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Shah H, Hill TA, Lim J, Fairlie DP. Protease-activated receptor 2 attenuates doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00791-6. [PMID: 37991681 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents a major problem in cancer treatment. Doxorubicin (adriamycin) is an injectable DNA intercalating drug that halts cancer cell growth by inhibiting topoisomerase 2, but its long-term effectiveness is compromised by onset of resistance. This study demonstrates that expression of the PAR2 gene in human colon adenocarcinoma tissue samples was the highest among 32 different cancer types (n = 10,989), and higher in colon adenocarcinoma tissues (n = 331) than normal colon tissues (n = 308), revealing an association between PAR2 expression and human colon cancer. HT29 cells are a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line that is sensitive to the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin and also expresses PAR2. We find that PAR2 activation in HT29 cells, either by an endogenous protease agonist (trypsin) or an exogenous peptide agonist (2f-LIGRL-NH2), significantly reduces doxorubicin-induced cell death, reactive oxygen species production, caspase 3/7 activity and cleavage of caspase-8 and caspase-3. Moreover, PAR2-mediated MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway induced by 2f-LIGRL-NH2 leads to upregulated anti-apoptotic MCL-1 and Bcl-xL proteins that promote cellular survival. These findings suggest that activation of PAR2 compromises efficacy of doxorubicin in colon cancer. Further support for this conclusion came from experiments with human colon cancer HT29 cells, either with the PAR2 gene deleted or in the presence of a pharmacological antagonist of PAR2, which showed full restoration of all doxorubicin-mediated effects. Together, these findings reveal a strong link between PAR2 activation and signalling in human colon cancer cells and increased survival against doxorubicin-induced cell death. They support PAR2 antagonism as a possible new strategy for enhancing doxorubicin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Shah
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy A Hill
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Junxian Lim
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - David P Fairlie
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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2
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Regorafenib induces Bim-mediated intrinsic apoptosis by blocking AKT-mediated FOXO3a nuclear export. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:37. [PMID: 36720853 PMCID: PMC9889785 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Regorafenib (REGO) is a synthetic oral multi-kinase inhibitor with potent antitumor activity. In this study, we investigate the molecular mechanisms by which REGO induces apoptosis. REGO induced cytotoxicity, inhibited the proliferation and migration ability of cells, and induced nuclear condensation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells. REGO downregulated PI3K and p-AKT level, and prevented FOXO3a nuclear export. Most importantly, AKT agonist (SC79) not only inhibited REGO-induced FOXO3a nuclear localization and apoptosis but also restored the proliferation and migration ability of cancer cells, further demonstrating that REGO prevented FOXO3a nuclear export by deactivating PI3K/AKT. REGO treatment promotes Bim expression via the FOXO3a nuclear localization pathway following PI3K/AKT inactivation. REGO induced Bim upregulation and translocation into mitochondria as well as Bim-mediated Bax translocation into mitochondria. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis showed that REGO enhanced the binding of Bim to Bak/Bax. Knockdown of Bim, Bak and Bax respectively almost completely inhibited REGO-induced apoptosis, demonstrating the key role of Bim by directly activating Bax/Bak. Knockdown of Bax but not Bak inhibited REGO-induced Drp1 oligomerization in mitochondria. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that REGO promotes apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a/Bim-mediated intrinsic pathway.
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Triple negative breast cancer: approved treatment options and their mechanisms of action. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04189-6. [PMID: 35976445 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer, the most prevalent cancer worldwide, consists of 4 main subtypes, namely, Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-positive, and Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Triple-negative breast tumors, which do not express estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, account for approximately 15-20% of breast cancer cases. The lack of traditional receptor targets contributes to the heterogenous, aggressive, and refractory nature of these tumors, resulting in limited therapeutic strategies. METHODS Chemotherapeutics such as taxanes and anthracyclines have been the traditional go to treatment regimens for TNBC patients. Paclitaxel, docetaxel, doxorubicin, and epirubicin have been longstanding, Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapies against TNBC. Additionally, the FDA approved PARP inhibitors such as olaparib and atezolizumab to be used in combination with chemotherapies, primarily to improve their efficiency and reduce adverse patient outcomes. The immunotherapeutic Keytruda was the latest addition to the FDA-approved list of drugs used to treat TNBC. RESULTS The following review aims to elucidate current FDA-approved therapeutics and their mechanisms of action, shedding a light on the various strategies currently used to circumvent the treatment-resistant nature of TNBC cases. CONCLUSION The recent approval and use of therapies such as Trodelvy, olaparib and Keytruda has its roots in the development of an understanding of signaling pathways that drive tumour growth. In the future, the emergence of novel drug delivery methods may help increase the efficiency of these therapies whiel also reducing adverse side effects.
