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Li Y, Gong Y, Zhou Y, Xiao Y, Huang W, Zhou Q, Tu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Dai L, Sun Q. STK19 is a DNA/RNA-binding protein critical for DNA damage repair and cell proliferation. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202301090. [PMID: 38252411 PMCID: PMC10806857 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202301090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
STK19 was originally identified as a manganese-dependent serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, but its function has been highly debated. Here, the crystal structure of STK19 revealed that it does not contain a kinase domain, but three intimately packed winged helix (WH) domains. The third WH domain mediated homodimerization and double-stranded DNA binding, both being important for its nuclear localization. STK19 participated in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways by recruiting damage repair factors such as RPA2 and PCNA. STK19 also bound double-stranded RNA through the DNA-binding interface and regulated the expression levels of many mRNAs. Furthermore, STK19 knockdown cells exhibited very slow cell proliferation, which cannot be rescued by dimerization or DNA-binding mutants. Therefore, this work concludes that STK19 is highly unlikely to be a kinase but a DNA/RNA-binding protein critical for DNA damage repair (DDR) and cell proliferation. To prevent further confusions, we renamed this protein as TWH19 (Tandem Winged Helix protein formerly known as STK19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiu Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhou Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxin Huang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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2
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Nath N, Hagenau L, Weiss S, Tzvetkova A, Jensen LR, Kaderali L, Port M, Scherthan H, Kuss AW. Genome-Wide DNA Alterations in X-Irradiated Human Gingiva Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5778. [PMID: 32806598 PMCID: PMC7460866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While ionizing radiation (IR) is a powerful tool in medical diagnostics, nuclear medicine, and radiology, it also is a serious threat to the integrity of genetic material. Mutagenic effects of IR to the human genome have long been the subject of research, yet still comparatively little is known about the genome-wide effects of IR exposure on the DNA-sequence level. In this study, we employed high throughput sequencing technologies to investigate IR-induced DNA alterations in human gingiva fibroblasts (HGF) that were acutely exposed to 0.5, 2, and 10 Gy of 240 kV X-radiation followed by repair times of 16 h or 7 days before whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Our analysis of the obtained WGS datasets revealed patterns of IR-induced variant (SNV and InDel) accumulation across the genome, within chromosomes as well as around the borders of topologically associating domains (TADs). Chromosome 19 consistently accumulated the highest SNVs and InDels events. Translocations showed variable patterns but with recurrent chromosomes of origin (e.g., Chr7 and Chr16). IR-induced InDels showed a relative increase in number relative to SNVs and a characteristic signature with respect to the frequency of triplet deletions in areas without repetitive or microhomology features. Overall experimental conditions and datasets the majority of SNVs per genome had no or little predicted functional impact with a maximum of 62, showing damaging potential. A dose-dependent effect of IR was surprisingly not apparent. We also observed a significant reduction in transition/transversion (Ti/Tv) ratios for IR-dependent SNVs, which could point to a contribution of the mismatch repair (MMR) system that strongly favors the repair of transitions over transversions, to the IR-induced DNA-damage response in human cells. Taken together, our results show the presence of distinguishable characteristic patterns of IR-induced DNA-alterations on a genome-wide level and implicate DNA-repair mechanisms in the formation of these signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Nath
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (N.N.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (A.T.); (L.R.J.)
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Lisa Hagenau
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (N.N.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (A.T.); (L.R.J.)
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (N.N.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (A.T.); (L.R.J.)
| | - Ana Tzvetkova
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (N.N.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (A.T.); (L.R.J.)
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Lars R. Jensen
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (N.N.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (A.T.); (L.R.J.)
| | - Lars Kaderali
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute for Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, 80937 München, Germany; (M.P.); (H.S.)
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute for Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, 80937 München, Germany; (M.P.); (H.S.)
| | - Andreas W. Kuss
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (N.N.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (A.T.); (L.R.J.)
