1
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Foster BM, Wang Z, Schmidt CK. DoUBLing up: ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteases in genome stability. Biochem J 2024; 481:515-545. [PMID: 38572758 PMCID: PMC11088880 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining stability of the genome requires dedicated DNA repair and signalling processes that are essential for the faithful duplication and propagation of chromosomes. These DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms counteract the potentially mutagenic impact of daily genotoxic stresses from both exogenous and endogenous sources. Inherent to these DNA repair pathways is the activity of protein factors that instigate repair processes in response to DNA lesions. The regulation, coordination, and orchestration of these DDR factors is carried out, in a large part, by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, and modification with ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs). The importance of ubiquitylation and UBLylation with SUMO in DNA repair is well established, with the modified targets and downstream signalling consequences relatively well characterised. However, the role of dedicated erasers for ubiquitin and UBLs, known as deubiquitylases (DUBs) and ubiquitin-like proteases (ULPs) respectively, in genome stability is less well established, particularly for emerging UBLs such as ISG15 and UFM1. In this review, we provide an overview of the known regulatory roles and mechanisms of DUBs and ULPs involved in genome stability pathways. Expanding our understanding of the molecular agents and mechanisms underlying the removal of ubiquitin and UBL modifications will be fundamental for progressing our knowledge of the DDR and likely provide new therapeutic avenues for relevant human diseases, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Foster
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre (MCRC), Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, U.K
| | - Zijuan Wang
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre (MCRC), Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, U.K
| | - Christine K. Schmidt
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre (MCRC), Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, U.K
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2
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Barroso-Gomila O, Merino-Cacho L, Muratore V, Perez C, Taibi V, Maspero E, Azkargorta M, Iloro I, Trulsson F, Vertegaal ACO, Mayor U, Elortza F, Polo S, Barrio R, Sutherland JD. BioE3 identifies specific substrates of ubiquitin E3 ligases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7656. [PMID: 37996419 PMCID: PMC10667490 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of E3 ligases play a critical role in recognizing specific substrates for modification by ubiquitin (Ub). Separating genuine targets of E3s from E3-interactors remains a challenge. We present BioE3, a powerful approach for matching substrates to Ub E3 ligases of interest. Using BirA-E3 ligase fusions and bioUb, site-specific biotinylation of Ub-modified substrates of particular E3s facilitates proteomic identification. We show that BioE3 identifies both known and new targets of two RING-type E3 ligases: RNF4 (DNA damage response, PML bodies), and MIB1 (endocytosis, autophagy, centrosome dynamics). Versatile BioE3 identifies targets of an organelle-specific E3 (MARCH5) and a relatively uncharacterized E3 (RNF214). Furthermore, BioE3 works with NEDD4, a HECT-type E3, identifying new targets linked to vesicular trafficking. BioE3 detects altered specificity in response to chemicals, opening avenues for targeted protein degradation, and may be applicable for other Ub-likes (UbLs, e.g., SUMO) and E3 types. BioE3 applications shed light on cellular regulation by the complex UbL network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhi Barroso-Gomila
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Laura Merino-Cacho
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Veronica Muratore
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Coralia Perez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Taibi
- IFOM ETS, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Maspero
- IFOM ETS, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Iloro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fredrik Trulsson
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ugo Mayor
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Felix Elortza
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simona Polo
- IFOM ETS, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di oncologia ed emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain.
| | - James D Sutherland
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain.
