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Lotfi M, Maharati A, Hamidi AA, Taghehchian N, Moghbeli M. MicroRNA-532 as a probable diagnostic and therapeutic marker in cancer patients. Mutat Res 2024; 829:111874. [PMID: 38986233 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2024.111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The high mortality rate in cancer patients is always one of the main challenges of the health systems globally. Several factors are involved in the high rate of cancer related mortality, including late diagnosis and drug resistance. Cancer is mainly diagnosed in the advanced stages of tumor progression that causes the failure of therapeutic strategies and increases the death rate in these patients. Therefore, assessment of the molecular mechanisms associated with the occurrence of cancer can be effective to introduce early tumor diagnostic markers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as the stable non-coding RNAs in the biological body fluids are involved in regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. MiR-532 deregulation has been reported in different tumor types. Therefore, in the present review we discussed the role of miR-532 during tumor growth. It has been shown that miR-532 has mainly a tumor suppressor role through the regulation of transcription factors, chemokines, and signaling pathways such as NF-kB, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and WNT. In addition to the independent role of miR-532 in regulation of cellular processes, it also functions as a mediator of lncRNAs and circRNAs. Therefore, miR-532 can be considered as a non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Lotfi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Hamidi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Meng B, Wang P, Zhao C, Yin G, Meng X, Li L, Cai S, Yan C. Long non-coding RNA LINC00565 regulates ADAM19 expression through sponging microRNA-532-3p, thereby facilitating clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:474-484. [PMID: 38149560 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-23-00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proven by publications, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Although lncRNA LINC00565 has been implicated in the progression of various cancers, its biological effects on ccRCC remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the biological functions of LINC00565, as well as its potential mechanism in ccRCC. Here, the expression data of mature microRNAs (miRNAs) (normal: 71, tumor: 545), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and lncRNAs (normal: 72, tumor: 539) of ccRCC were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and subjected to differential expression analysis. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyzed the expression levels of LINC00565, miR-532-3p, and ADAM19 mRNA. TCGA database, dual-luciferase report detection, and Argonaute 2 RNA immunoprecipitation were utilized to confirm the relationships between LINC00565 and miR-532-3p and between miR-532-3p and ADAM19, respectively. The progression of ccRCC cells was determined via CCK-8, colony formation, scratch healing, and transwell assays. Western blot was applied to detect the protein levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and ADAM19. We herein suggested that LINC00565 was prominently upregulated in ccRCC tissues and cells. Knockdown of LINC00565 repressed cell progression. We further predicted and validated miR-532-3p as a target of LINC00565, and miR-532-3p could target ADAM19. Knockdown of LINC00565 resulted in ADAM19 level downregulation in ccRCC cells and suppressed miR-532-3p could restore ADAM19 level. Thus, the three RNAs constructed a ceRNA network. Overexpressed ADAM19 could eliminate the anticancer effects caused by knocking down LINC00565 on ccRCC cells. In conclusion, LINC00565 upregulated ADAM19 via absorbing miR-532-3p, thereby facilitating the progression of ccRCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Meng
- Department of Urology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Urology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Chaofei Zhao
- Department of Urology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Guangwei Yin
- Department of Urology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Urology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Urology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Shengyong Cai
- Department of Urology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Chengquan Yan
- Department of Urology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
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Tu C, Liu B, Li C, Feng C, Wang H, Zhang H, He S, Li Z. Integrative analysis of TROAP with molecular features, carcinogenesis, and related immune and pharmacogenomic characteristics in soft tissue sarcoma. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e369. [PMID: 37731946 PMCID: PMC10507284 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is an uncommon malignancy that often carries a grim prognosis. Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) is augmented in a variety of tumors and can affect tumor proliferation. Nevertheless, the prognostic value and specific functions of TROAP in STS are still vague. Herein, we display that TROAP exhibits an augmented trend in STS, and its elevation correlates with a poor prognosis of STS. Furthermore, its reduction is related to increased immune cell infiltration, enhanced stroma, and elevation of immune activation. Meanwhile, the TROAP-derived genomic signature is validated to predict patient prognosis, immunotherapy, and drug response reliably. A nomogram constructed based on age, metastatic status, and a TROAP-derived risk score of an STS individual could be used to quantify the survival probability of STS. In addition, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that TROAP is overexpressed in STS, and the downregulation of TROAP could affect the proliferation, migration, metastasis, and cell cycle of STS cells. In summary, the TROAP expression is elevated in STS tissues and cells, which is related to the poor prognosis and malignant biological behaviors of STS. It could act as a potential prognostic biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized MedicineThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South UniversityGuangdongChina
