort, respectively, and the overall sensitivity/specificity for early-stage GC were 78.92%/74.70% when being combined with two cohorts. This prediction model presented no significant difference for the diagnostic accuracy between early-stage and late-stage (stage III - IV) GC patients. The model with 6 TAAs showed a high diagnostic performance for GC detection, particularly for early-stage GC. This study further supported the hypothesis that a customized array of multiple TAAs was able to enhance autoantibody detection in the immunodiagnosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiejie Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Keyan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yitao Duan
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liping Dai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kaijuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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26
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Heterochromatin protects retinal pigment epithelium cells from oxidative damage by silencing p53 target genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3987-E3995. [PMID: 29622681 PMCID: PMC5924883 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715237115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS)-induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell apoptosis is critically implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Heterochromatin, a compact and transcriptional inert chromatin structure, has been recently shown to be dynamically regulated in response to stress stimuli. The functional mechanism of heterochromatin on OS exposure is unclear, however. Here we show that OS increases heterochromatin formation both in vivo and in vitro, which is essential for protecting RPE cells from oxidative damage. Mechanistically, OS-induced heterochromatin selectively accumulates at p53-regulated proapoptotic target promoters and inhibits their transcription. Furthermore, OS-induced desumoylation of p53 promotes p53-heterochromatin interaction and regulates p53 promoter selection, resulting in the locus-specific recruitment of heterochromatin and transcription repression. Together, our findings demonstrate a protective function of OS-induced heterochromatin formation in which p53 desumoylation-guided promoter selection and subsequent heterochromatin recruitment play a critical role. We propose that targeting heterochromatin provides a plausible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AMD.
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27
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Ullman D, Dorn D, Rais-Bahrami S, Gordetsky J. Clinical Utility and Biologic Implications of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) and ETS-related Gene (ERG) in Prostate Cancer. Urology 2017; 113:59-70. [PMID: 29225123 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and ETS-related gene (ERG) mutations are commonly found in prostate cancer. Although mouse studies have demonstrated that PTEN and ERG cooperatively interact during tumorigenesis, human studies examining these genes have been inconclusive. A systematic PubMed search including original articles assessing the pathogenesis of PTEN and ERG in prostate cancer was performed. Studies examining ERG's prognostic significance have conflicting results. Studies examining PTEN and ERG simultaneously found these genes are likely to occur together, but cooperative tumorigenesis functions have not been conclusively established. PTEN mutations are associated with a range of prognostic features. However, the practical clinical utility of this information remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ullman
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - David Dorn
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Soroush Rais-Bahrami
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jennifer Gordetsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
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28
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Strakovsky RS, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Pan YX. Epigenetic Regulation of Centromere Chromatin Stability by Dietary and Environmental Factors. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:889-904. [PMID: 29141972 PMCID: PMC5683002 DOI: 10.3945/an.117.016402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The centromere is a genomic locus required for the segregation of the chromosomes during cell division. This chromosomal region together with pericentromeres has been found to be susceptible to damage, and thus the perturbation of the centromere could lead to the development of aneuploidic events. Metabolic abnormalities that underlie the generation of cancer include inflammation, oxidative stress, cell cycle deregulation, and numerous others. The micronucleus assay, an early clinical marker of cancer, has been shown to provide a reliable measure of genotoxic damage that may signal cancer initiation. In the current review, we will discuss the events that lead to micronucleus formation and centromeric and pericentromeric chromatin instability, as well transcripts emanating from these regions, which were previously thought to be inactive. Studies were selected in PubMed if they reported the effects of nutritional status (macro- and micronutrients) or environmental toxicant exposure on micronucleus frequency or any other chromosomal abnormality in humans, animals, or cell models. Mounting evidence from epidemiologic, environmental, and nutritional studies provides a novel perspective on the origination of aneuploidic events. Although substantial evidence exists describing the role that nutritional status and environmental toxicants have on the generation of micronuclei and other nuclear aberrations, limited information is available to describe the importance of macro- and micronutrients on centromeric and pericentromeric chromatin stability. Moving forward, studies that specifically address the direct link between nutritional status, excess, or deficiency and the epigenetic regulation of the centromere will provide much needed insight into the nutritional and environmental regulation of this chromosomal region and the initiation of aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences,,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition,,Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL; and
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29