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3
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van den Berg SJW, East S, Mitra S, Jansen LET. p97/VCP drives turnover of SUMOylated centromeric CCAN proteins and CENP-A. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:br6. [PMID: 36989032 PMCID: PMC10162411 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-01-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The centromere is a unique chromatin domain that links sister chromatids and forms the attachment site for spindle microtubules in mitosis. Centromere inheritance is largely DNA sequence-independent but strongly reliant on a self-propagating chromatin domain featuring nucleosomes containing the H3 variant CENP-A. Unlike other histones, CENP-A is maintained with unusually high stability in chromatin. Previously, we have shown that mitotic maintenance of CENP-A and other constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN) proteins is controlled by a dynamic SUMO cycle and that the deSUMOylase SENP6 is necessary for stable maintenance of CENP-A at the centromere. Here, we discover that the removal of SENP6 leads to a rapid loss of the CCAN, followed by a delayed loss of centromeric CENP-A, indicating that the CCAN is the primary SUMO target. We found that the ATP-dependent segregase p97/VCP removes centromeric CENP-A in a SUMO-dependent manner and interacts physically with the CCAN and CENP-A chromatin. Our data suggest a direct role of p97 in removing centromeric CENP-A via SUMOylated CCAN proteins, thereby ensuring centromere homeostasis and potentially preventing ectopic CENP-A accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan J. W. van den Berg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Samuel East
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Sreyoshi Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Lars E. T. Jansen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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4
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Wang W, Lu J, Yang WC, Spear ED, Michaelis S, Matunis MJ. Analysis of a degron-containing reporter protein GFP-CL1 reveals a role for SUMO1 in cytosolic protein quality control. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102851. [PMID: 36587767 PMCID: PMC9898758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolded proteins are recognized and degraded through protein quality control (PQC) pathways, which are essential for maintaining proteostasis and normal cellular functions. Defects in PQC can result in disease, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. The small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMOs) were previously implicated in the degradation of nuclear misfolded proteins, but their functions in cytoplasmic PQC are unclear. Here, in a systematic screen of SUMO protein mutations in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we identified a mutant allele (Smt3-K38A/K40A) that sensitizes cells to proteotoxic stress induced by amino acid analogs. Smt3-K38A/K40A mutant strains also exhibited a defect in the turnover of a soluble PQC model substrate containing the CL1 degron (NES-GFP-Ura3-CL1) localized in the cytoplasm, but not the nucleus. Using human U2OS SUMO1- and SUMO2-KO cell lines, we observed a similar SUMO-dependent pathway for degradation of the mammalian degron-containing PQC reporter protein, GFP-CL1, also only in the cytoplasm but not the nucleus. Moreover, we found that turnover of GFP-CL1 in the cytoplasm was uniquely dependent on SUMO1 but not the SUMO2 paralogue. Additionally, we showed that turnover of GFP-CL1 in the cytoplasm is dependent on the AAA-ATPase, Cdc48/p97. Cellular fractionation studies and analysis of a SUMO1-GFP-CL1 fusion protein revealed that SUMO1 promotes cytoplasmic misfolded protein degradation by maintaining substrate solubility. Collectively, our findings reveal a conserved and previously unrecognized role for SUMO1 in regulating cytoplasmic PQC and provide valuable insights into the roles of sumoylation in PQC-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei-Chih Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric D Spear
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Matunis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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5
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Son SH, Kim MY, Lim YS, Jin HC, Shin JH, Yi JK, Choi S, Park MA, Chae JH, Kang HC, Lee YJ, Uversky VN, Kim CG. SUMOylation-mediated PSME3-20 S proteasomal degradation of transcription factor CP2c is crucial for cell cycle progression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd4969. [PMID: 36706181 PMCID: PMC9882985 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor CP2c (also known as TFCP2, α-CP2, LSF, and LBP-1c) is involved in diverse ubiquitous and tissue/stage-specific cellular processes and in human malignancies such as cancer. Despite its importance, many fundamental regulatory mechanisms of CP2c are still unclear. Here, we uncover an unprecedented mechanism of CP2c degradation via a previously unidentified SUMO1/PSME3/20S proteasome pathway and its biological meaning. CP2c is SUMOylated in a SUMO1-dependent way, and SUMOylated CP2c is degraded through the ubiquitin-independent PSME3 (also known as REGγ or PA28)/20S proteasome system. SUMOylated PSME3 could also interact with CP2c to degrade CP2c via the 20S proteasomal pathway. Moreover, precisely timed degradation of CP2c via the SUMO1/PSME3/20S proteasome axis is required for accurate progression of the cell cycle. Therefore, we reveal a unique SUMO1-mediated uncanonical 20S proteasome degradation mechanism via the SUMO1/PSME3 axis involving mutual SUMO-SIM interaction of CP2c and PSME3, providing previously unidentified mechanistic insights into the roles of dynamic degradation of CP2c in cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Young Su Lim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hyeon Cheol Jin