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4
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Sritharan S, Guha S, Hazarika S, Sivalingam N. Meta analysis of bioactive compounds, miRNA, siRNA and cell death regulators as sensitizers to doxorubicin induced chemoresistance. Apoptosis 2022; 27:622-646. [PMID: 35716277 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has presented to be the most challenging disease, contributing to one in six mortalities worldwide. The current treatment regimen involves multiple rounds of chemotherapy administration, alone or in combination. The treatment has adverse effects including cardiomyopathy, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. In addition, the development of resistance to chemo has been attributed to cancer relapse and low patient overall survivability. Multiple drug resistance development may be through numerous factors such as up-regulation of drug transporters, drug inactivation, alteration of drug targets and drug degradation. Doxorubicin is a widely used first line chemotherapeutic drug for a myriad of cancers. It has multiple intracellular targets, DNA intercalation, adduct formation, topoisomerase inhibition, iron chelation, reactive oxygen species generation and promotes immune mediated clearance of the tumor. Agents that can sensitize the resistant cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic drug are currently the focus to improve the clinical efficiency of cancer therapy. This review summarizes the recent 10-year research on the use of natural phytochemicals, inhibitors of apoptosis and autophagy, miRNAs, siRNAs and nanoformulations being investigated for doxorubicin chemosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Sritharan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Sampurna Guha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Snoopy Hazarika
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Nageswaran Sivalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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5
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Severe cellular stress drives apoptosis through a dual control mechanism independently of p53. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:282. [PMID: 35680784 PMCID: PMC9184497 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
For past two decades, p53 has been claimed as the primary sensor initiating apoptosis. Under severe cellular stress, p53 transcriptional activity activates BH3-only proteins such as Bim, Puma, or Noxa to nullify the inhibitory effects of anti-apoptotic proteins on pro-apoptotic proteins for mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Cellular stress determines the expression level of p53, and the amount of p53 corresponds to the magnitude of apoptosis. However, our studies indicated that Bim and Puma are not the target genes of p53 in three cancer models, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, and osteosarcoma. Bim counteracted with Bcl-xl to activate apoptosis independently of p53 in response to doxorubicin-induced severe DNA damage in prostate cancer. Moreover, the transcriptional activity of p53 was more related to cell cycle arrest other than apoptosis for responding to DNA damage stress generated by doxorubicin in prostate cancer and glioblastoma. A proteasome inhibitor that causes protein turnover dysfunction, bortezomib, produced apoptosis in a p53-independent manner in glioblastoma and osteosarcoma. p53 in terms of both protein level and nuclear localization in combining doxorubicin with bortezomib treatment was obviously lower than when using DOX alone, inversely correlated with the magnitude of apoptosis in glioblastoma. Using a BH3-mimetic, ABT-263, to treat doxorubicin-sensitive p53-wild type and doxorubicin-resistant p53-null osteosarcoma cells demonstrated only limited apoptotic response. The combination of doxorubicin or bortezomib with ABT-263 generated a synergistic outcome of apoptosis in both p53-wild type and p53-null osteosarcoma cells. Together, this suggested that p53 might have no role in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer, glioblastoma and osteosarcoma. The effects of ABT-263 in single and combination treatment of osteosarcoma or prostate cancer indicated a dual control to regulate apoptosis in response to severe cellular stress. Whether our findings only apply in these three types of cancers or extend to other cancer types remains to be explored.
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6
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Ho CJ, Tsai CY, Zhu WH, Pao YH, Chen HW, Hu CJ, Lee YL, Huang TS, Chen CH, Loh JK, Hong YR, Wang C. Compound cellular stress maximizes apoptosis independently of p53 in glioblastoma. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1153-1165. [PMID: 35311459 PMCID: PMC9103265 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2041954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the apoptotic response of two glioblastoma cells, p53 wild type U87 and p53 mutated T98G, to doxorubicin, bortezomib, and vorinostat, which respectively target DNA, 26S proteasome and histone deacetylase, to clarify p53's function in apoptosis. We demonstrated that doxorubicin induced apoptosis in U87 cells but not in T98G cells. The level of p53 was definitively correlated to the extent of DNA damage and apoptosis initiation. Dominant-negative p53 reduced p21 expression, but did not affect doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, so the transcriptional activity of p53 seemed not to participate in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. However, p53 concentrated into the nucleus during heavy apoptosis. Bortezomib could induce apoptosis in U87 with high sensitivity and T98G cells with low sensitivity. In contrast, vorinostat promoted apoptosis in both U87 and T98G cells and reduced the basal level of p53 in U87 cells, indicating that p53 played no role in the vorinostat-induced apoptosis. To clearly define the role of p53 in bortezomib- and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, we combined doxorubicin with bortezomib to treat U87 cells to assess this combination's effect on apoptosis and p53 status. Interestingly, the combination of doxorubicin with bortezomib engendered compound stress, resulting in a synergistic outcome for apoptosis in U87 cells. However, the amounts of p53 in the total count and in the nucleus were much lower with the combination than with doxorubicin alone, suggesting that p53 played no role in either the compound stress, doxorubicin-only or bortezomib-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jung Ho
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University,Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Post Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hua Zhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Pao
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wen Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ju Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Shuo Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Joon-Khim Loh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Department of Biochemistry & Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chihuei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- CONTACT Chihuei Wang
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7