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3
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Murray D, Mirzayans R. Cellular Responses to Platinum-Based Anticancer Drugs and UVC: Role of p53 and Implications for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165766. [PMID: 32796711 PMCID: PMC7461110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is intended to induce cancer cell death through apoptosis and other avenues. Unfortunately, as discussed in this article, moderate doses of genotoxic drugs such as cisplatin typical of those achieved in the clinic often invoke a cytostatic/dormancy rather than cytotoxic/apoptosis response in solid tumour-derived cell lines. This is commonly manifested by an extended apoptotic threshold, with extensive apoptosis only being seen after very high/supralethal doses of such agents. The dormancy response can be associated with senescence-like features, polyploidy and/or multinucleation, depending in part on the p53 status of the cells. In most solid tumour-derived cells, dormancy represents a long-term survival mechanism, ultimately contributing to disease recurrence. This review highlights the nonlinearity of key aspects of the molecular and cellular responses to bulky DNA lesions in human cells treated with chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., cisplatin) or ultraviolet light-C (a widely used tool for unraveling details of the DNA damage-response) as a function of the level of genotoxic stress. Such data highlight the growing realization that targeting dormant cancer cells, which frequently emerge following conventional anticancer treatments, may represent a novel strategy to prevent or, at least, significantly suppress cancer recurrence.
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Chen FM, Zhang YX, Li XF, Gao JF, Ma H, Wang XL, Li Y, Li C, Zhang YN, Zhang YT, Kan HX, Li H, Zhang SG, Hao FR, Wang MC. The Prognostic Value of Deficient Mismatch Repair in Stage II-IVa Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in the Era of IMRT. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9690. [PMID: 32546739 PMCID: PMC7298002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), it is important to analyse the prognostic value of deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, in pretreatment biopsies of 69 patients with stage II-IVa NPC, the expression levels of MMR proteins, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2, were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The median follow-up time was 37.5 months (3.1-87.4 months). 50.7% of cases (35/69) showed preserved expression of all 4 MMR proteins, which was interpreted as proficient mismatch repair (pMMR). Only 1.5% of cases (1/69) lost expression of all 4 MMR proteins, 26.1% of cases (18/69) have PMS2 loss alone and 21.7% of cases (15/69) lost expression of both PMS2 and MLH1. Thus, 49.3% of cases (34/69) lost expression of one or more MMR proteins, which was interpreted as dMMR. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in terms of sex, age, clinical stage, T category, N category or therapy regimens between the dMMR and pMMR groups. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that dMMR was an independent significant prognostic factor for distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (dMMR vs pMMR: P = 0.01, HR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09~0.75). Therefore, NPC patients with dMMR had significantly superior DMFS compared with patients with pMMR. It can be expected that dMMR will become a new independent prognostic factor for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ming Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rongcheng People's Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Yun-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gao
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Clinical School, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Clinical School, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ya-Ting Zhang
- Clinical School, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hong-Xing Kan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Zibo City, Zibo, China
| | - Shi-Geng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taian Tumour Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Fu-Rong Hao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China.
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Radiophysics and Oncological Radiobiology, Weifang, China.
| | - Ming-Chen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China.
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Radiophysics and Oncological Radiobiology, Weifang, China.
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5
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CRL4 Ubiquitin Pathway and DNA Damage Response. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1217:225-239. [PMID: 31898231 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1025-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage occurs in a human cell at an average frequency of 10,000 incidences per day by means of external and internal culprits, damage that triggers sequential cellular responses and stalls the cell cycle while activating specific DNA repair pathways. Failure to remove DNA lesions would compromise genomic integrity, leading to human diseases such as cancer and premature aging. If DNA damage is extensive and cannot be repaired, cells undergo apoptosis. DNA damage response (DDR) often entails posttranslational modifications of key DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoint proteins, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Cullin-RING ligase 4 (CRL4) enzyme has been found to target multiple DDR proteins for ubiquitination. In this chapter, we will discuss key repair and checkpoint proteins that are subject to ubiquitin-dependent regulation by members of the CRL4 family during ultraviolet light (UV)-induced DNA damage.