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - June Ho Shin
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jae Kyu Yi
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Choi
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Mi Ae Park
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chae
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ho Chul Kang
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- CGK Biopharma Co. Ltd., Seoul 04763, Korea
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6
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Huang CS, Terng HJ, Hwang YT. Gene-Function-Based Clusters Explore Intricate Networks of Gene Expression of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010145. [PMID: 36672653 PMCID: PMC9855519 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease characterized by dynamically deregulated gene expression and crosstalk between signaling pathways. In this study, a new approach based on gene-function-based clusters was introduced to explore the CRC-associated networks of gene expression. Each cluster contained genes involved in coordinated regulatory activity, such as RAS signaling, the cell cycle process, transcription, or translation. A retrospective case-control study was conducted with the inclusion of 119 patients with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer and 308 controls. The quantitative expression data of 15 genes were obtained from the peripheral blood samples of all participants to investigate cluster-gene and gene-gene interactions. DUSP6, MDM2, and EIF2S3 were consistently selected as CRC-associated factors with high significance in all logistic models. CPEB4 became an insignificant factor only when combined with the clusters for cell cycle processes and for transcription. The CPEB4/DUSP6 complex was a prerequisite for the significance of MMD, whereas EXT2, RNF4, ZNF264, WEE1, and MCM4 were affected by more than two clusters. Intricate networks among MMD, RAS signaling factors (DUSP6, GRB2, and NF1), and translation factors (EIF2S3, CPEB4, and EXT2) were also revealed. Our results suggest that limited G1/S transition, uncontrolled DNA replication, and the cap-independent initiation of translation may be dominant and concurrent scenarios in circulating tumor cells derived from colorectal cancer. This gene-function-based cluster approach is simple and useful for revealing intricate CRC-associated gene expression networks. These findings may provide clues to the metastatic mechanisms of circulating tumor cells in patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Shuan Huang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Ting Hwang
- Department of Statistics, National Taipei University, New Taipei City 22102, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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7
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Zhang T, Yang H, Zhou Z, Bai Y, Wang J, Wang W. Crosstalk between SUMOylation and ubiquitylation controls DNA end resection by maintaining MRE11 homeostasis on chromatin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5133. [PMID: 36050397 PMCID: PMC9436968 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA end resection is delicately regulated through various types of post-translational modifications to initiate homologous recombination, but the involvement of SUMOylation in this process remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that MRE11 requires SUMOylation to shield it from ubiquitin-mediated degradation when resecting damaged chromatin. Upon DSB induction, PIAS1 promotes MRE11 SUMOylation on chromatin to initiate DNA end resection. Then, MRE11 is deSUMOylated by SENP3 mainly after it has moved away from DSB sites. SENP3 deficiency results in MRE11 degradation failure and accumulation on chromatin, causing genome instability. We further show that cancer-related MRE11 mutants with impaired SUMOylation exhibit compromised DNA repair ability. Thus, we demonstrate that MRE11 SUMOylation in coordination with ubiquitylation is dynamically controlled by PIAS1 and SENP3 to facilitate DNA end resection and maintain genome stability. DNA end resection initiating DNA repair by homologous recombination needs to be delicately regulated. This study shows the interplay between SUMOylation and ubiquitylation maintains MRE11 homeostasis on chromatin, thus facilitating genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zenan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yongtai Bai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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8