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Huang SB, Rivas P, Yang X, Lai Z, Chen Y, Schadler KL, Hu M, Reddick RL, Ghosh R, Kumar AP. SIRT1 inhibition-induced senescence as a strategy to prevent prostate cancer progression. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:702-716. [PMID: 35452563 PMCID: PMC10161240 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests an important role for SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase in cancer development, progression and therapeutic resistance; making it a viable therapeutic target. Here, we examined the impact of resveratrol-mediated pharmacological activation of SIRT1 on the progression of HGPIN lesions (using the Pten-/- mouse model) and on prostate tumor development (using an orthotopic model of prostate cancer cells stably silenced for SIRT1). We show that precise SIRT1 modulation could benefit both cancer prevention and treatment. Positive effect of SIRT1 activation can prevent Pten deletion-driven development of HGPIN lesions in mice if resveratrol is administered early (pre-cancer stage) with little to no benefit after the establishment of HGPIN lesions or tumor cell implantation. Mechanistically, our results show that under androgen deprivation conditions, SIRT1 inhibition induces senescence as evidenced by decreased gene signature associated with negative regulators of senescence and increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 potentiated growth inhibitory effects of clinical androgen receptor blockade agents and radiation. Taken together, our findings provide an explanation for the discrepancy regarding the role of SIRT1 in prostate tumorigenesis. Our results reveal that the bifurcated roles for SIRT1 may occur in stage and context-dependent fashion by functioning in an antitumor role in prevention of early-stage prostate lesion development while promoting tumor development and disease progression post-lesion development. Clinically, these data highlight the importance of precise SIRT1 modulation to provide benefits for cancer prevention and treatment including sensitization to conventional therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Bo Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Paul Rivas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UT Health at San Antonio Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UT Health at San Antonio Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Keri L Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert L Reddick
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Addanki P Kumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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8
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Patra T, Meyer K, Ray RB, Kanda T, Ray R. Akt inhibitor augments anti-proliferative efficacy of a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor by FOXO3a activation in p53 mutated hepatocarcinoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1073. [PMID: 34759291 PMCID: PMC8580964 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancy-related deaths. p53 mutation in HCC associates with worse clinicopathologic features including therapeutic limitation. A combination of targeted therapy may have some advantages. Akt/mTOR signaling contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. Akt inhibitor (AZD5363) and mTORC1/2 dual inhibitor (AZD8055) are in a clinical trial for HCC and other cancers. In this study, we examined whether these inhibitors successfully induce antiproliferative activity in p53 mutant HCC cells, and the underlying mechanisms. We observed that a combination of AZD5363 and AZD8055 treatment synergizes antiproliferative activity on p53 mutated or wild-type HCC cell lines and induces apoptotic cell death. Mechanistic insights indicate that a combination of AZD5363 and AZD8055 activated FOXO3a to induce Bim-associated apoptosis in p53 mutated HCC cells, whereas cells retaining functional p53 enhanced Bax. siRNA-mediated knock-down of Bim or Bax prevented apoptosis in inhibitor-treated cells. We further observed a combination of treatment inhibits phosphorylation of FOXO3a and protects FOXO3a from MDM2 mediated degradation by preventing the phosphorylation of Akt and SGK1. FOXO3a accumulates in the nucleus under these conditions and induces Bim transcription in p53 mutant HCC cells. Combination treatment in the HCC cells expressing wild-type p53 causes interference of FOXO3a function for direct interaction with functional p53 and unable to induce Bim-associated cell death. On the other hand, Bim-associated cell death occurs in p53 mutant cells due to uninterrupted FOXO3a function. Overall, our findings suggested that a combined regimen of dual mTORC1/2 and Akt inhibitors may be an effective therapeutic strategy for HCC patients harboring p53 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Patra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri, MO, USA.
| | - Keith Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri, MO, USA
| | - Ratna B Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, MO, USA
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ranjit Ray
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri, MO, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, MO, USA.
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9
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Caryophyllene Oxide, the Active Compound Isolated from Leaves of Hymenaea courbaril L. (Fabaceae) with Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects on PC-3 Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cell Line. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206142. [PMID: 34684723 PMCID: PMC8538860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment frequently carries side effects, therefore, the search for new selective and effective molecules is indispensable. Hymenaea courbaril L. has been used in traditional medicine in South America to treat several diseases, including prostate cancer. Leaves’ extracts from different polarities were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-methyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay to determine the cytotoxicity in prostate p53-null cells, followed by bio-guided fractionations to obtain the most cytotoxic fraction considering the selectivity index. The most cytotoxic fraction was analyzed by GC/MS to identify the active compounds. The majority compound, caryophyllene oxide, induced early and late apoptosis, depolarized the mitochondrial membrane, leading to several morphological changes and shifts in apoptotic proteins, and caspases were evidenced. Depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane releases the pro-apoptotic protein Bax from Bcl-xL. The apoptosis process is caspase-7 activation-dependent. Caryophyllene oxide is a safe anti-proliferative agent against PC-3 cells, inducing apoptosis with low toxicity towards normal cells.
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10
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Ho CJ, Ko HJ, Liao TS, Zheng XR, Chou PH, Wang LT, Lin RW, Chen CH, Wang C. Severe cellular stress activates apoptosis independently of p53 in osteosarcoma. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:275. [PMID: 34608124 PMCID: PMC8490387 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis induced by doxorubicin, bortezomib, or paclitaxel, targeting DNA, 26S proteasome, and microtubules respectively, was assessed in two osteosarcoma cells, p53 wild-type U2OS and p53-null MG63 cells. Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis only occurred in U2OS, not in MG63. In contrast, bortezomib and paclitaxel could drive U2OS or MG63 toward apoptosis effectively, suggesting that apoptosis induced by bortezomib or paclitaxel is p53-independent. The expressions of Bcl2 family members such as Bcl2, Bcl-xl, and Puma could be seen in U2OS and MG63 cells with or without doxorubicin, bortezomib, or paclitaxel treatment. In contrast, another member, Bim, only could be observed in U2OS, not in MG63, under the same conditions. Bim knockdown did not affect the doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in U2OS, suggested that a BH3-only protein other than Bim might participate in apoptosis induced by doxorubicin. Using a BH3-mimetic, ABT-263, to inhibit Bcl2 or Bcl-xl produced a limited apoptotic response in U2OS and MG63 cells, suggesting that this BH3-mimetic cannot activate the Bax/Bak pathway efficiently. Significantly, ABT-263 enhanced doxorubicin- and bortezomib-induced apoptosis synergistically in U2OS and MG63 cells. These results implied that the severe cellular stress caused by doxorubicin or bortezomib might be mediated through a dual process to control apoptosis. Respectively, doxorubicin or bortezomib activates a BH3-only protein in one way and corresponding unknown factors in another way to affect mitochondrial outer membrane permeability, resulting in apoptosis. The combination of doxorubicin with ABT-263 could produce synergistic apoptosis in MG63 cells, which lack p53, suggesting that p53 has no role in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma. In addition, ABT-263 enhanced paclitaxel to induce moderate levels of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jung Ho