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6
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Mazian MA, Suenaga N, Ishii T, Hayashi A, Shiomi Y, Nishitani H. A DNA-binding domain in the C-terminal region of Cdt2 enhances the DNA synthesis-coupled CRL4Cdt2 ubiquitin ligase activity for Cdt1. J Biochem 2019; 165:505-516. [PMID: 30649446 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase CRL4Cdt2 maintains genome integrity by mediating the cell cycle- and DNA damage-dependent degradation of proteins such as Cdt1, p21 and Set8. Human Cdt2 has two regions, a conserved N-terminal seven WD40 repeat region and a less conserved C-terminal region. Here, we showed that the N-terminal region is sufficient for complex formation with CRL4, but the C-terminal region is required for the full ubiquitin ligase activity. UV irradiation-induced polyubiquitination and degradation of Cdt1 were impaired in Cdt2 (N-terminus only)-expressing cells. Deletion and mutation analysis identified a domain in the C-terminal region that increased ubiquitination activity and displayed DNA-binding activity. The identified domain mediated binding to double-stranded DNA and showed higher affinity binding to single-stranded DNA. As the ligase activity of CRL4Cdt2 depends on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) loading onto DNA, the present results suggest that the DNA-binding domain facilitates the CRL4Cdt2-mediated recognition and ubiquitination of substrates bound to PCNA on chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muadz Ahmad Mazian
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Akogun Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Suenaga
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Akogun Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishii
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Akogun Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akiyo Hayashi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Akogun Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shiomi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Akogun Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideo Nishitani
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Akogun Hyogo, Japan
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7
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Panagopoulos A, Taraviras S, Lygerou Z. Mismatch repair regulates Cdt1 after UV damage. Cell Cycle 2019; 16:1143-1144. [PMID: 28426347 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1319687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zoi Lygerou
- a School of Medicine, University of Patras , Rio, Patras , Greece
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8
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Mo X, Preston S, Zaidi MR. Macroenvironment-gene-microenvironment interactions in ultraviolet radiation-induced melanomagenesis. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 144:1-54. [PMID: 31349897 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the few major cancers that continue to exhibit a positive rate of increase in the developed world. A wealth of epidemiological data has undisputedly implicated ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight and artificial sources as the major risk factor for melanomagenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms of this cause-and-effect relationship remain murky and understudied. Recent efforts on multiple fronts have brought unprecedented expansion of our knowledge base on this subject and it is now clear that melanoma is caused by a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental exposure, primarily to UVR. Here we provide an overview of the effects of the macroenvironment (UVR) on the skin microenvironment and melanocyte-specific intrinsic (mostly genetic) landscape, which conspire to produce one of the deadliest malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mo
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah Preston
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - M Raza Zaidi
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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9
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Hayashi A, Giakoumakis NN, Heidebrecht T, Ishii T, Panagopoulos A, Caillat C, Takahara M, Hibbert RG, Suenaga N, Stadnik-Spiewak M, Takahashi T, Shiomi Y, Taraviras S, von Castelmur E, Lygerou Z, Perrakis A, Nishitani H. Direct binding of Cdt2 to PCNA is important for targeting the CRL4 Cdt2 E3 ligase activity to Cdt1. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800238. [PMID: 30623174 PMCID: PMC6312923 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-terminal end of Cdt2 contains a PIP box for binding to PCNA to promote CRL4Cdt2 function, creating a new paradigm where the substrate receptor and substrates bind to a common multivalent docking platform for ubiquitination. The CRL4Cdt2 ubiquitin ligase complex is an essential regulator of cell-cycle progression and genome stability, ubiquitinating substrates such as p21, Set8, and Cdt1, via a display of substrate degrons on proliferating cell nuclear antigens (PCNAs). Here, we examine the hierarchy of the ligase and substrate recruitment kinetics onto PCNA at sites of DNA replication. We demonstrate that the C-terminal end of Cdt2 bears a PCNA interaction protein motif (PIP box, Cdt2PIP), which is necessary and sufficient for the binding of Cdt2 to PCNA. Cdt2PIP binds PCNA directly with high affinity, two orders of magnitude tighter than the PIP box of Cdt1. X-ray crystallographic structures of PCNA bound to Cdt2PIP and Cdt1PIP show that the peptides occupy all three binding sites of the trimeric PCNA ring. Mutating Cdt2PIP weakens the interaction with PCNA, rendering CRL4Cdt2 less effective in Cdt1 ubiquitination and leading to defects in Cdt1 degradation. The molecular mechanism we present suggests a new paradigm for bringing substrates to the CRL4-type ligase, where the substrate receptor and substrates bind to a common multivalent docking platform to enable subsequent ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyo Hayashi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Japan