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RNF4 promotes tumorigenesis, therapy resistance of cholangiocarcinoma and affects cell cycle by regulating the ubiquitination degradation of p27kip1 in the nucleus. Exp Cell Res 2022; 419:113295. [PMID: 35926659 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Among the hallmarks of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) progression and unresponsiveness to therapy is impaired ubiquitin-dependent degradation of nuclear tumor suppressor protein. In the previous stage, our research group found that as a key tumor suppressor, nuclear dysfunction of p27kip1 is closely related to chemotherapy resistance of CCA, but the specific mechanism is unclear. It was recently shown that p27kip1-driven tumors were strongly dependent on the SUMO pathway. RNF4, as the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL), identifies SUMOylated proteins as a substrate through sumo-interacting motifs (SIM) and causes its degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Here we described that the expression of RNF4 was upregulated in CCA tissues and related to malignant features. Silencing RNF4 arrested human CCA cells at the G1 phase, which was associated with the upregulation of p27kip1 and the downregulation of its downstream cycle-related proteins. Silencing RNF4 inhibited cell proliferation and migration, increased cell apoptosis, and sensitized CCA cells to treatment of chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro. Immunofluorescence showed that p27kip1 and RNF4 were mainly co-located in the nucleus. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot showed that p27kip1 was a target protein for SUMOylation and high expression of RNF4 decreased the levels of nuclear p27kip1, enhanced the levels of ubiquitinated and SUMOylated p27kip1, indicating that RNF4 could regulate cell cycle progression via recognizing SUMOylated p27kip1 and facilitating its ubiquitination degradation. These data indicate that RNF4-mediated ubiquitination degradation of SUMOylated proteins is a novel regulatory mechanism of p27kip1 dysfunction and CCA tumorigenesis, which provides a potential option for therapeutic intervention of CCA.
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9
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Sun Y, Nitiss JL, Pommier Y. SUMO: A Swiss Army Knife for Eukaryotic Topoisomerases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:871161. [PMID: 35463961 PMCID: PMC9019546 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.871161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerases play crucial roles in DNA metabolism that include replication, transcription, recombination, and chromatin structure by manipulating DNA structures arising in double-stranded DNA. These proteins play key enzymatic roles in a variety of cellular processes and are also likely to play structural roles. Topoisomerases allow topological transformations by introducing transient breaks in DNA by a transesterification reaction between a tyrosine residue of the enzyme and DNA. The cleavage reaction leads to a unique enzyme intermediate that allows cutting DNA while minimizing the potential for damage-induced genetic changes. Nonetheless, topoisomerase-mediated cleavage has the potential for inducing genome instability if the enzyme-mediated DNA resealing is impaired. Regulation of topoisomerase functions is accomplished by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, polyADP-ribosylation, ubiquitylation, and SUMOylation. These modifications modulate enzyme activity and likely play key roles in determining sites of enzyme action and enzyme stability. Topoisomerase-mediated DNA cleavage and rejoining are affected by a variety of conditions including the action of small molecules, topoisomerase mutations, and DNA structural forms which permit the conversion of the short-lived cleavage intermediate to persistent topoisomerase DNA-protein crosslink (TOP-DPC). Recognition and processing of TOP-DPCs utilizes many of the same post-translational modifications that regulate enzyme activity. This review focuses on SUMOylation of topoisomerases, which has been demonstrated to be a key modification of both type I and type II topoisomerases. Special emphasis is placed on recent studies that indicate how SUMOylation regulates topoisomerase function in unperturbed cells and the unique roles that SUMOylation plays in repairing damage arising from topoisomerase malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Sun
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John L. Nitiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL, United States
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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10