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Jiun Ko
- Department of Biochemistry & Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Shao Liao
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Xiang-Ren Zheng
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsu Chou
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Wei Lin
- Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chihuei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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11
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Li H, Yang W, Zhang M, He T, Zhou F, G Herman J, Hu L, Guo M. Methylation of TMEM176A, a key ERK signaling regulator, is a novel synthetic lethality marker of ATM inhibitors in human lung cancer. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1403-1419. [PMID: 34558311 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The role of TMEM176A methylation in lung cancer and its therapeutic application remains unclear. Materials and methods: Nine lung cancer cell lines and 123 cases of cancer tissue samples were employed. Results: TMEM176A was methylated in 53.66% of primary lung cancer. Restoration of TMEM176A expression induced cell apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest, and inhibited colony formation, cell proliferation, migration and invasion. TMEM176A suppressed H1299 cell xenograft growth in mice. Methylation of TMEM176A activated ERK signaling and sensitized H1299 and H23 cells to AZD0156, an ATM inhibitor. Conclusion: The expression of TMEM176A is regulated by promoter region methylation. Methylation of TMEM176A is a potential lung cancer diagnostic marker and a novel synthetic lethal therapeutic marker for AZD0156.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Faculty of Environmental & Life Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Oncology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Pathology, Characteristic Medical Center of The Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - James G Herman
- The Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 2.18/Research, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Liming Hu
- Faculty of Environmental & Life Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Oncology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
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12
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Supruniuk K, Radziejewska I. MUC1 is an oncoprotein with a significant role in apoptosis (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:68. [PMID: 34278474 PMCID: PMC8360618 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a membrane-bound, highly glycosylated protein that is overexpressed in all stages of malignant transformation. Overexpression of MUC1 together with loss of polarization and hypoglycosylation are associated with resistance to apoptosis, which is the process that results in efficient removal of damaged cells. Inhibition of the apoptotic process is responsible for tumor development, tumor progression and drug resistance. MUC1 is considered as an oncogenic molecule that is involved in various signaling pathways responsible for the regulation of apoptosis. Based on this, the aim of the present study was to discuss the involvement of MUC1 in the divergent mechanisms regulating programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Supruniuk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, 15‑222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, 15‑222 Białystok, Poland
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13
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Gong B, Zhang J, Hua Z, Liu Z, Thiele CJ, Li Z. Downregulation of ATXN3 Enhances the Sensitivity to AKT Inhibitors (Perifosine or MK-2206), but Decreases the Sensitivity to Chemotherapeutic Drugs (Etoposide or Cisplatin) in Neuroblastoma Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:686898. [PMID: 34322387 PMCID: PMC8311598 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.686898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy resistance is the major cause of failure in neuroblastoma (NB) treatment. ATXN3 has been linked to various types of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases; however, its roles in NB have not been established. The aim of our study was to explore the role of ATXN3 in the cell death induced by AKT inhibitor (perifosine or MK-2206) or chemotherapy drugs (etoposide or cisplatin) in NB cells. Methods The expressions of ATXN3 and BCL-2 family members were detected by Western blot. Cell survival was evaluated by CCK8, cell confluence was measured by IncuCyte, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. AS and BE2 were treated with AKT inhibitors or chemotherapeutics, respectively. Results Downregulation of ATXN3 did not block, but significantly increased the perifosine/MK-2206-induced cell death. Among the BCL-2 family members, the expression of pro-apoptotic protein BIM and anti-proapoptotic protein Bcl-xl expression increased significantly when ATXN3 was down-regulated. Downregulation of BIM protected NB cells from the combination of perifosine/MK-2206 and ATXN3 downregulation. Downregulation of ATXN3 did not increase, but decrease the sensitivity of NB cells to etoposide/cisplatin, and knockdown of Bcl-xl attenuated this decrease in sensitivity. Conclusion Downregulation of ATXN3 enhanced AKT inhibitors (perifosine or MK-2206) induced cell death by BIM, but decreased the cell death induced by chemotherapeutic drugs (etoposide or cisplatin) via Bcl-xl. The expression of ATXN3 may be an indicator in selecting different treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocheng Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environment and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyan Hua
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environment and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environment and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Signaling Pathways That Control Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050937. [PMID: 33668112 PMCID: PMC7956765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy and the fifth leading cancer-caused death in men worldwide. Therapies that target the androgen receptor axis induce apoptosis in normal prostates and provide temporary relief for advanced disease, yet prostate cancer that acquired androgen independence (so called castration-resistant prostate cancer, CRPC) invariably progresses to lethal disease. There is accumulating evidence that androgen receptor signaling do not regulate apoptosis and proliferation in prostate epithelial cells in a cell-autonomous fashion. Instead, androgen receptor activation in stroma compartments induces expression of unknown paracrine factors that maintain homeostasis of the prostate epithelium. This paradigm calls for new studies to identify paracrine factors and signaling pathways that control the survival of normal epithelial cells and to determine which apoptosis regulatory molecules are targeted by these pathways. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the mechanism of apoptosis induced by androgen ablation in prostate epithelial cells with emphasis on the roles of BCL-2 family proteins and "druggable" signaling pathways that control these proteins. A summary of the clinical trials of inhibitors of anti-apoptotic signaling pathways is also provided. Evidently, better knowledge of the apoptosis regulation in prostate epithelial cells is needed to understand mechanisms of androgen-independence and implement life-extending therapies for CRPC.
