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Rodrigues JS, Chenlo M, Bravo SB, Perez-Romero S, Suarez-Fariña M, Sobrino T, Sanz-Pamplona R, González-Prieto R, Blanco Freire MN, Nogueiras R, López M, Fugazzola L, Cameselle-Teijeiro JM, Alvarez CV. dsRNAi-mediated silencing of PIAS2beta specifically kills anaplastic carcinomas by mitotic catastrophe. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3736. [PMID: 38744818 PMCID: PMC11094195 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The E3 SUMO ligase PIAS2 is expressed at high levels in differentiated papillary thyroid carcinomas but at low levels in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC), an undifferentiated cancer with high mortality. We show here that depletion of the PIAS2 beta isoform with a transcribed double-stranded RNA-directed RNA interference (PIAS2b-dsRNAi) specifically inhibits growth of ATC cell lines and patient primary cultures in vitro and of orthotopic patient-derived xenografts (oPDX) in vivo. Critically, PIAS2b-dsRNAi does not affect growth of normal or non-anaplastic thyroid tumor cultures (differentiated carcinoma, benign lesions) or cell lines. PIAS2b-dsRNAi also has an anti-cancer effect on other anaplastic human cancers (pancreas, lung, and gastric). Mechanistically, PIAS2b is required for proper mitotic spindle and centrosome assembly, and it is a dosage-sensitive protein in ATC. PIAS2b depletion promotes mitotic catastrophe at prophase. High-throughput proteomics reveals the proteasome (PSMC5) and spindle cytoskeleton (TUBB3) to be direct targets of PIAS2b SUMOylation at mitotic initiation. These results identify PIAS2b-dsRNAi as a promising therapy for ATC and other aggressive anaplastic carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Rodrigues
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miguel Chenlo
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana B Bravo
- Department of Proteomics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sihara Perez-Romero
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Suarez-Fariña
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomas Sobrino
- Department of NeuroAging Group - Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona
- University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Institute for Health Research Aragon (IISA), ARAID Foundation, Aragon Government and CIBERESP, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Román González-Prieto
- Cell Dynamics and Signaling Department, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC - Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Narciso Blanco Freire
- Department of Surgery, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Molecular Metabolism, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS); Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - José Manuel Cameselle-Teijeiro
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Clara V Alvarez
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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2
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Deans-Fielder K, Wu T, Nguyen T, To S, Huang YZ, Bark SJ, Mills JC, Shroyer NF. Mechanisms driving fasting-induced protection from genotoxic injury in the small intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G504-G524. [PMID: 38349111 PMCID: PMC11376978 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00126.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Genotoxic agents such as doxorubicin (DXR) can cause damage to the intestines that can be ameliorated by fasting. How fasting is protective and the optimal timing of fasting and refeeding remain unclear. Here, our analysis of fasting/refeeding-induced global intestinal transcriptional changes revealed metabolic shifts and implicated the cellular energetic hub mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in protecting from DXR-induced DNA damage. Our analysis of specific transcripts and proteins in intestinal tissue and tissue extracts showed that fasting followed by refeeding at the time of DXR administration reduced damage and caused a spike in mTORC1 activity. However, continued fasting after DXR prevented the mTORC1 spike and damage reduction. Surprisingly, the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, did not block fasting/refeeding-induced reduction in DNA damage, suggesting that increased mTORC1 is dispensable for protection against the initial DNA damage response. In Ddit4-/- mice [DDIT4 (DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4) functions to regulate mTORC1 activity], fasting reduced DNA damage and increased intestinal crypt viability vs. ad libitum-fed Ddit4-/- mice. Fasted/refed Ddit4-/- mice maintained body weight, with increased crypt proliferation by 5 days post-DXR, whereas ad libitum-fed Ddit4-/- mice continued to lose weight and displayed limited crypt proliferation. Genes encoding epithelial stem cell and DNA repair proteins were elevated in DXR-injured, fasted vs. ad libitum Ddit4-/- intestines. Thus, fasting strongly reduced intestinal damage when normal dynamic regulation of mTORC1 was lost. Overall, the results confirm that fasting protects the intestines against DXR and suggests that fasting works by pleiotropic - including both mTORC1-dependent and independent - mechanisms across the temporally dynamic injury response.NEW & NOTEWORTHY New findings are 1) DNA damage reduction following a 24-h fast depends on the timing of postfast refeeding in relation to chemotherapy initiation; 2) fasting/refeeding-induced upregulation of mTORC1 activity is not required for early (6 h) protection against DXR-induced DNA damage; and 3) fasting increases expression of intestinal stem cell and DNA damage repair genes, even when mTORC1 is dysregulated, highlighting fasting's crucial role in regulating mTORC1-dependent and independent mechanisms in the dynamic recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Deans-Fielder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Timothy Wu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sarah To