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Ma X, Wang C, Zhou B, Cheng Z, Mao Z, Tang TS, Guo C. DNA polymerase η promotes nonhomologous end joining upon etoposide exposure dependent on the scaffolding protein Kap1. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101861. [PMID: 35339488 PMCID: PMC9046958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase eta (Pol η) is a eukaryotic member of the Y-family of DNA polymerase involved in translesion DNA synthesis and genome mutagenesis. Recently, several translesion DNA synthesis polymerases have been found to function in repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, the role of Pol η in promoting DSB repair remains to be well defined. Here, we demonstrated that Pol η could be targeted to etoposide (ETO)-induced DSBs and that depletion of Pol η in cells causes increased sensitivity to ETO. Intriguingly, depletion of Pol η also led to a nonhomologous end joining repair defect in a catalytic activity–independent manner. We further identified the scaffold protein Kap1 as a novel interacting partner of Pol η, the depletion of which resulted in impaired formation of Pol η and Rad18 foci after ETO treatment. Additionally, overexpression of Kap1 failed to restore Pol η focus formation in Rad18-deficient cells after ETO treatment. Interestingly, we also found that Kap1 bound to Rad18 in a Pol η-dependent manner, and moreover, depletion of Kap1 led to a significant reduction in Rad18–Pol η association, indicating that Kap1 forms a ternary complex with Rad18 and Pol η to stabilize Rad18–Pol η association. Our findings demonstrate that Kap1 could regulate the role of Pol η in ETO-induced DSB repair via facilitating Rad18 recruitment and stabilizing Rad18–Pol η association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Ma
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Zina Cheng
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Caixia Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
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11
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Swift ML, Azizkhan-Clifford J. DNA damage-induced sumoylation of Sp1 induces its interaction with RNF4 and degradation in S phase to remove 53BP1 from DSBs and permit HR. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 111:103289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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VCP maintains nuclear size by regulating the DNA damage-associated MDC1-p53-autophagy axis in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4258. [PMID: 34253734 PMCID: PMC8275807 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of constant karyoplasmic ratios suggests that nuclear size has physiological significance. Nuclear size anomalies have been linked to malignant transformation, although the mechanism remains unclear. By expressing dominant-negative TER94 mutants in Drosophila photoreceptors, here we show disruption of VCP (valosin-containing protein, human TER94 ortholog), a ubiquitin-dependent segregase, causes progressive nuclear size increase. Loss of VCP function leads to accumulations of MDC1 (mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1), connecting DNA damage or associated responses to enlarged nuclei. TER94 can interact with MDC1 and decreases MDC1 levels, suggesting that MDC1 is a VCP substrate. Our evidence indicates that MDC1 accumulation stabilizes p53A, leading to TER94K2A-associated nuclear size increase. Together with a previous report that p53A disrupts autophagic flux, we propose that the stabilization of p53A in TER94K2A-expressing cells likely hinders the removal of nuclear content, resulting in aberrant nuclear size increase. Cells maintain a constant cytoplasm to nucleus volume ratio, although the role of DNA damage is not well explored. Here, the authors use Drosophila to connect TER94, the fly homolog of VCP, to disruption of DNA damage repair, leading to ubiquitinated Mu2 protein accumulation and enlarged nuclei.
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13
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Jia C, Wang Q, Yao X, Yang J. The Role of DNA Damage Induced by Low/High Dose Ionizing Radiation in Cell Carcinogenesis. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2021; 000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2021.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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14
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Kilgas S, Singh AN, Paillas S, Then CK, Torrecilla I, Nicholson J, Browning L, Vendrell I, Konietzny R, Kessler BM, Kiltie AE, Ramadan K. p97/VCP inhibition causes excessive MRE11-dependent DNA end resection promoting cell killing after ionizing radiation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109153. [PMID: 34038735 PMCID: PMC8170441 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATPase p97 is a central component of the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system. p97 uses its ATPase activity and co-factors to extract ubiquitinated substrates from different cellular locations, including DNA lesions, thereby regulating DNA repair pathway choice. Here, we find that p97 physically and functionally interacts with the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex on chromatin and that inactivation of p97 blocks the disassembly of the MRN complex from the sites of DNA damage upon ionizing radiation (IR). The inhibition of p97 function results in excessive 5'-DNA end resection mediated by MRE11 that leads to defective DNA repair and radiosensitivity. In addition, p97 inhibition by the specific small-molecule inhibitor CB-5083 increases tumor cell killing following IR both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, this is mediated via increased MRE11 nuclease accumulation. This suggests that p97 inhibitors might be exploited to improve outcomes for radiotherapy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kilgas
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Abhay Narayan Singh