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15
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Huang SB, Thapa D, Munoz AR, Hussain SS, Yang X, Bedolla RG, Osmulski P, Gaczynska ME, Lai Z, Chiu YC, Wang LJ, Chen Y, Rivas P, Shudde C, Reddick RL, Miyamoto H, Ghosh R, Kumar AP. Androgen deprivation-induced elevated nuclear SIRT1 promotes prostate tumor cell survival by reactivation of AR signaling. Cancer Lett 2021; 505:24-36. [PMID: 33617947 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis. However, the actual contribution is unclear as some reports propose a protective role while others suggest it is harmful. We provide evidence for a contextual role for SIRT1 in prostate cancer. Our data show that (i) mice orthotopically implanted with SIRT1-silenced LNCaP cells produced smaller tumors; (ii) SIRT1 suppression mimicked AR inhibitory effects in hormone responsive LNCaP cells; and (iii) caused significant reduction in gene signatures associated with E2F and MYC targets in AR-null PC-3 and E2F and mTORC1 signaling in castrate-resistant ARv7 positive 22Rv1 cells. Our findings further show increased nuclear SIRT1 (nSIRT1) protein under androgen-depleted relative to androgen-replete conditions in prostate cancer cell lines. Silencing SIRT1 resulted in decreased recruitment of AR to PSA enhancer selectively under androgen-deprivation conditions. Prostate cancer outcome data show that patients with higher levels of nSIRT1 progress to advanced disease relative to patients with low nSIRT1 levels. Collectively, we demonstrate that lowering SIRT1 levels potentially provides new avenues to effectively prevent prostate cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Bo Huang
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health, USA
| | - D Thapa
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health, USA
| | - A R Munoz
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health, USA
| | - S S Hussain
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health, USA
| | - X Yang
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health, USA
| | - R G Bedolla
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health, USA
| | - P Osmulski
- Department ofMolecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health, USA
| | - M E Gaczynska
- Department ofMolecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health, USA
| | - Z Lai
- Department ofMolecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health, USA; Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yu-Chiao Chiu
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Li-Ju Wang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Department ofEpidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Texas Health, USA; Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - P Rivas
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health, USA
| | - C Shudde
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health, USA
| | - R L Reddick
- Department ofPathology, The University of Texas Health, USA
| | - H Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - R Ghosh
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health, USA; Department ofMolecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health, USA; Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - A P Kumar
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health, USA; Department ofMolecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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16
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Luo KW, Zhu XH, Zhao T, Zhong J, Gao HC, Luo XL, Huang WR. EGCG Enhanced the Anti-tumor Effect of Doxorubicine in Bladder Cancer via NF-κB/MDM2/p53 Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:606123. [PMID: 33425912 PMCID: PMC7793730 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.606123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), the first-line chemotherapy for bladder cancer, usually induces side effects. We previously demonstrated that green tea polyphenol EGCG had potent anti-tumor effect in bladder cancer via down regulation of NF-κB. This study aimed to investigate the additive/synergistic effect EGCG and DOX against bladder cancer. Our results demonstrated that the combined use of DOX and EGCG inhibited T24 and SW780 cell proliferation. EGCG enhanced the apoptosis induction effect of DOX in both SW780 and T24 cells and resulted in significant differences. Besides, EGCG promoted the inhibitory effect of DOX against bladder cancer cell migration. In addition, the in vivo results demonstrated that DOX in combination with EGCG showed the most potent anti-tumor effects among DOX, EGCG and DOX+EGCG treatment groups. Further mechanistic studies determined that the combination of DOX and EGCG inhibited phosphorylated NF-κB and MDM2 expression, and up-regulated p53 expression in tumor, as assessed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Western blot in SW780 cells also confirmed that the combined use of EGCG and DOX caused significant increase in p53, p21, and cleaved-PARP expression, and induced significant inhibition in phosphorylated NF-κB and MDM2. When NF-κB was inhibited, the expression of p53 and p-MDM2 were changed, and the combination of DOX and EGCG showed no obvious effect in transwell migration and cell viability. In conclusion, the novel application of chemotherapy DOX and EGCG demonstrated potent anti-tumor, anti-migration and anti-proliferation effects against bladder cancer. EGCG enhanced the anti-tumor effect of DOX in bladder cancer via NF-κB/MDM2/p53 pathway, suggesting the potential clinical application against bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wang Luo
- Key Laboratory, People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Programming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory, People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory, People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- Key Laboratory, People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han-Chao Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Le Luo
- Key Laboratory, People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Ren Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Programming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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17