| | - Binfeng Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized MedicineThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chenbei Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized MedicineThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chengyao Feng
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized MedicineThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized MedicineThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of OncologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Shasha He
- Department of OncologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized MedicineThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South UniversityGuangdongChina
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Al-Rashidi RR, Noraldeen SAM, Kareem AK, Mahmoud AK, Kadhum WR, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Iswanto AH, Obaid RF, Jalil AT, Mustafa YF, Nabavi N, Wang Y, Wang L. Malignant function of nuclear factor-kappaB axis in prostate cancer: Molecular interactions and regulation by non-coding RNAs. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106775. [PMID: 37075872 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Prostate carcinoma is a malignant situation that arises from genomic alterations in the prostate, leading to changes in tumorigenesis. The NF-κB pathway modulates various biological mechanisms, including inflammation and immune responses. Dysregulation of NF-κB promotes carcinogenesis, including increased proliferation, invasion, and therapy resistance. As an incurable disease globally, prostate cancer is a significant health concern, and research into genetic mutations and NF-κB function has the efficacy to facilitate the introduction of novel therapies. NF-κB upregulation is observed during prostate cancer progression, resulting in increased cell cycle progression and proliferation rates. Additionally, NF-κB endorses resistance to cell death and enhances the capacity for metastasis, particularly bone metastasis. Overexpression of NF-κB triggers chemoresistance and radio-resistance, and inhibition of NF-κB by anti-tumor compounds can reduce cancer progression. Interestingly, non-coding RNA transcripts can regulate NF-κB level and its nuclear transfer, offering a potential avenue for modulating prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Kamil Kareem
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Iraq
| | | | - Wesam R Kadhum
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Kut 52001, Wasit, Iraq
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador; University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Colombia
| | - Acim Heri Iswanto
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rasha Fadhel Obaid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6 Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6 Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, V5Z1L3 Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Wang J, Wan H, Mi Y, Wu S, Li J, Zhu L. TROAP Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Metastasis of Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma with the Help of STAT3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9658. [PMID: 37298609 PMCID: PMC10253451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a subtype of renal cell carcinoma that threatens human health. The mechanism by which the trophinin-associated protein (TROAP)-an important oncogenic factor-functions in KIRC has not been studied. This study investigated the specific mechanism by which TROAP functions in KIRC. TROAP expression in KIRC was analyzed using the RNAseq dataset from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) online database. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the expression of this gene from clinical data. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for the survival analysis of KIRC. The expression level of TROAP mRNA in the cells was detected using qRT-PCR. The proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle of KIRC were detected using Celigo, MTT, wound healing, cell invasion assay, and flow cytometry. A mouse subcutaneous xenograft experiment was designed to demonstrate the effect of TROAP expression on KIRC growth in vivo. To further investigate the regulatory mechanism of TROAP, we performed co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) and shotgun liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). TCGA-related bioinformatics analysis showed that TROAP was significantly overexpressed in KIRC tissues and was related to higher T and pathological stages, and a poor prognosis. The inhibition of TROAP expression significantly reduced the proliferation of KIRC, affected the cell cycle, promoted cell apoptosis, and reduced cell migration and invasion. The subcutaneous xenograft experiments showed that the size and weight of the tumors in mice were significantly reduced after TROAP-knockdown. CO-IP and post-mass spectrometry bioinformatics analyses revealed that TROAP may combine with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to achieve tumor progression in KIRC; this was verified by functional recovery experiments. TROAP may regulate KIRC proliferation, migration, and metastasis by binding to STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China (Y.M.)