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Salome Paillas
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Chee-Kin Then
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Ignacio Torrecilla
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Judith Nicholson
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Lisa Browning
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Iolanda Vendrell
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Rebecca Konietzny
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Anne E Kiltie
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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15
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Chang YC, Oram MK, Bielinsky AK. SUMO-Targeted Ubiquitin Ligases and Their Functions in Maintaining Genome Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105391. [PMID: 34065507 PMCID: PMC8161396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-targeted E3 ubiquitin ligases (STUbLs) are specialized enzymes that recognize SUMOylated proteins and attach ubiquitin to them. They therefore connect the cellular SUMOylation and ubiquitination circuits. STUbLs participate in diverse molecular processes that span cell cycle regulated events, including DNA repair, replication, mitosis, and transcription. They operate during unperturbed conditions and in response to challenges, such as genotoxic stress. These E3 ubiquitin ligases modify their target substrates by catalyzing ubiquitin chains that form different linkages, resulting in proteolytic or non-proteolytic outcomes. Often, STUbLs function in compartmentalized environments, such as the nuclear envelope or kinetochore, and actively aid in nuclear relocalization of damaged DNA and stalled replication forks to promote DNA repair or fork restart. Furthermore, STUbLs reside in the same vicinity as SUMO proteases and deubiquitinases (DUBs), providing spatiotemporal control of their targets. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which STUbLs help to maintain genome stability across different species.
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16
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Zhu C, Rogers A, Asleh K, Won J, Gao D, Leung S, Li S, Vij KR, Zhu J, Held JM, You Z, Nielsen TO, Shao J. Phospho-Ser 784-VCP Is Required for DNA Damage Response and Is Associated with Poor Prognosis of Chemotherapy-Treated Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107745. [PMID: 32521270 PMCID: PMC7282751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal protein reorganization at DNA damage sites induced by genotoxic chemotherapies is crucial for DNA damage response (DDR), which influences treatment response by directing cancer cell fate. This process is orchestrated by valosin-containing protein (VCP), an AAA+ ATPase that extracts polyubiquinated chromatin proteins and facilitates their turnover. However, because of the essential and pleiotropic effects of VCP in global proteostasis, it remains challenging practically to understand and target its DDR-specific functions. We describe a DNA-damage-induced phosphorylation event (Ser784), which selectively enhances chromatin-associated protein degradation mediated by VCP and is required for DNA repair, signaling, and cell survival. These functional effects of Ser784 phosphorylation on DDR correlate with a decrease in VCP association with chromatin, cofactors NPL4/UFD1, and polyubiquitinated substrates. Clinically, high phospho-Ser784-VCP levels are significantly associated with poor outcome among chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients. Thus, Ser784 phosphorylation is a DDR-specific enhancer of VCP function and a potential predictive biomarker for chemotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuige Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anna Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karama Asleh
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Jennifer Won
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Dongxia Gao
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Samuel Leung
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kiran R Vij
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jason M Held
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhongsheng You
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Jieya Shao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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17
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RepID-deficient cancer cells are sensitized to a drug targeting p97/VCP segregase. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The p97/valosin-containing protein (VCP) complex is a crucial factor for the segregation of ubiquitinated proteins in the DNA damage response and repair pathway.
Objective
We investigated whether blocking the p97/VCP function can inhibit the proliferation of RepID-deficient cancer cells using immunofluorescence, clonogenic survival assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and immunoblotting.
Result
p97/VCP was recruited to chromatin and colocalized with DNA double-strand breaks in RepID-deficient cancer cells that undergo spontaneous DNA damage. Inhibition of p97/VCP induced death of RepID-depleted cancer cells. This study highlights the potential of targeting p97/VCP complex as an anticancer therapeutic approach.
