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Tang G, Ding G, Wu G, Wang X, Wang T, Zou Q, Sun K, Wu J. Low expression of PRRG2 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma: an immune infiltration-associated prognostic biomarker. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:9. [PMID: 38227081 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the prognostic significance of Proline-rich γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein 2 (PRRG2) in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC), a prevalent and deadly cancer, and its association with immune cell infiltration, a key strategy in developing effective biomarkers. METHODS The study meticulously elucidated the prognostic significance and potential role of PRRG2 in KIRC, correlating its expression with patient sex, age, metastasis, and pathological stage. Utilizing Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), the involvement of PRRG2 in immune response was investigated. The association between PRRG2 expression and immune cell infiltration was also scrutinized. Ultimately, cellular and tissue identity were confirmed via immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS The study elucidates a notable decrease in PRRG2 expression in KIRC patients, correlating with demographic factors, metastasis, and pathological staging, and portending an unfavorable prognosis. Bioinformatic analyses underscore PRRG2's role in immune response, with its expression significantly tied to immune cell infiltration and marker expression. CONCLUSION PRRG2 may potentially impact prognosis in KIRC patients by regulating immune infiltration, thus rendering PRRG2 a promising candidate prognostic biomarker for KIRC-associated immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonglin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Guixin Ding
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Qingsong Zou
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Urology Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Jitao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
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Franklin JM, Wu Z, Guan KL. Insights into recent findings and clinical application of YAP and TAZ in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00579-1. [PMID: 37308716 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research have mapped out the basic mechanics of the Hippo pathway. The paralogues Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), as the central transcription control module of the Hippo pathway, have long been implicated in the progression of various human cancers. The current literature regarding oncogenic YAP and TAZ activities consists mostly of context-specific mechanisms and treatments of human cancers. Furthermore, a growing number of studies demonstrate tumour-suppressor functions of YAP and TAZ. In this Review we aim to synthesize an integrated perspective of the many disparate findings regarding YAP and TAZ in cancer. We then conclude with the various strategies for targeting and treating YAP- and TAZ-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matthew Franklin
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhengming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Wang Y, Wang K, Fu J, Zhang Y, Mao Y, Wang X, Wang X, Yu R, Zhou X. FRK inhibits glioblastoma progression via phosphorylating YAP and inducing its ubiquitylation and degradation by Siah1. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:2107-2120. [PMID: 35723276 PMCID: PMC9713521 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously report that yes-associated protein (YAP), the core downstream effector of Hippo pathway, promotes the malignant progression of glioblastoma (GBM). However, although classical regulatory mechanisms of YAP are well explored, how YAP is modulated by the Hippo-independent manner remains poorly understood. Meanwhile, the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Fyn-related kinase (FRK), which exhibits low expression and possesses tumor suppressor effects in GBM, is reported to be involved in regulation of protein phosphorylation. Here, we examined whether FRK could impede tumor progression by modulating YAP activities. METHODS Human GBM cells and intracranial GBM model were used to assess the effects of FRK and YAP on the malignant biological behaviors of GBM. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of core proteins in GBM tissues. Co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay, luciferase assay and ubiquitination assay were utilized to determine the protein-protein interactions and related molecular mechanisms. RESULTS The expression levels of FRK and YAP were inversely correlated with each other in glioma tissues. In addition, FRK promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of YAP, leading to tumor suppression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, FRK interacted with and phosphorylated YAP on Tyr391/407/444, which recruited the classical E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah1 to catalyze ubiquitination and eventually degradation of YAP. Siah1 is required for YAP destabilization initiated by FRK. CONCLUSIONS We identify a novel mechanism by which FRK orchestrates tumor-suppression effect through phosphorylating YAP and inducing its ubiquitination by Siah1. FRK-Siah1-YAP signaling axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufei Mao