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hongyuan Wan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China (Y.M.)
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China (Y.M.)
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China (Y.M.)
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China (Y.M.)
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Wang K, Chen Z, Qiao X, Zheng J. LncRNA NORAD regulates the mechanism of the miR-532-3p/Nectin-4 axis in pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:425-432. [PMID: 37397924 PMCID: PMC10311138 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgound Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, and cell proliferation and angiogenesis play an important role in its occurrence and development. High levels of lncRNANORAD have been detected in many tumors, including PC, yet the effect and mechanism of lncRNA NORAD on PC cell angiogenesis are unexplored. Methods qRT.PCR was applied to quantify lncRNA NORAD and miR-532-3p expression in PC cells, and a dual luciferase reporter gene was used to verify the targeting effects of NORAD, miR-532-3p and Nectin-4. Then, we regulated NORAD and miR-532-3p expression in PC cells and detected their effects on PC cell proliferation and angiogenesis using cloning experiments and HUVEC tube formation experiments. Results LncRNA NORAD was upregulated and miR-532-3p was downregulated in PC cells compared with normal cells. Knockdown of NORAD inhibited PC cell proliferation and angiogenesis. LncRNA NORAD and miR-532-3p competitively bound to promote the expression of the miR-532-3p target gene Nectin-4, thereby promoting proliferation and angiogenesis of PC cells in vitro. Conclusion LncRNA NORAD promotes the proliferation and angiogenesis of PC cells by regulating the miR-532-3p/Nectin-4 axis, which may be a potential biological target in the diagnosis and treatment of clinical PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, No.19, Xiuhua Road, Haikou, Hainan Province 570311, China
| | - Zhiju Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan Provincial People’s Hospital, No.19, Xiuhua Road, Haikou, Hainan Province 570311, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, No.19, Xiuhua Road, Haikou, Hainan Province 570311, China
| | - Jinfang Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, No.19, Xiuhua Road, Haikou, Hainan Province 570311, China
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Wang K, Gong D, Qiao X, Zheng J. MiR-532-3p inhibited the methylation of SOCS2 to suppress the progression of PC by targeting DNMT3A. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201703. [PMID: 37085288 PMCID: PMC10128082 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest malignancies, with poor diagnosis and prognosis. miR-532-3p has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in various cancers, whereas the mechanism of miR-532-3p in the progression of PC remains poorly understood. In this study, it was found that miR-532-3p and SOCS2 were down-regulated, whereas DNMT3A was up-regulated in PC. Knockdown of DNMT3A or overexpression of miR-532-3p suppressed PC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, as well as tumor formation in nude mice. DNMT3A induced the methylation of SOCS2 promoter. SOCS2 knockdown reversed the inhibiting effect of DNMT3A silencing on PC cell growth. miR-532-3p directly bound to DNMT3A and negatively regulated its expression while up-regulating SOCS2 levels. DNMT3A overexpression reversed the inhibiting effect of miR-532-3p overexpression on PC cell growth. In conclusion, the overexpression of miR-532-3p could suppress proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC cells, as well as tumor formation in nude mice through inhibiting the methylation of SOCS2 by targeting DNMT3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hainan General Hospital http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hainan General Hospital http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hainan General Hospital http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hainan General Hospital http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665, Haikou, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Cheng X, Xi P, Zhang Z, Sun T, Gong B. Bioinformatic analysis highlights SNHG6 as a putative prognostic biomarker for kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma. BMC Urol 2023; 23:54. [PMID: 37004005 PMCID: PMC10067223 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy and current systemic therapeutic strategies are difficult to achieve a satisfactory outcome for advanced disease. Meanwhile, there is a lack of effective biomarkers to predict the prognosis of KIRP. METHODS Using TCGA, GTEx, UALCAN, TIMER, TIMER 2.0 and STRING databases, we analyzed the relationship of SNHG6 with KIRP subtypes, tumor-infiltrating immune cells and potential target mRNAs. Based on TCGA data, ROC curves, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and COX regression analysis were performed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of SNHG6 in KIRP. Nomogram was used to predict 3- and 5-year disease-specific survival in KIRP patients. In addition, with the help of Genetic ontology and Gene set