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yang-Zhe Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Steven J Bark
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Noah F Shroyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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Rao S, Verrill C, Cerundolo L, Alham NK, Kaya Z, O'Hanlon M, Hayes A, Lambert A, James M, Tullis IDC, Niederer J, Lovell S, Omer A, Lopez F, Leslie T, Buffa F, Bryant RJ, Lamb AD, Vojnovic B, Wedge DC, Mills IG, Woodcock DJ, Tomlinson I, Hamdy FC. Intra-prostatic tumour evolution, steps in metastatic spread and histogenomic associations revealed by integration of multi-region whole-genome sequencing with histopathological features. Genome Med 2024; 16:35. [PMID: 38374116 PMCID: PMC10877771 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extension of prostate cancer beyond the primary site by local invasion or nodal metastasis is associated with poor prognosis. Despite significant research on tumour evolution in prostate cancer metastasis, the emergence and evolution of cancer clones at this early stage of expansion and spread are poorly understood. We aimed to delineate the routes of evolution and cancer spread within the prostate and to seminal vesicles and lymph nodes, linking these to histological features that are used in diagnostic risk stratification. METHODS We performed whole-genome sequencing on 42 prostate cancer samples from the prostate, seminal vesicles and lymph nodes of five treatment-naive patients with locally advanced disease. We spatially mapped the clonal composition of cancer across the prostate and the routes of spread of cancer cells within the prostate and to seminal vesicles and lymph nodes in each individual by analysing a total of > 19,000 copy number corrected single nucleotide variants. RESULTS In each patient, we identified sample locations corresponding to the earliest part of the malignancy. In patient 10, we mapped the spread of cancer from the apex of the prostate to the seminal vesicles and identified specific genomic changes associated with the transformation of adenocarcinoma to amphicrine morphology during this spread. Furthermore, we show that the lymph node metastases in this patient arose from specific cancer clones found at the base of the prostate and the seminal vesicles. In patient 15, we observed increased mutational burden, altered mutational signatures and histological changes associated with whole genome duplication. In all patients in whom histological heterogeneity was observed (4/5), we found that the distinct morphologies were located on separate branches of their respective evolutionary trees. CONCLUSIONS Our results link histological transformation with specific genomic alterations and phylogenetic branching. These findings have implications for diagnosis and risk stratification, in addition to providing a rationale for further studies to characterise the genetic changes causally linked to morphological transformation. Our study demonstrates the value of integrating multi-region sequencing with histopathological data to understand tumour evolution and identify mechanisms of prostate cancer spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Rao
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Clare Verrill
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucia Cerundolo
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Zeynep Kaya
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miriam O'Hanlon
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alicia Hayes
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Lambert
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martha James
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jane Niederer
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shelagh Lovell
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Altan Omer
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francisco Lopez
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tom Leslie
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Richard J Bryant
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alastair D Lamb
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Boris Vojnovic
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David C Wedge
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dan J Woodcock
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Langner E, Cheng T, Kefaloyianni E, Gluck C, Wang B, Mahjoub MR. Cep120 is essential for kidney stromal progenitor cell growth and differentiation. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:428-454. [PMID: 38177914 PMCID: PMC10897188 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes that disrupt centrosome structure or function can cause congenital kidney developmental defects and lead to fibrocystic pathologies. Yet, it is unclear how defective centrosome biogenesis impacts renal progenitor cell physiology. Here, we examined the consequences of impaired centrosome duplication on kidney stromal progenitor cell growth, differentiation, and fate. Conditional deletion of the ciliopathy gene Cep120, which is essential for centrosome duplication, in the stromal mesenchyme resulted in reduced abundance of interstitial lineages including pericytes, fibroblasts and mesangial cells. These phenotypes were caused by a combination of delayed mitosis, activation of the mitotic surveillance pathway leading to apoptosis, and changes in both Wnt and Hedgehog signaling that are key for differentiation of stromal cells. Cep120 ablation resulted in small hypoplastic kidneys with medullary atrophy and delayed nephron maturation. Finally, Cep120 and centrosome loss in the interstitium sensitized kidneys of adult mice, causing rapid fibrosis after renal injury via enhanced TGF-β/Smad3-Gli2 signaling. Our study defines the cellular and developmental defects caused by loss of Cep120 and aberrant centrosome biogenesis in the embryonic kidney stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Langner