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Hou SQ, Ouyang M, Brandmaier A, Hao H, Shen WH. PTEN in the maintenance of genome integrity: From DNA replication to chromosome segregation. Bioessays 2017; 39. [PMID: 28891157 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Faithful DNA replication and accurate chromosome segregation are the key machineries of genetic transmission. Disruption of these processes represents a hallmark of cancer and often results from loss of tumor suppressors. PTEN is an important tumor suppressor that is frequently mutated or deleted in human cancer. Loss of PTEN has been associated with aneuploidy and poor prognosis in cancer patients. In mice, Pten deletion or mutation drives genomic instability and tumor development. PTEN deficiency induces DNA replication stress, confers stress tolerance, and disrupts mitotic spindle architecture, leading to accumulation of structural and numerical chromosome instability. Therefore, PTEN guards the genome by controlling multiple processes of chromosome inheritance. Here, we summarize current understanding of the PTEN function in promoting high-fidelity transmission of genetic information. We also discuss the PTEN pathways of genome maintenance and highlight potential targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qi Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meng Ouyang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Brandmaier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongbo Hao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen H Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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30
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Brandmaier A, Hou SQ, Demaria S, Formenti SC, Shen WH. PTEN at the interface of immune tolerance and tumor suppression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMID: 29527223 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-017-1443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PTEN is well known to function as a tumor suppressor that antagonizes oncogenic signaling and maintains genomic stability. The PTEN gene is frequently deleted or mutated in human cancers and the wide cancer spectrum associated with PTEN deficiency has been recapitulated in a variety of mouse models of Pten deletion or mutation. Pten mutations are highly penetrant in causing various types of spontaneous tumors that often exhibit resistance to anticancer therapies including immunotherapy. Recent studies demonstrate that PTEN also regulates immune functionality. OBJECTIVE To understand the multifaceted functions of PTEN as both a tumor suppressor and an immune regulator. METHODS This review will summarize the emerging knowledge of PTEN function in cancer immunoediting. In addition, the mechanisms underlying functional integration of various PTEN pathways in regulating cancer evolution and tumor immunity will be highlighted. RESULTS Recent preclinical and clinical studies revealed the essential role of PTEN in maintaining immune homeostasis, which significantly expands the repertoire of PTEN functions. Mechanistically, aberrant PTEN signaling alters the interplay between the immune system and tumors, leading to immunosuppression and tumor escape. CONCLUSION Rational design of personalized anti-cancer treatment requires mechanistic understanding of diverse PTEN signaling pathways in modulation of the crosstalk between tumor and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brandmaier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sheng-Qi Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wen H Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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31
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Takiar V, Ip CKM, Gao M, Mills GB, Cheung LWT. Neomorphic mutations create therapeutic challenges in cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:1607-1618. [PMID: 27841866 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenesis is a pathologic process driven by genomic aberrations, including changes in nucleotide sequences. The majority of these mutational events fall into two broad categories: inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (hypomorph, antimorph or amorph) or activation of oncogenes (hypermorph). The recent surge in genome sequence data and functional genomics research has ushered in the discovery of aberrations in a third category: gain-of-novel-function mutation (neomorph). These neomorphic mutations, which can be found in both tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, produce proteins with entirely different functions from their respective wild-type (WT) proteins and the other morphs. The unanticipated phenotypic outcomes elicited by neomorphic mutations imply that tumors with the neomorphic mutations may not respond to therapies designed to target the WT protein. Therefore, understanding the functional activities of each genomic aberration to be targeted is crucial in devising effective treatment strategies that will benefit specific cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Takiar
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, UC Barrett Cancer Center, OH, USA
| | - C K M Ip
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Gao
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L W T Cheung
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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32
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Lester A, Rapkins R, Nixdorf S, Khasraw M, McDonald K. Combining PARP inhibitors with radiation therapy for the treatment of glioblastoma: Is PTEN predictive of response? Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 19:273-278. [PMID: 27655368 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-016-1547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is fatal. The standard radiotherapy and chemotherapy (temozolomide) followed by an adjuvant phase of temozolomide provide patients with, on average, a 2.5 months benefit. New treatments that can improve sensitivity to the standard treatment are urgently needed. Herein, we review the mechanisms and utility of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in combination with radiation therapy as a treatment option for GBM patients and the role of phosphatase and tensin homologue mutations as a biomarker of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lester
- University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - R Rapkins
- University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - S Nixdorf