| | | | - Tatjana Heidebrecht
- Department of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Takashi Ishii
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Japan
| | | | - Christophe Caillat
- Department of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiyo Takahara
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Japan
| | - Richard G Hibbert
- Department of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Naohiro Suenaga
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Japan
| | - Magda Stadnik-Spiewak
- Department of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yasushi Shiomi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Japan
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anastassis Perrakis
- Department of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hideo Nishitani
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Japan
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10
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Jia P, Chai W. The MLH1 ATPase domain is needed for suppressing aberrant formation of interstitial telomeric sequences. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 65:20-25. [PMID: 29544212 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Genome instability gives rise to cancer. MLH1, commonly known for its important role in mismatch repair (MMR), DNA damage signaling and double-strand break (DSB) repair, safeguards genome stability. Recently we have reported a novel role of MLH1 in preventing aberrant formation of interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs) at intra-chromosomal regions. Deficiency in MLH1, in particular its N-terminus, leads to an increase of ITSs. Here, we identify that the ATPase activity in the MLH1 N-terminal domain is important for suppressing the formation of ITSs. The ATPase activity is also needed for recruiting MLH1 to DSBs. Moreover, defective ATPase activity of MLH1 causes an increase in micronuclei formation. Our results highlight the crucial role of MLH1's ATPase domain in preventing the aberrant formation of telomeric sequences at the intra-chromosomal regions and preserving genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Jia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, United States
| | - Weihang Chai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, United States.
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11
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Nukina K, Hayashi A, Shiomi Y, Sugasawa K, Ohtsubo M, Nishitani H. Mutations at multiple CDK phosphorylation consensus sites on Cdt2 increase the affinity of CRL4 Cdt2 for PCNA and its ubiquitination activity in S phase. Genes Cells 2018; 23:200-213. [PMID: 29424068 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CRL4Cdt2 ubiquitin ligase plays an important role maintaining genome integrity during the cell cycle. A recent report suggested that Cdk1 negatively regulates CRL4Cdt2 activity through phosphorylation of its receptor, Cdt2, but the involvement of phosphorylation remains unclear. To address this, we mutated all CDK consensus phosphorylation sites located in the C-terminal half region of Cdt2 (Cdt2-18A) and examined the effect on substrate degradation. We show that both cyclinA/Cdk2 and cyclinB/Cdk1 phosphorylated Cdt2 in vitro and that phosphorylation was reduced by the 18A mutation both in vitro and in vivo. The 18A mutation increased the affinity of Cdt2 to PCNA, and a high amount of Cdt2-18A was colocalized with PCNA foci during S phase in comparison with Cdt2-WT. Poly-ubiquitination activity to Cdt1 was concomitantly enhanced in cells expressing Cdt2-18A. Other CRL4Cdt2 substrates, Set8 and thymine DNA glycosylase, begin to accumulate around late S phase to G2 phase, but the accumulation was prevented in Cdt2-18A cells. Furthermore, mitotic degradation of Cdt1 after UV irradiation was induced in these cells. Our results suggest that CDK-mediated phosphorylation of Cdt2 inactivates its ubiquitin ligase activity by reducing its affinity to PCNA, an important strategy for regulating the levels of key proteins in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nukina
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akiyo Hayashi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shiomi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Motoaki Ohtsubo
- Department of Food and Fermentation Science, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Beppu University, Beppu, Oita, Japan
| | - Hideo Nishitani
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo, Japan
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