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division), Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division), Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eirini Kefaloyianni
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology Division), Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles Gluck
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division), Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Baolin Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division), Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
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Casanova-Maldonado I, Arancibia D, Lois P, Peña-Villalobos I, Palma V. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment increases intestinal stem cell proliferation through the mTORC1/S6K1 signaling pathway in Mus musculus. Biol Res 2023; 56:41. [PMID: 37438828 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has been reported to modulate the proliferation of neural and mesenchymal stem cell populations, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are not completely understood. In this study, we aimed to assess HBOT somatic stem cell modulation by evaluating the role of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), a key regulator of cell metabolism whose activity is modified depending on oxygen levels, as a potential mediator of HBOT in murine intestinal stem cells (ISCs). RESULTS We discovered that acute HBOT synchronously increases the proliferation of ISCs without affecting the animal's oxidative metabolism through activation of the mTORC1/S6K1 axis. mTORC1 inhibition by rapamycin administration for 20 days also increases ISCs proliferation, generating a paradoxical response in mice intestines, and has been proposed to mimic a partial starvation state. Interestingly, the combination of HBOT and rapamycin does not have a synergic effect, possibly due to their differential impact on the mTORC1/S6K1 axis. CONCLUSIONS HBOT can induce an increase in ISCs proliferation along with other cell populations within the crypt through mTORC1/S6K1 modulation without altering the oxidative metabolism of the animal's small intestine. These results shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying HBOT therapeutic action, laying the groundwork for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Casanova-Maldonado
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Milenio Building Floor 3, 7800024, Santiago de Chile, Nunoa, Chile.
| | - David Arancibia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Milenio Building Floor 3, 7800024, Santiago de Chile, Nunoa, Chile
| | - Pablo Lois
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Milenio Building Floor 3, 7800024, Santiago de Chile, Nunoa, Chile
- Education Department, Faculty of Humanities, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Isaac Peña-Villalobos
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Milenio Building Floor 3, 7800024, Santiago de Chile, Nunoa, Chile.
| | - Verónica Palma
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Milenio Building Floor 3, 7800024, Santiago de Chile, Nunoa, Chile.
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Langner E, Cheng T, Kefaloyianni E, Gluck C, Wang B, Mahjoub MR. Impaired centrosome biogenesis in kidney stromal progenitors reduces abundance of interstitial lineages and accelerates injury-induced fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.04.535583. [PMID: 37066241 PMCID: PMC10104024 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.04.535583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Defective centrosome function can disrupt embryonic kidney development, by causing changes to the renal interstitium that leads to fibrocystic disease pathologies. Yet, it remains unknown how mutations in centrosome genes impact kidney interstitial cells. Here, we examined the consequences of defective centrosome biogenesis on stromal progenitor cell growth, differentiation and fate. Conditional deletion of Cep120 , a ciliopathy gene essential for centrosome duplication, in the stromal mesenchyme resulted in reduced abundance of pericytes, interstitial fibroblasts and mesangial cells. This was due to delayed mitosis, increased apoptosis, and changes in Wnt and Hedgehog signaling essential for differentiation of stromal lineages. Cep120 ablation resulted in hypoplastic kidneys with medullary atrophy and delayed nephron maturation. Finally, centrosome loss in the interstitium sensitized kidneys of adult mice, causing rapid fibrosis via enhanced TGF-β/Smad3-Gli2 signaling after renal injury. Our study defines the cellular and developmental defects caused by centrosome dysfunction in embryonic kidney stroma. Highlights Defective centrosome biogenesis in kidney stroma causes:Reduced abundance of stromal progenitors, interstitial and mesangial cell populationsDefects in cell-autonomous and paracrine signalingAbnormal/delayed nephrogenesis and tubular dilationsAccelerates injury-induced fibrosis via defective TGF-β/Smad3-Gli2 signaling axis.