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Alhoshani A, Alatawi FO, Al-Anazi FE, Attafi IM, Zeidan A, Agouni A, El Gamal HM, Shamoon LS, Khalaf S, Korashy HM. BCL-2 Inhibitor Venetoclax Induces Autophagy-Associated Cell Death, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13357-13370. [PMID: 33414642 PMCID: PMC7783200 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s281519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Venetoclax (VCX) is a selective BCL-2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. However, the mechanisms of anti-cancer effect of VCX either as a monotherapy or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents against breast cancer need investigation. Methods Breast cancer cell lines with different molecular subtypes (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SKBR-3) were treated with different concentrations of VCX for indicated time points. The expression of cell proliferative, apoptotic, and autophagy genes was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. In addition, the percentage of MDA-MB-231 cells underwent apoptosis, expressed higher oxidative stress levels, and the changes in the cell cycle phases were determined by flow cytometry. Results Treatment of human breast cancer cells with increasing concentrations of VCX caused a significant decrease in cells growth and proliferation. This effect was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic MDA-MB-231 cells and in the expression of the apoptotic genes, caspase 3, caspase 7, and BAX, with inhibition of anti-apoptotic gene, BCL-2 levels. Induction of apoptosis by VCX treatment induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase with inhibition of cell proliferator genes, cyclin D1 and E2F1. Furthermore, VCX treatment increased the formation of reactive oxygen species and the expression level of autophagy markers, Beclin 1 and LC3-II. Importantly, these cellular changes by VCX increased the chemo-sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to doxorubicin. Discussion The present study explores the molecular mechanisms of VCX-mediated inhibitory effects on the growth and proliferation of TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells through the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy. The study also explores the role of BCL-2 as a novel targeted therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad O Alatawi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz E Al-Anazi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem M Attafi
- Poison Control & Medical Forensic Chemistry Center, Jazan Health Affairs, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Heba M El Gamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Licia S Shamoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah Khalaf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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18
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Sur S, Steele R, Shi X, Ray RB. miRNA-29b Inhibits Prostate Tumor Growth and Induces Apoptosis by Increasing Bim Expression. Cells 2019; 8:E1455. [PMID: 31752117 PMCID: PMC6912792 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men. Currently available therapies improve patient survival against local prostate cancer but have shown severe side effects. Advanced prostate cancer is still incurable. Studies have suggested the involvement of non-coding RNAs, especially micro-RNAs (miRNAs), in the regulation of multiple cellular events in cancer and thus several clinical trials are ongoing using miRNAs mimics or inhibitors. We previously demonstrated that miRNA-29b-3p (miR-29b) was downregulated in prostate cancer and that the overexpression of miR-29b limited prostate cancer metastasis. However, the therapeutic potential of the miR-29b against prostate cancer remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic role of miR-29b in in vivo prostate tumors in a mouse model. Intratumoral injection of mimic miR-29b significantly inhibited prostate cancer xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Subsequent study demonstrated that the overexpression of miR-29b reduced prostate cancer cell PC3 proliferation in a time dependent manner and induced cell death. Mechanistic study using a cancer pathway specific transcriptomic array revealed a significant overexpression of the pro-apoptotic gene BCL2L11 (Bim) in the miR-29b overexpressed PC3 cells, which was further verified in PC3 cells overexpressing miR-29b. We also observed a significant induction of Bim protein in miR-29b treated xenograft tumors. The induction of cytosolic accumulation of cytochrome C and PARP cleavage in miR-29b overexpressed PC3 cells was observed. Thus, our results suggest that miR-29b can be used as a potential molecule for prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ratna B. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (S.S.); (R.S.); (X.S.)
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19
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Delgado-Carreño C, Méndez-Callejas G. Topological properties and in vitro identification of essential nodes of the Paclitaxel and Vincristine interactomes in PC-3 cells. Biomed J 2019; 42:307-316. [PMID: 31783991 PMCID: PMC6888721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) disrupt microtubule dynamics, thereby inducing apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway activation through the modulation in the expression of the Bcl-2 family. Methods To describe topological features of the MTAs networks associated to intrinsic apoptosis induction in p53-null prostate cancer cells, we predicted and compared the interactomes and topological properties of Paclitaxel and Vincristine, and thus, the essential nodes corresponding with the pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and their kinetics were subjected to experimental analysis in PC-3 cell line. Results The essential nodes of the apoptotic pathways, TP53, and CASP3, were identified in both, Paclitaxel and Vincristine networks, but the intrinsic pathway markers BCL2, BAX, and BCL2L1 were identified as hub nodes only in the Paclitaxel network. An in vitro analysis demonstrated an increase in BimEL and the cleaved-caspase-3 proteins in PC-3 cells exposed to both treatments. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that treatments induced the releasing of Bax from the anti-apoptotic complex with Bcl-2 protein and the role of BimEL as a de-repressor from sequestering complexes, in addition, new protein complexes were identified between BimEL or Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3, contributing data to the Vincristine network for p53-null cells in response to MTAs. Conclusion The differences in sensitivities, protein profiles, and protein complex kinetics observed between the drugs confirmed that the selectivity and stimulation of the apoptotic system vary depending on the cell's genotype, the drug used and its exposure period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Delgado-Carreño
- Group of Biomedical Research and Applied Human Genetics, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, U.D.C.A, Bogota, Colombia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Javeriana University, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Gina Méndez-Callejas
- Group of Biomedical Research and Applied Human Genetics, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, U.D.C.A, Bogota, Colombia.