enrichment analysis, the biological processes and signalling pathways that SNHG6 may be involved in KIRP were initially explored. RESULTS In patients with KIRP, SNHG6 was significantly upregulated and associated with a more aggressive subtype (lymph node involvement, pathological stage IV, CIMP phenotype) and poor prognosis. The ROC curve showed good diagnostic efficacy (AUC value: 0.828) and the C-index of the Nomogram for predicting DSS at 3 and 5 years was 0.920 (0.898-0.941). In the immune microenvironment of KIRP, SNHG6 expression levels were negatively correlated with macrophage abundance and positively correlated with cancer-associated fibroblasts. Furthermore, SNHG6 may promote KIRP progression by regulating the expression of molecules such as AURKB, NDC80, UBE2C, NUF2, PTTG1, CENPH, SPC25, CDCA3, CENPM, BIRC5, TROAP, EZH2. Last, GSEA suggests that SNHG6 may be involved in the regulation of the PPAR signalling pathway and the SLIT/ROBO signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that a high SNHG6 expression status in KIRP is associated with a poorer prognosis for patients, and also elucidates some potential mechanisms contributing to this poorer outcome. This may provide new insights into the treatment and management of KIRP in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Xi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Binbin Gong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Li Z, Pu Z, Yang Z, Zhu Y, Deng Y, Li N, Peng F. Pan-cancer analysis of trophinin-associated protein with potential implications in clinical significance, prognosis, and tumor microenvironment in human cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:971618. [PMID: 36419876 PMCID: PMC9677944 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.971618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP), a cytoplasmic protein, is essential for microtubule cytoskeleton assembly. Mounting evidence demonstrates the vital role of TROAP in regulating the proliferation and migration of cells, but it is unclear how it contributes to cancer progression. METHODS The online portals of GEPIA2, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, UALCAN, Human Protein Atlas, and PrognoScan were used to analyze TROAP expression in various tumors and further evaluate its correlation with prognosis. With Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR analysis, we validated TROAP expression levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Ten pairs of HCC and CRC tissues were selected for immunohistochemistry to determine TROAP expression levels in tumors and adjacent tissues, respectively. TROAP knockdown in CRC and HCC cells to verify its role in malignant phenotypes. The genomic and post-transcriptional alterations of TROAP in tumors were determined using the cBioPortal and SangerBox databases. Also, TISIDB was used to investigate the relationship between TROAP expression and tumor microenvironment(TME) among different cancer types. Moreover, a correlation was found between the expression of TROAP and drug sensitivity using GSCALite and CellMiner databases. RESULTS TROAP expression was significantly upregulated in most cancer types, which is consistent with our validated experimental results in HCC and CRC cells, and immunohistochemistry results. And a poor prognosis was linked to TROAP aberrant expression. Our findings indicated that malignant phenotypes and tumorigenesis induced by TROAP could be due to an activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Furthermore, we found a correlation between TROAP expression and genomic and post-transcriptional alterations in various tumors, including tumor mutation burden, and microsatellite instability. Next, we demonstrated that TROAP expression was associated with the infiltration of immune cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, and correlated with immunomodulation-related genes in the TME. Additionally, the potential role of TROAP expression in predicting the sensitivity of drugs, including melphalan and chlorambucil, was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings indicated a significant correlation between TROAP expression and malignant phenotype, functional mechanism, survival possibility, TME, therapeutic potential, and prediction of drug sensitivity in various cancers. Hence, TROAP is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for predicting cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfen Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangya Pu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyue Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Department of Scientific Research Management, Ningxiang People’s Hospital, Hunan University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxiang, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Xue C, Gu X, Zhao Y, Jia J, Zheng Q, Su Y, Bao Z, Lu J, Li L. Prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis and immunotherapeutic effects based on tryptophan metabolism-related genes. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:308. [PMID: 36217206 PMCID: PMC9552452 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background L-tryptophan (Trp) metabolism involved in mediating tumour development and immune suppression. However, comprehensive analysis of the role of the Trp metabolism pathway is still a challenge. Methods We downloaded Trp metabolism-related genes’ expression data from different public databases, including TCGA, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Database (HCCDB). And we identified two metabolic phenotypes using the ConsensusClusterPlus package. Univariate regression analysis and lasso Cox regression analysis were used to establish a risk model. CIBERSORT and Tracking of Indels by DEcomposition (TIDE) analyses were adopted to assess the infiltration abundance of immune cells and tumour immune escape. Results We identified two metabolic phenotypes, and patients in Cluster 2 (C2) had a better prognosis than those in Cluster 1 (C1). The distribution of clinical features between the metabolic phenotypes showed that patients in C1 tended to have higher T stage, stage, grade, and death probability than those of patients in C2. Additionally, we screened 739 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the C1 and C2. We generated a ten-gene risk model based on the DEGs, and the area under the curve (AUC) values of the risk model for predicting overall survival. Patients in the low-risk subgroup tended to have a significantly longer overall survival than that of those in the high-risk group. Moreover, univariate analysis indicated that the risk model was significantly correlated with overall survival. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk model remained an independent risk factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (p < 0.0001). Conclusions We identified two metabolic phenotypes based on genes of the Trp metabolism pathway, and we established a risk model that could be used for predicting prognosis and guiding immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02730-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yalei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjun Jia
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuxian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanshuai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhu J, Wang J, Wang T, Zhou H, Xu M, Zha J, Feng C, Shen Z, Jiang Y, Chen J. Identification of molecular subtypes, risk signature, and immune landscape mediated by necroptosis-related genes in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:955186. [PMID: 35965497 PMCID: PMC9367639 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.955186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with an extremely high mortality rate. Necroptosis is a programmed cell death mode mediated by three major mediators, RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, and has been shown to play a role in various cancers. To date, the effect of necroptosis on NSCLC remains unclear.MethodsIn The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, we downloaded transcriptomes of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and their corresponding clinicopathological parameters. We performed multi-omics analysis using consensus clustering based on the expression levels of 40 necroptosis-related genes. We constructed prognostic risk models and used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, nomograms, and survival analysis to evaluate prognostic models.ResultsWith the use of consensus clustering analysis, two distinct subtypes of necroptosis were identified based on different mRNA expression levels, and cluster B was found to have a better survival advantage. Correlation results showed that necroptosis was significantly linked with clinical features, overall survival (OS) rate, and immune infiltration. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis confirmed that these differential genes were valuable in various cellular and biological functions and were significantly enriched in various pathways such as the P53 signaling pathway and cell cycle. We further identified three genomic subtypes and found that gene cluster B patients had better prognostic value. Multivariate Cox analysis identified the 14 best prognostic genes for constructing prognostic risk models. The high-risk group was found to have a poor prognosis. The construction of nomograms and ROC curves showed stable validity in prognostic prediction. There were also significant differences in tumor immune microenvironment, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and drug sensitivity between the two risk groups. The results demonstrate that the 14 genes constructed in this prognostic risk model were used as tumor prognostic biomarkers to guide immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Finally, we used qRT-PCR to validate the genes involved in the signature.ConclusionThis study promotes our new understanding of necroptosis in the tumor microenvironment of NSCLC, mines prognostic biomarkers, and provides a potential value for guiding immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinjie Wang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiliang Zha
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zihao Shen
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Jianle Chen, ; Yun Jiang,
| | - Jianle Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Jianle Chen, ; Yun Jiang,