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Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Large T Antigen Induces Cellular Senescence for Host Growth Arrest and Viral Genome Persistence through Its Unique Domain. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030380. [PMID: 36766726 PMCID: PMC9913222 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in the host during the aging process and are associated with age-related pathogeneses, including cancer. Although persistent senescence seems to contribute to many aspects of cellular pathways and homeostasis, the role of senescence in virus-induced human cancer is not well understood. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer induced by a life-long human infection of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Here, we show that MCPyV large T (LT) antigen expression in human skin fibroblasts causes a novel nucleolar stress response, followed by p21-dependent senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs), which are required for MCPyV genome maintenance. Senolytic and navitoclax treatments result in decreased senescence and MCPyV genome levels, suggesting a potential therapeutic for MCC prevention. Our results uncover the mechanism of a host stress response regulating human polyomavirus genome maintenance in viral persistency, which may lead to targeted intervention for MCC.
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Yang J, Yan W, Li Y, Niu L, Ye H, Chen L. The Natural Compound Withaferin A Covalently Binds to Cys239 of β-Tubulin to Promote Tubulin Degradation. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:711-719. [PMID: 31585985 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WIT) is a natural product possessing a wide range of pharmacologic activities. Previous studies have reported covalent binding of WIT to tubulin and down-of tubulin protein levels although the underlying mechanisms remain to be established. In the current investigation, we showed that WIT induces down-regulation of tubulin in a post-transcriptional manner, suggestive of direct and potent activity in tubulin degradation. The N,N'-ethylene bis(iodoacetamide) assay and competitive binding experiments with four colchicine site-targeted tubulin inhibitors further revealed that WIT interacts with the colchicine site of tubulin to promote degradation. WIT irreversibly inhibited tubulin polymerization, and mass spectrometry results disclosed binding to cysteine at position 239 (Cys239) and Cys303 sites of β-tubulin. Interestingly, WIT promoted degradation of the β-tubulin isoforms containing Cys239 [β2, β4, and β5(β)] but had no effect on those containing Ser239 (β3 and β6). Moreover, a C239S but not C303S mutation in β-tubulin completely abolished the degradation effect of WIT, suggesting that the Cys239-WIT covalent bond accounts for this activity. Our collective results clearly demonstrate that covalent interactions between WIT and Cys239 of β-tubulin promote tubulin degradation, supporting its potential utility as a therapeutic compound. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Withaferin A, a natural product possessing a wide range of pharmacologic activities, covalently binds to Cys239 of β-tubulin near the colchicine site, and the WIT-Cys239 covalent bond accounts for WIT-induced tubulin degradation, fully clarifying the underlying mechanisms and supporting its potential utility a therapeutic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Butler MB, Short NE, Maniou E, Alexandre P, Greene NDE, Copp AJ, Galea GL. Rho kinase-dependent apical constriction counteracts M-phase apical expansion to enable mouse neural tube closure. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.230300. [PMID: 31182644 PMCID: PMC6633395 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular generation of mechanical forces required to close the presumptive spinal neural tube, the 'posterior neuropore' (PNP), involves interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) and apical constriction. Both processes change the apical surface area of neuroepithelial cells, but how they are biomechanically integrated is unknown. Rho kinase (Rock; herein referring to both ROCK1 and ROCK2) inhibition in mouse whole embryo culture progressively widens the PNP. PNP widening is not caused by increased mechanical tension opposing closure, as evidenced by diminished recoil following laser ablation. Rather, Rock inhibition diminishes neuroepithelial apical constriction, producing increased apical areas in neuroepithelial cells despite diminished tension. Neuroepithelial apices are also dynamically related to INM progression, with the smallest dimensions achieved in cells positive for the pan-M phase marker Rb phosphorylated at S780 (pRB-S780). A brief (2 h) Rock inhibition selectively increases the apical area of pRB-S780-positive cells, but not pre-anaphase cells positive for phosphorylated histone 3 (pHH3+). Longer inhibition (8 h, more than one cell cycle) increases apical areas in pHH3+ cells, suggesting cell cycle-dependent accumulation of cells with larger apical surfaces during PNP widening. Consequently, arresting cell cycle progression with hydroxyurea prevents PNP widening following Rock inhibition. Thus, Rock-dependent apical constriction compensates for the PNP-widening effects of INM to enable progression of closure.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max B Butler