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20
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Ho CJ, Lin RW, Zhu WH, Wen TK, Hu CJ, Lee YL, Hung TI, Wang C. Transcription-independent and -dependent p53-mediated apoptosis in response to genotoxic and non-genotoxic stress. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:131. [PMID: 31482012 PMCID: PMC6711993 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that p53-mediated apoptosis is determined by severity of DNA damage, not by the level of p53, in doxorubicin-treated prostate cancer cells. In addition to doxorubicin, our results here indicated that camptothecin and bortezomib, which are a topoisomerase 1 poison and a 26 S proteasome inhibitor, respectively, could also induce apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner in prostate cancer. Then, we examined whether p53-mediated apoptosis induced by genotoxic and non-genotoxic stress occur in the same or a different way. By using dominant negative p53 to compete with wild-type p53 in transcription activity, we demonstrated that p53-mediated apoptosis in response to doxorubicin- or camptothecin-induced genotoxic stress is transcription-independent. In contrast, p53-mediated apoptosis from bortezomib-induced stress is transcription-dependent. Interestingly, we also found that doxorubicin-induced p21 expression is activated by p53 in transcription-dependent manner, while camptothecin-induced p21 expression is p53-independent. We then investigated the p53 ratio of nucleus to cytosol corresponding to low and high dose doxorubicin, camptothecin, or bortezomib treatment. The results suggested that p53 translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus actively drives cells toward apoptosis in either transcription-dependent or -independent manner for responding to non-genotoxic or genotoxic stress, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jung Ho
- 1Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 80708 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Wei Lin
- 2Graduate Institute of Food Safety Management, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 91201 Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hua Zhu
- 3Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Kai Wen
- 4School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 97004 Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ju Hu
- 3Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Lee
- 3Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-I Hung
- 3Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chihuei Wang
- 3Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,5Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 80708 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Argüelles S, Guerrero-Castilla A, Cano M, Muñoz MF, Ayala A. Advantages and disadvantages of apoptosis in the aging process. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1443:20-33. [PMID: 30839127 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Researchers cannot predict as yet how long a human being can live. Life expectancy has been steadily increasing in the last century, but perhaps not always the quality of life in parallel with it. Future generations will be faced with the problems of an increased life expectancy along with the emergence of new age-related diseases. A deeper understanding of the aging process is crucial to ameliorate, if not to prevent, these projected new old-age diseases. One of the mechanisms responsible for healthy aging is through the effective maintenance of physiological, biochemical, and immunological functions. To carry this out, the organism needs to create new cells to replace old ones and to induce the disappearance of old and damaged cells. Apoptosis is involved in all these processes. However, if apoptosis is dysregulated, premature senescence-associated diseases are likely to appear. In our review, the focus will be on a better understanding of the role of apoptosis in the aging process. These signaling pathways will most assuredly be pharmacologically targeted in antiaging medicine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Argüelles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Cano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Mario F Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Ayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Epigenetic silencing of TMEM176A activates ERK signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:137. [PMID: 30400968 PMCID: PMC6219251 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of TMEM176A in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. This study explored the epigenetic regulation and function of TMEM176A in human HCC. Materials and methods Twelve HCC cell lines and 126 cases of primary cancer were analyzed. Methylation-specific PCR, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and xenograft mouse models were employed. Results TMEM176A was highly expressed in SNU387, SNU182, Huh1, and SNU475 cells; reduced expression was observed in HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 cells; and no expression was found in SNU449, HBXF344, SMMC7721, Huh7, and LM3 cells. Unmethylation of the TMEM176A promoter was detected in SNU387, SNU182, Huh1, and SNU475 cells; partial methylation was observed in HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 cells; and complete methylation was found in SNU449, HBXF344, SMMC7721, Huh7, and LM3 cells. Upon treatment with 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine, re-expression of TMEM176A was detected in SNU449, HBXF344, SMMC7721, Huh7, and LM3 cells; increased expression of TMEM176A was observed in HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 cells; and no expression changes were found in SNU387, SNU182, Huh1, and SNU475 cells. The TMEM176A promoter region was methylated in 75.4% (95/126) of primary human HCC. Reduced expression of TMEM176A was associated with promoter region methylation (P < 0.05). No association was found between TMEM176A promoter methylation and age, gender, HBV infection, liver cirrhosis, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, vessel cancerous embolus, number of lesions, and TNM stage (all P > 0.05). These results demonstrated that the expression of TMEM176A is regulated by promoter region methylation. Methylation of the TMEM176A promoter was significantly associated with tumor cell differentiation (P < 0.05) and was an independent prognostic factor for poor 3-year overall survival (OS, P < 0.05). TMEM176A expression induced cell apoptosis; inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; suppressed human HCC cell xenograft growth in mice; and inhibited ERK signaling in HCC cells. Conclusion The promoter region of TMEM176A is frequently methylated in human HCC, and the expression of TMEM176A is regulated by promoter region methylation. Methylation of the TMEM176A promoter may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in HCC. TMEM176A suppresses HCC growth by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway.
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Lin RW, Ho CJ, Chen HW, Pao YH, Chen LE, Yang MC, Huang SB, Wang S, Chen CH, Wang C. P53 enhances apoptosis induced by doxorubicin only under conditions of severe DNA damage. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2175-2186. [PMID: 30198376 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1520565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Bim is the main BH3-only protein replacing Bak/Bax from Bcl-xl to activate apoptosis in a p53-independent manner in response to doxorubicin in prostate cancer. However, the comparison of doxorubicin treatment between LNCaP cells carrying p53-wild type and PC3 cells carrying p53-null suggested that p53 might be essential for maximizing apoptosis. Inhibition of ATM did not affect doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of p53 did not affect ABT-263-induced apoptosis and nevertheless, the combination of doxorubicin with ABT-263 induced higher apoptotic responses than did doxorubicin or ABT-263 alone. These results advocated that doxorubicin-induced DNA damage controls p53 function for intensifying apoptosis. Indeed, overexpression of p53 only enhanced apoptosis under conditions of severe DNA damage induced by high concentrations of doxorubicin in LNCaP cells. Immunofluorescence staining showed vague γH2AX foci and enlarged nuclei in LNCaP cells in response to high concentrations of doxorubicin, en route to apoptosis. In addition, our results revealed that the apoptosis in response to DNA replication stress induced by CFS-1686, a catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerase, is p53-independent. Interestingly, the combination of doxorubicin with CFS-1686 generated DNA damage and replication stress simultaneously, resulting in a synergistic apoptotic effect in prostate cancer cells. Thus, we concluded that p53 is a sensor for enhanced apoptosis in response to DNA damage stress, not DNA replication stress, at least in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Wei Lin