Conclusion
Our results show that RepID is required to prevent excessive DNA damage at the endogenous levels. Localization of p97/VCP to DSB sites was induced based on spontaneous DNA damage in RepID-depleted cancer cells. Anticancer drugs targeting p97/VCP may be highly potent in RepID-deficient cells. Therefore, we suggest that p97/VCP inhibitors synergize with RepID depletion to kill cancer cells.
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18
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Qiu F, Han Y, Shao X, Paulo P, Li W, Zhu M, Tang N, Guo S, Chen Y, Wu H, Zhao D, Liu Y, Chu W. Knockdown of endogenous RNF4 exacerbates ischaemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9545-9559. [PMID: 32722882 PMCID: PMC7520334 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RNF4, a poly‐SUMO‐specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, is associated with protein degradation, DNA damage repair and tumour progression. However, the effect of RNF4 in cardiomyocytes remains to be explored. Here, we identified the alteration of RNF4 from ischaemic hearts and oxidative stress‐induced apoptotic cardiomyocytes. Upon myocardial infarction (MI) or H2O2/ATO treatment, RNF4 increased rapidly and then decreased gradually. PML SUMOylation and PML nuclear body (PML‐NB) formation first enhanced and then degraded upon oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor was able to attenuate the elevation of RNF4 expression and PML SUMOylation. PML overexpression and RNF4 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) enhanced PML SUMOylation, promoted p53 recruitment and activation and exacerbated H2O2/ATO‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis which could be partially reversed by knockdown of p53. In vivo, knockdown of endogenous RNF4 via in vivo adeno‐associated virus infection deteriorated post‐MI structure remodelling including more extensive interstitial fibrosis and severely fractured and disordered structure. Furthermore, knockdown of RNF4 worsened ischaemia‐induced cardiac dysfunction of MI models. Our results reveal a novel myocardial apoptosis regulation model that is composed of RNF4, PML and p53. The modulation of these proteins may provide a new approach to tackling cardiac ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yanna Han
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Shao
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Petro Paulo
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wenyue Li
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Mengying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Tang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Shuaili Guo
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
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19
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Liu H, Chen H, Deng X, Peng Y, Zeng Q, Song Z, He W, Zhang L, Xiao T, Gao G, Li B. Knockdown of TRIM28 inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108772. [PMID: 31351049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a common type of cardiovascular disease (CVD), remaining one of the leading causes of global death. Tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28) is a member of TRIM family that has been found to be involved in atherosclerosis. However, the role of TRIM28 in atherosclerosis remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TRIM28 on the phenotypic switching of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), which is considered as a fundamental event during the development of atherosclerosis. The results showed that TRIM28 was highly expressed in human atherosclerotic tissues, as well in cultured HASMCs stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor subunit B homodimer (PDGF-BB). Knockdown of TRIM28 by transfection with siRNA targeting TRIM28 (si-TRIM28) significantly suppressed the PDGF-BB-induced cell proliferation and migration of HASMCs. Besides, knockdown of TRIM28 inhibited the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. The VSMC markers including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), calponin and SM22α were upregulated in TRIM28 knocked down HASMCs. Furthermore, knockdown of TRIM28 blocked PDGF-BB-induced NF-κB activation in HASMCs. Collectively, knockdown of TRIM28 prevented PDGF-BB-induced phenotypic switching of HASMCs, which might be mediated by the regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Longhua Central Hospital Affiliated Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Longhua Central Hospital Affiliated Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Pharmacy Department, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Longhua Central Hospital Affiliated Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yudong Peng
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zongren Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Longhua Central Hospital Affiliated Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenping He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Longhua Central Hospital Affiliated Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Longhua Central Hospital Affiliated Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Longhua Central Hospital Affiliated Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gan Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Longhua Central Hospital Affiliated Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bailin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Longhua Central Hospital Affiliated Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong Province, China
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20