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Corresponding Authors: Rutong Yu, MD, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China (); Xiuping Zhou, PhD, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China ()
| | - Xiuping Zhou
- Corresponding Authors: Rutong Yu, MD, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China (); Xiuping Zhou, PhD, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China ()
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Zhao W, Wang M, Cai M, Zhang C, Qiu Y, Wang X, Zhang T, Zhou H, Wang J, Zhao W, Shao R. Transcriptional co-activators YAP/TAZ: Potential therapeutic targets for metastatic breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110956. [PMID: 33189066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Although routine and targeted therapies have improved the survival rate, there are still considerable challenges in the treatment of breast cancer. Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and/or PDZ binding motif (TAZ) are usually abnormally activated in breast cancer leading to a variety of effects on tumour promotion, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell production and drug-resistance. The abnormal activation of YAP/TAZ can affect metastasis-related processes and promote cancer progression and metastasis by interacting with some metastasis-related factors and pathways. In this article, we summarise the evidence that YAP/TAZ regulates breast cancer metastasis, its post-translational modification mechanisms, and the latest advances in the treatment of YAP/TAZ-related breast cancer metastasis, besides providing a new strategy of YAP/TAZ-based treatment of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Mengyan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Meilian Cai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Conghui Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yuhan Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Huimin Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Junxia Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Wuli Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Rongguang Shao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Lahav N, Rotem-Bamberger S, Fahoum J, Dodson EJ, Kraus Y, Mousa R, Metanis N, Friedler A, Schueler-Furman O. Phosphorylation of the WWOX Protein Regulates Its Interaction with p73. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1843-1851. [PMID: 32185845 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We describe a molecular characterization of the interaction between the cancer-related proteins WWOX and p73. This interaction is mediated by the first of two WW domains (WW1) of WWOX and a PPXY-motif-containing region in p73. While phosphorylation of Tyr33 of WWOX and association with p73 are known to affect apoptotic activity, the quantitative effect of phosphorylation on this specific interaction is determined here for the first time. Using ITC and fluorescence anisotropy, we measured the binding affinity between WWOX domains and a p73 derived peptide, and showed that this interaction is regulated by Tyr phosphorylation of WW1. Chemical synthesis of the phosphorylated domains of WWOX revealed that the binding affinity of WWOX to p73 is decreased when WWOX is phosphorylated. This result suggests a fine-tuning of binding affinity in a differential, ligand-specific manner: the decrease in binding affinity of WWOX to p73 can free both partners to form new interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Lahav
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shahar Rotem-Bamberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School POB 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jamal Fahoum
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School POB 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Emma-Joy Dodson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School POB 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yahel Kraus
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reem Mousa
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Assaf Friedler
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School POB 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
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Gu L, Liu J, Xu D, Lu Y. Reciprocal Feedback Loop of the MALAT1-MicroRNA-194-YAP1 Pathway Regulates Progression of Acute Pancreatitis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6894-6904. [PMID: 31518341 PMCID: PMC6756034 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) has a high mortality rate and often has serious complications. The Hippo-YAP signaling pathway is mainly involved in cell proliferation and stem cell self-renewal. Recent studies have reported that YAP1 plays a crucial role in pancreatic cancer initiation and acute and chronic pancreatitis (CP). However, the role of YAP1 in AP still needs to be clarified. Material/Methods To assess the role of YAP1 in the progression of AP, we established a cell model of AP in AR42J cells. AR42J, a rat pancreatic acinar cell line, was stimulated with caerulein to mimic AP-like acinar cell injury. Levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA to investigate the role of YAP1 in the progression of AP. Results The results showed that YAP1 and MALAT1 were the targets of miR-194 and were upregulated in caerulein-treated AR42J cells. Overexpression of MALAT1 or YAP1 can increase the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α secreted by AR42J cells, while miR-194 dramatically counteracts this enhancement effect. Conclusions Our results demonstrated a regulation loop among MATAL1, miR-194, and YAP1, which dynamically regulates the progression of AP, providing a new therapeutic target for treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gu