- a Graduate Institute of Food Safety Management , National Pingtung University of Science and Technology , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jung Ho
- b Department of Orthopedics , Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wen Chen
- c Department of Biotechnology , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Pao
- c Department of Biotechnology , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Li-En Chen
- c Department of Biotechnology , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Min-Chi Yang
- c Department of Biotechnology , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Bo Huang
- c Department of Biotechnology , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | | | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- b Department of Orthopedics , Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,e Department of Orthopedics , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chihuei Wang
- c Department of Biotechnology , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,f Department of Medical Research , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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24
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Xia J, Bai H, Yan B, Li R, Shao M, Xiong L, Han B. Mimicking the BIM BH3 domain overcomes resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108522-108533. [PMID: 29312548 PMCID: PMC5752461 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) are widely applied to treat EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). BIM is a BH3 domain-containing protein encoded by BCL2L11. Some EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients showing BIM deletion polymorphism are resistant to EGFR TKIs. We retrospectively investigated BIM deletion polymorphism in NSCLC patients, its correlation with EGFR TKI (erlotinib) resistance, and the mechanism underlying the drug resistance. Among 245 EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients examined, BIM deletion polymorphism was detected in 43 (12.24%). Median progression-free and overall survival was markedly shorter in patients with BIM deletion polymorphism than with BIM wide-type. Moreover, NSCLC cells expressing EGFR-mutant harboring BIM polymorphism were more resistant to erlotinib-induced apoptosis than BIM wide-type cells. However, combined use of erlotinib and the BH3-mimetic ABT-737 up-regulated BIM expression and overcame erlotinib resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells harboring BIM deletion polymorphism. In vivo, erlotinib suppressed growth of BIM wide-type NSCLC cell xenographs by inducing apoptosis. Combined with ABT-737, erlotinib also suppressed NSCLC xenographs expressing EGFR-mutant harboring BIM deletion polymorphism. These results indicate that BIM polymorphism is closely related to a poor clinical response to EGFR TKIs in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients, and that the BH3-mimetic ABT-737 restores BIM functionality and EGFR-TKI sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Xia
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Minhua Shao
- Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Liwen Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
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25
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Shafiei-Roudbari SK, Malekinejad H, Janbaz-Aciabar H, Razi M. Crosstalk between E2F1 and P53 transcription factors in doxorubicin-induced DNA damage: evidence for preventive/protective effects of silymarin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:1116-1124. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To study the effects of silymarin in various forms of applications on the molecular mechanism(s) of doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity in male rats.
Methods
Following DOX administration with or without SMN in male rats, sperm quality assays were conducted. Moreover, total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide content of testis were determined. Expression profile of p53 and E2F1 was analysed by PCR technique. Ultimately, the rate of DNA fragmentation in the testes was quantitatively measured.
Key findings
P53 and E2F1 expression in DOX-received animals at mRNA level showed a revers profile of an up- and down-regulation, respectively. Administration of SMN in preventive and protective forms resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in DOX-induced sperm abnormalities, DNA fragmentation, nitric oxide concentration and a marked increase in total antioxidant power, rate of sperm motility and viability. SMN lowered the DOX-up-regulated expression of p53 at mRNA level.
Conclusions
DOX-induced testicular toxicity was characterized by lowering sperm quality values, induction of oxidative and nitrosative stress and DNA fragmentation. Preventive and protective effects of SMN on DOX-induced testicular toxicity may attribute to its antioxidant property. DOX-induced testicular damages and SMN preventive/protective effects might be mediated via up- and down-regulation of p53 and E2F1 transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamed Janbaz-Aciabar
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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26
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Iyoda T, Nagamine Y, Nakane Y, Tokita Y, Akari S, Otsuka K, Fujita M, Itagaki K, Takizawa YI, Orita H, Owaki T, Taira J, Hayashi R, Kodama H, Fukai F. Coadministration of the FNIII14 Peptide Synergistically Augments the Anti-Cancer Activity of Chemotherapeutic Drugs by Activating Pro-Apoptotic Bim. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162525. [PMID: 27622612 PMCID: PMC5021278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of drug resistance mediated by the interaction of tumor cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM), commonly referred to as cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR), has been observed not only in hematopoietic tumor cells but also in solid tumor cells. We have previously demonstrated that a 22-mer peptide derived from fibronectin, FNIII14, can inhibit cell adhesion through the inactivation of β1 integrin; when coadministered with cytarabine, FNIII14 completely eradicates acute myelogenous leukemia by suppressing CAM-DR. In this study, we show that our FNIII14 peptide also enhances chemotherapy efficacy in solid tumors. Coadministration of FNIII14 synergistically enhances the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and aclarubicin in mammary tumor and melanoma cells, respectively. The solid tumor cell chemosensitization induced by FNIII14 is dependent upon the upregulation and activation of the pro-apoptotic protein, Bim. Furthermore, the metastasis of tumor cells derived from ventrally transplanted mammary tumor grafts is suppressed by the coadministration of FNIII14 and doxorubicin. These results suggest that the coadministration of our FNIII14 peptide with chemotherapy could achieve efficient solid tumor eradication by increasing chemosensitivity and decreasing metastasis. The major causes of tumor recurrence are the existence of chemotherapy-resistant primary tumor cells and the establishment of secondary metastatic lesions. As such, coadministering FNIII14 with anti-cancer drugs could provide a promising new approach to improve the prognosis of patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Iyoda
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Research Institutes for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yumi Nagamine
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitomi Nakane
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuya Tokita
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shougo Akari
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Otsuka
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motomichi Fujita
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Itagaki
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - You-Ichi Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Orita
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Owaki
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jyunichi Taira
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Saga, Japan
| | - Ryo Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kodama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Saga, Japan
| | - Fumio Fukai
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Research Institutes for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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