- University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - M Khasraw
- University of Sydney, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - K McDonald
- University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
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33
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Zhang Z, Hou SQ, He J, Gu T, Yin Y, Shen WH. PTEN regulates PLK1 and controls chromosomal stability during cell division. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2476-85. [PMID: 27398835 PMCID: PMC5026806 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1203493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN functions as a guardian of the genome through multiple mechanisms. We have previously established that PTEN maintains the structural integrity of chromosomes. In this report, we demonstrate a fundamental role of PTEN in controlling chromosome inheritance to prevent gross genomic alterations. Disruption of PTEN or depletion of PTEN protein phosphatase activity causes abnormal chromosome content, manifested by enlarged or polyploid nuclei. We further identify polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as a substrate of PTEN phosphatase. PTEN can physically associate with PLK1 and reduce PLK1 phosphorylation in a phosphatase-dependent manner. We show that PTEN deficiency leads to PLK1 phosphorylation and that a phospho-mimicking PLK1 mutant causes polyploidy, imitating functional deficiency of PTEN phosphatase. Inhibition of PLK1 activity or overexpression of a non-phosphorylatable PLK1 mutant reduces the polyploid cell population. These data reveal a new mechanism by which PTEN controls genomic stability during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Medical Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheng-Qi Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Medical Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinxue He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Medical Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tingting Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Medical Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Medical Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Present address: Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wen H. Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Medical Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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34
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Yu S, Yang F, Shen WH. Genome maintenance in the context of 4D chromatin condensation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3137-50. [PMID: 27098512 PMCID: PMC4956502 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic genome is packaged in the three-dimensional nuclear space by forming loops, domains, and compartments in a hierarchical manner. However, when duplicated genomes prepare for segregation, mitotic cells eliminate topologically associating domains and abandon the compartmentalized structure. Alongside chromatin architecture reorganization during the transition from interphase to mitosis, cells halt most DNA-templated processes such as transcription and repair. The intrinsically condensed chromatin serves as a sophisticated signaling module subjected to selective relaxation for programmed genomic activities. To understand the elaborate genome-epigenome interplay during cell cycle progression, the steady three-dimensional genome requires a time scale to form a dynamic four-dimensional and a more comprehensive portrait. In this review, we will dissect the functions of critical chromatin architectural components in constructing and maintaining an orderly packaged chromatin environment. We will also highlight the importance of the spatially and temporally conscious orchestration of chromatin remodeling to ensure high-fidelity genetic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen H Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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35
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K.M. Ip C, Yin J, K.S. Ng P, Lin SY, B. Mills G. Genomic-Glycosylation Aberrations in Tumor Initiation, Progression and Management. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2016.4.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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36
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Nizialek EA, Sankunny M, Niazi F, Eng C. Cancer-predisposition gene KLLN maintains pericentric H3K9 trimethylation protecting genomic stability. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:3586-94. [PMID: 26673699 PMCID: PMC4856962 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of proper chromatin states and genomic stability is vital for normal development and health across a range of organisms. Here, we report on the role of KLLN in maintenance of pericentric H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and genomic stability. Germline hypermethylation of KLLN, a gene uncovered well after the human genome project, has been linked to Cowden cancer-predisposition syndrome (CS) in PTEN wild-type cases. KLLN first identified as a p53-dependent tumor suppressor gene, was believed to bind randomly to DNA and cause S-phase arrest. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation-based sequencing (ChIP-seq), we demonstrated that KLLN binds to DNA regions enriched with H3K9me3. KLLN overexpression correlated with increased H3K9 methyltransferase activity and increased global H3K9me3, while knockdown of KLLN had an opposite effect. We also found KLLN to localize to pericentric regions, with loss of KLLN resulting in dysregulation of pericentric heterochromatin, with consequent chromosomal instability manifested by increased micronuclei formation and numerical chromosomal aberrations. Interestingly, we show that KLLN interacts with DBC1, with consequent abrogation of DBC1 inhibition of SUV39H1, a H3K9 methyltransferase, suggesting the mode of KLLN regulating H3K9me3. These results suggest a critical role for KLLN as a potential regulator of pericentric heterochromatin formation, genomic stability and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Nizialek
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Madhav Sankunny
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Farshad Niazi
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA Germline High Risk Focus Group, CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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