- Department of ICU (Intensive Care Unit), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Jingyao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of ICU (Intensive Care Unit), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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Yan F, Qian M, He Q, Zhu H, Yang B. The posttranslational modifications of Hippo-YAP pathway in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129397. [PMID: 31306710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key effector of the Hippo pathway and is frequently dysregulated in aggressive human cancers. Aberrant YAP activation has emerged as an important driver of tumorigenesis, chemoresistance and metastasis. Since posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are pivotal modifiers that determine protein activation or subcellular localization, the malfunction of YAP due to dysregulated PTMs has been linked to various cancers. Collectively, although YAP has long been considered an "undruggable" transcription cofactor, its PTMs may be its "Achilles' heel". To provide theoretical support for developing small molecule inhibitors based on PTMs, in this review article, we summarize the current understanding of the impact of PTMs in regulating the Hippo-YAP pathway and further discuss potential therapeutic intervention. SCOPE OF REVIEW In our review, we summarize the known posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of YAP that dictate its protein stability, transcriptional activity and subcellular localization at different stages. Here, we clearly summarize the specific enzymes and sites involved in YAP PTMs and place additional focus on the consequences of PTM-modulated YAP activity and translocation. MAIN CONCLUSION PTMs of YAP play fundamental roles in controlling the protein abundance and function. Therefore, interfering with PTMs of YAP may contribute to solving the "undruggable" problem in YAP inhibition, thus providing new approaches for YAP-based cancer therapy. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Future studies that target corresponding PTM-related kinases/enzymes will provide new strategies for cancer therapy, particularly in tumors with YAP dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Yan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meijia Qian
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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NTRK1 is a positive regulator of YAP oncogenic function. Oncogene 2018; 38:2778-2787. [PMID: 30542115 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple cancer signalling networks take part in regulatory crosstalks with the Hippo tumour suppressor pathway through the transcriptional cofactor Yes-associated protein (YAP). Nevertheless, how YAP is controlled by pathway crosstalks in tumourigenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we performed a targeted kinase inhibitor screen in human cancer cells to identify novel Hippo pathway regulators. Notably, we identified the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK1), a molecule not previously associated with Hippo signalling. NTRK1 inhibition decreased YAP-driven transcription, cancer cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, using a complementary functional genomics approach and mouse xenograft models, we show that NTRK1 regulates YAP oncogenic activity in vivo. Mechanistically, NTRK1 inhibition was found to induce large suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) phosphorylation and to control YAP subcellular localization. Taken together, these results provide compelling evidence of crosstalks between the NGF-NTRK1 and Hippo cancer pathways.
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PYK2 negatively regulates the Hippo pathway in TNBC by stabilizing TAZ protein. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:985. [PMID: 30250159 PMCID: PMC6155151 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor Hippo pathway negatively regulates the transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) to inhibit cell growth and control organ size, whereas activation of YAP and TAZ is implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. Here, we report that the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase PYK2 positively regulates TAZ and YAP transcriptional activity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We found that inhibition of PYK2 expression or its kinase activity substantially affects the steady-state level of TAZ and markedly facilitates its proteasomal degradation. This effect was specific to PYK2 inhibition and was not obtained by inhibition of FAK. Destabilization of TAZ was associated with profound effect of PYK2 inhibition on cell growth at low-density concomitant with reduced expression of TAZ-target genes and induction of cell apoptosis. We further show that PYK2 enhances the tyrosine phosphorylation of both TAZ and LATS1/2 and concomitantly TAZ stability, and that PYK2 protein level correlates with the level of TAZ protein in primary breast tumors. Together these observations suggest that PYK2 is an important regulator of the Hippo pathway, and its tyrosine kinase activity has a striking effect on TAZ stabilization and activation in TNBC.