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Nina E Short
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Eirini Maniou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paula Alexandre
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Gabriel L Galea
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK .,Comparative Bioveterinary Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
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10
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Parker A, Vaux L, Patterson AM, Modasia A, Muraro D, Fletcher AG, Byrne HM, Maini PK, Watson AJM, Pin C. Elevated apoptosis impairs epithelial cell turnover and shortens villi in TNF-driven intestinal inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:108. [PMID: 30728350 PMCID: PMC6365534 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial monolayer, at the boundary between microbes and the host immune system, plays an important role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly as a target and producer of pro-inflammatory TNF. Chronic overexpression of TNF leads to IBD-like pathology over time, but the mechanisms driving early pathogenesis events are not clear. We studied the epithelial response to inflammation by combining mathematical models with in vivo experimental models resembling acute and chronic TNF-mediated injury. We found significant villus atrophy with increased epithelial cell death along the crypt-villus axis, most dramatically at the villus tips, in both acute and chronic inflammation. In the acute model, we observed overexpression of TNF receptor I in the villus tip rapidly after TNF injection and concurrent with elevated levels of intracellular TNF and rapid shedding at the tip. In the chronic model, sustained villus atrophy was accompanied by a reduction in absolute epithelial cell turnover. Mathematical modelling demonstrated that increased cell apoptosis on the villus body explains the reduction in epithelial cell turnover along the crypt-villus axis observed in chronic inflammation. Cell destruction in the villus was not accompanied by changes in proliferative cell number or division rate within the crypt. Epithelial morphology and immunological changes in the chronic setting suggest a repair response to cell damage although the villus length is not recovered. A better understanding of how this state is further destabilised and results in clinical pathology resembling IBD will help identify suitable pathways for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Parker
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Vaux
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M Patterson
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Amisha Modasia
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexander G Fletcher
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Byrne
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip K Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carmen Pin
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom. .,Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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11
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Jeong YH, Oh HM, Lee MR, Kim CY, Joo C, Park SJ, Song YH, Kang C, Chung HM, Kang SW, Huh KM, Moon SH. The Effect of Hexanoyl Glycol Chitosan on the Proliferation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10080839. [PMID: 30960764 PMCID: PMC6404012 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) have been studied as desirable cell sources for regenerative medicine and therapeutic application. However, it has still remained a challenge to obtain enough adequate and healthy cells in large quantities. To overcome this limitation, various biomaterials have been used to promote expansion of MSCs in vitro. Recently, hexanoyl glycol chitosan (HGC) was introduced as a new biomaterial for various biomedical applications, in particular 3D cell culture, because of its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and other promising biofunctional properties. In this study, the effect of HGC on the proliferation of AD-MSCs was examined in vitro, and its synergistic effect with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which has been widely used to promote proliferation of cells, was evaluated. We found that the presence of HGC increased the proliferative capacity of AD-MSCs during long-term culture, even at low concentrations of bFGF. Furthermore, it suppressed the expression of senescence-related genes and improved the mitochondrial functionality. Taken all together, these findings suggest that the HGC demonstrate a potential for sustained growth of AD-MSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hye Min Oh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Man Ryul Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea.
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Chanyang Joo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Soon-Jung Park
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yun-Ho Song
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Changhee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Sun-Woong Kang
- Predictive Model Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Kang Moo Huh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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