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Ivanova E, Gilyazova I, Pavlov V, Izmailov A, Gimalova G, Karunas A, Prokopenko I, Khusnutdinova E. MicroRNA Processing Pathway-Based Polygenic Score for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Volga-Ural Region Populations of Eurasian Continent. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071281. [PMID: 35886064 PMCID: PMC9324265 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The polygenic scores (PGSs) are developed to help clinicians in distinguishing individuals at high risk of developing disease outcomes from the general population. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a complex disorder that involves numerous biological pathways, one of the most important of which is responsible for the microRNA biogenesis machinery. Here, we defined the biological-pathway-specific PGS in a case-control study of ccRCC in the Volga-Ural region of the Eurasia continent. We evaluated 28 DNA SNP variants, located in microRNA biogenesis genes, in 464 individuals with clinically diagnosed ccRCC and 1042 individuals without the disease. Individual genetic risks were defined using the SNP-variant effects derived from the ccRCC association analysis. The final weighted and unweighted PGS models were based on 21 SNPs, and 7 SNPs were excluded due to high LD. In our dataset, microRNA-machinery-weighted PGS revealed 1.69-fold higher odds (95% CI [1.51–1.91]) for ccRCC risk in individuals with ccRCC compared with controls with a p-value of 2.0 × 10−16. The microRNA biogenesis pathway weighted PGS predicted the risk of ccRCC with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.642 (95%nCI [0.61–0.67]). Our findings indicate that DNA variants of microRNA machinery genes modulate the risk of ccRCC in Volga-Ural populations. Moreover, larger powerful genome-wide association studies are needed to reveal a wider range of genetic variants affecting microRNA processing. Biological-pathway-based PGSs will advance the development of innovative screening systems for future stratified medicine approaches in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Ivanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.I.); (G.G.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Irina Gilyazova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.I.); (G.G.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia; (V.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Adel Izmailov
- Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia; (V.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Galiya Gimalova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.I.); (G.G.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Alexandra Karunas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.I.); (G.G.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
- UMR 8199—EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.I.); (G.G.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
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Li Y, Meng F, Sui C, Wang Y, Cheng D. CircWHSC1 expedites cervical cancer progression via miR-532-3p/LTBP2 axis. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1669-1679. [PMID: 35235125 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated circRNAs have potential roles in the progression of various cancer types, including cervical cancer (CaCx). The carcinogenic roles of circRNA Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate gene-1 (circWHSC1) are described in the development of diverse cancers. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and the underlying role of circWHSC1 in CaCx. The expression of circWHSC1 was detected by real-time PCR. After the suppression of circWHSC1 expression, the changes in the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis capacities were detected by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, Transwell assays, flow cytometry, and the determination of apoptosis-related proteins. The interplay among circWHSC1, miR-532-3p, and latent transforming growth factor-β binding protein 2 (LTBP2) was confirmed by luciferase reporter and biotinylated RNA pull-down assays. A nude mice xenograft tumor model was established to evaluate the anti-tumorigenic role of circWHSC1 silencing in vivo. CircWHSC1 was overexpressed in CaCx tissues and cell lines and its high expression was inversely associated with the survival rate of patients with CaCx. CircWHSC1 silencing was capable of suppressing the proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of tumor cells and inducing apoptosis. Investigation to its molecular mechanism revealed that circWHSC1 functioned as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), mediating LTBP2 expression by targeting miR-532-3p. The in vivo experiments further confirmed the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by circWHSC1 knockdown. The circWHSC1-mediated miR-532-3p/LTBP2 signaling axis might be a novel therapeutic target for CaCx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Fandong Meng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chengguang Sui
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Dali Cheng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China.
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