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10
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Huang SS, Chang NS. Phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation in specific sites of tumor suppressor WWOX and control of distinct biological events. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:137-147. [PMID: 29310447 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217752350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal differentiation and growth of hematopoietic stem cells cause the development of hematopoietic diseases and hematopoietic malignancies. However, the molecular events underlying leukemia development are not well understood. In our recent study, we have demonstrated that calcium ionophore and phorbol ester force the differentiation of T lymphoblastic leukemia. The event involves a newly identified IκBα/WWOX/ERK signaling, in which WWOX is Ser14 phosphorylated. Additional evidence also reveals that pS14-WWOX is involved in enhancing cancer progression and metastasis and facilitating neurodegeneration. In this mini-review, we update the current knowledge for the functional roles of WWOX under physiological and pathological settings, and provide new insights regarding pS14-WWOX in T leukemia cell maturation, and switching the anticancer pY33-WWOX to pS14-WWOX for cancer promotion and disease progression. Impact statement WWOX was originally designated as a tumor suppressor. However, human newborns deficient in WWOX do not spontaneously develop tumors. Activated WWOX with Tyr33 phosphorylation is present in normal tissues and organs. However, when pY33-WWOX is overly induced under stress conditions, it becomes apoptotic to eliminate damaged cells. Notably, WWOX with Ser14 phosphorylation is upregulated in the lesions of cancer, as well as in the brain hippocampus and cortex with Alzheimer's disease. Suppression of pS14-WWOX by Zfra reduces cancer growth and mitigates Alzheimer's disease progression, suggesting that pS14-WWOX facilitates disease progression. pS14-WWOX can be regarded as a marker of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenq-Shyang Huang
- 1 Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC.,2 Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nan-Shan Chang
- 1 Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC.,3 Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.,4 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
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Lachowski D, Cortes E, Robinson B, Rice A, Rombouts K, Del Río Hernández AE. FAK controls the mechanical activation of YAP, a transcriptional regulator required for durotaxis. FASEB J 2018; 32:1099-1107. [PMID: 29070586 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700721r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a key molecule in focal adhesions and regulates fundamental processes in cells such as growth, survival, and migration. FAK is one of the first molecules recruited to focal adhesions in response to external mechanical stimuli and therefore is a pivotal mediator of cell mechanosignaling, and relays these stimuli to other mechanotransducers within the cytoplasm. Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been identified recently as one of these core mechanotransducers. YAP translocates to the nucleus following changes in cell mechanics to promote the expression of genes implicated in motility, apoptosis, proliferation, and organ growth. Here, we show that FAK controls the nuclear translocation and activation of YAP in response to mechanical activation and submit that the YAP-dependent process of durotaxis requires a cell with an asymmetric distribution of active and inactive FAK molecules.-Lachowski, D., Cortes, E., Robinson, B., Rice, A., Rombouts, K., Del Río Hernández, A. E. FAK controls the mechanical activation of YAP, a transcriptional regulator required for durotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Lachowski
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ernesto Cortes
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Benjamin Robinson
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Alistair Rice
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Krista Rombouts
- Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Armando E Del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
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Byun MR, Hwang JH, Kim AR, Kim KM, Park JI, Oh HT, Hwang ES, Hong JH. SRC activates TAZ for intestinal tumorigenesis and regeneration. Cancer Lett 2017; 410:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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The essential role of YAP O-GlcNAcylation in high-glucose-stimulated liver tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15280. [PMID: 28474680 PMCID: PMC5424161 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation has been implicated in the tumorigenesis of various tissue origins, but its function in liver tumorigenesis is not clear. Here, we demonstrate that O-GlcNAcylation can enhance the expression, stability and function of Yes-associated protein (YAP), the downstream transcriptional regulator of the Hippo pathway and a potent oncogenic factor in liver cancer. O-GlcNAcylation induces transformative phenotypes of liver cancer cells in a YAP-dependent manner. An O-GlcNAc site of YAP was identified at Thr241, and mutating this site decreased the O-GlcNAcylation, stability, and pro-tumorigenic capacities of YAP, while increasing YAP phosphorylation. Importantly, we found via in vitro cell-based and in vivo mouse model experiments that O-GlcNAcylation of YAP was required for high-glucose-induced liver tumorigenesis. Interestingly, a positive feedback between YAP and global cellular O-GlcNAcylation is also uncovered. We conclude that YAP O-GlcNAcylation is a potential therapeutic intervention point for treating liver cancer associated with high blood glucose levels and possibly diabetes. Yap is a transcriptional factor involved in tumorigenesis. Here the authors show that a previously unknown post-translational modification of Yap, O-GlcNAcylation, increases its transcriptional activity and is required for high glucose-induced liver cancer development.
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