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Torrecilla I, Oehler J, Ramadan K. The role of ubiquitin-dependent segregase p97 (VCP or Cdc48) in chromatin dynamics after DNA double strand breaks. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0282. [PMID: 28847819 PMCID: PMC5577460 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are the most cytotoxic DNA lesions and, if not repaired, lead to chromosomal rearrangement, genomic instability and cell death. Cells have evolved a complex network of DNA repair and signalling molecules which promptly detect and repair DSBs, commonly known as the DNA damage response (DDR). The DDR is orchestrated by various post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination or SUMOylation. As DSBs are located in complex chromatin structures, the repair of DSBs is engineered at two levels: (i) at sites of broken DNA and (ii) at chromatin structures that surround DNA lesions. Thus, DNA repair and chromatin remodelling machineries must work together to efficiently repair DSBs. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the ubiquitin-dependent molecular unfoldase/segregase p97 (VCP in vertebrates and Cdc48 in worms and lower eukaryotes) in DSB repair. We identify p97 as an essential factor that regulates DSB repair. p97-dependent extraction of ubiquitinated substrates mediates spatio-temporal protein turnover at and around the sites of DSBs, thus orchestrating chromatin remodelling and DSB repair. As p97 is a druggable target, p97 inhibition in the context of DDR has great potential for cancer therapy, as shown for other DDR components such as PARP, ATR and CHK1.This article is part of the themed issue 'Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Torrecilla
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Judith Oehler
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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21
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Garvin AJ, Morris JR. SUMO, a small, but powerful, regulator of double-strand break repair. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160281. [PMID: 28847818 PMCID: PMC5577459 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to a DNA double-stranded break in mammalian cells is a process of sensing and signalling the lesion. It results in halting the cell cycle and local transcription and in the mediation of the DNA repair process itself. The response is launched through a series of post-translational modification signalling events coordinated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination. More recently modifications of proteins by Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO) isoforms have also been found to be key to coordination of the response (Morris et al. 2009 Nature462, 886-890 (doi:10.1038/nature08593); Galanty et al. 2009 Nature462, 935-939 (doi:10.1038/nature08657)). However our understanding of the role of SUMOylation is slight compared with our growing knowledge of how ubiquitin drives signal amplification and key chromatin interactions. In this review we consider our current knowledge of how SUMO isoforms, SUMO conjugation machinery, SUMO proteases and SUMO-interacting proteins contribute to directing altered chromatin states and to repair-protein kinetics at a double-stranded DNA lesion in mammalian cells. We also consider the gaps in our understanding.This article is part of the themed issue 'Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Garvin
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Medical and Dental School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joanna R Morris
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Medical and Dental School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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22
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Delabaere L, Chiolo I. ReiNF4rcing repair pathway choice during cell cycle. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1182-3. [PMID: 27096711 PMCID: PMC4889236 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1159108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Delabaere
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irene Chiolo
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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23
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Pellegrino S, Altmeyer M. Interplay between Ubiquitin, SUMO, and Poly(ADP-Ribose) in the Cellular Response to Genotoxic Stress. Front Genet 2016; 7:63. [PMID: 27148359 PMCID: PMC4835507 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells employ a complex network of molecular pathways to cope with endogenous and exogenous genotoxic stress. This multilayered response ensures that genomic lesions are efficiently detected and faithfully repaired in order to safeguard genome integrity. The molecular choreography at sites of DNA damage relies heavily on post-translational modifications (PTMs). Protein modifications with ubiquitin and the small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO have recently emerged as important regulatory means to coordinate DNA damage signaling and repair. Both ubiquitylation and SUMOylation can lead to extensive chain-like protein modifications, a feature that is shared with yet another DNA damage-induced PTM, the modification of proteins with poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). Chains of ubiquitin, SUMO, and PAR all contribute to the multi-protein assemblies found at sites of DNA damage and regulate their spatio-temporal dynamics. Here, we review recent advancements in our understanding of how ubiquitin, SUMO, and PAR coordinate the DNA damage response and highlight emerging examples of an intricate interplay between these chain-like modifications during the cellular response to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of ZurichZürich, Switzerland
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