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Demir B, Demir S, Wickens CM, Hoseinzadeh Nooshabadi M, Rodak T, Donmez B. Exploring the Behaviour Change Wheel and the Theoretical Domains Framework in interventions for mobile phone driver distraction: A scoping review. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 195:107369. [PMID: 38061292 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phone use while driving remains a significant traffic safety concern. Although numerous interventions have been developed to address it, there is a gap in the synthesis of relevant information through a comprehensive behaviour change lens. This scoping review uses the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to examine the literature to (a) identify behavioural constructs targeted in interventions for mobile phone use while driving, (b) determine if the intervention success varied by sociodemographic group (e.g., age, gender, driving experience), and (c) map interventions to TDF domains to highlight areas for future research. Following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, we searched seven databases and identified 5,202 articles. After screening, 50 articles detailing 56 studies met the following inclusion criteria: (a) intervention studies, (b) providing details on methods and results, (c) written in English, and (d) targeting any driver behaviour related to mobile phone use while driving with a bottom-up approach, using not regulation or law enforcement, but individuals' psychological processes, such as cognitive, behavioural, and emotional. Findings show that most interventions targeted young drivers and were typically effective. Except for a few studies, the effectiveness of interventions targeting different sociodemographic groups either remained untested or revealed nonsignificant differences. This finding points to a gap in the literature, indicating a need for further investigation into the efficacy of interventions for different groups, and for tailoring and testing them accordingly. The interventions also often targeted multiple TDF domains, complicating the interpretation of the relative efficacy of specific domains. Most frequently targeted domains included beliefs and consequences, emotions, knowledge, social influence, social/professional role and identity, and behavioural regulation. Physical skills and optimism domains were not targeted in any intervention. Further, almost all interventions addressed deliberate engagement in mobile phone distractions, while the automatic and fast processes involved in such behaviours were often overlooked. Mobile phone distractions are in part habitual behaviours, yet the existing mitigation efforts mostly assumed intentional engagement. More focus on the habitual nature of mobile phone distractions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basar Demir
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Final International University, Kyrenia via Mersin 10, Türkiye.
| | - Sila Demir
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Final International University, Kyrenia via Mersin 10, Türkiye; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto ON M5S 2S1, Canada.
| | - Christine M Wickens
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto ON M5S 2S1, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Mehdi Hoseinzadeh Nooshabadi
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Terri Rodak
- CAMH Library, Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Birsen Donmez
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
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Vuong KA, Lewis I, Vallmuur K, Watson A. Identifying foci for safety messages targeting child injury from driving quad bikes: A critical beliefs analysis of parental beliefs in Australia. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2023; 85:429-435. [PMID: 37330893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Australia, between 2017-2021, 16% of quad bike fatalities involved children. Trauma statistics highlight that public awareness of the risks associated with children driving quads is required. Consistent with the Step approach to Message Design and Testing (SatMDT) and, in particular, Steps 1 and 2, this study sought to identify critical beliefs influencing parental intentions to allow their children to drive a quad bike and develop message content. The critical beliefs analysis was based on eliciting the Theory of Planned Behavior's (TPB) behavioral, normative, and control beliefs. METHODS An online survey was distributed via parenting blogs, social media posts, and snowballing of the researchers' network list. Parents who participated (N = 71; 53F, 18 M), were aged between 25-57 years (M = 40.96, SD = 6.98), had at least one child aged between 3 to 16 years, and currently resided in Australia. RESULTS The critical beliefs analysis identified four critical beliefs that significantly predicted parental intentions to allow their child to drive a quad bike. These beliefs included a behavioral belief (the perceived advantage that allowing their child to drive a quad bike would enable tasks to be completed), two normative beliefs (the perception that one's parents and partner would likely approve of allowing their child to drive a quad bike), and one control belief (a perceived barrier to allowing one's child to drive a quad that was associated with being aware of an increasing cultural concern around the safety of quad bikes). CONCLUSIONS Findings contribute to insights regarding parental beliefs underpinning their intention to allow their child to drive a quad bike, an area previously lacking in research evidence. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS With child-use posing a high-risk activity for children, this study provides an important contribution that may help to inform future safety messaging targeting children's use of quad bikes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Vuong
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Ioni Lewis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Kirsten Vallmuur
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation (AusHSI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia; Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital (RBWH), Metro North Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - Angela Watson
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation (AusHSI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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Alordiah CO, Osagiede MA, Omumu FC, Okokoyo IE, Emiko-Agbajor HT, Chenube O, Oji J. Awareness, knowledge, and utilisation of online digital tools for literature review in educational research. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12669. [PMID: 36685393 PMCID: PMC9853311 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an inequality in developed and developing countries' research output in highly reputable databases. One way to reduce this inequality is to encourage researchers in developing countries to use online digital tools. This article examines the contribution of lecturers' awareness and knowledge to utilising the free online digital tools (FODT) available for literature review in the field of education. A correlation research approach involving 180 academic staff in tertiary institutions in southern Nigeria was adopted, using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. A structured questionnaire elicited the participants' awareness, knowledge, and utilisation of the free online digital tools available for literature review. The findings indicate a low level of awareness, knowledge, and utilisation of the FODT. The two regression models revealed that the lecturers' level of awareness and knowledge accounted for significant contributions to the level of the lecturers' utilisation of the FODT. These results demonstrate a link between lecturers' level of awareness and knowledge to their utilisation of the FODT. It was recommended that stakeholders in research and education create awareness of the availability of these FODTs, carry out workshops on how to use them and replicate this study in other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ochuko Alordiah
- Department of Science Education, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria,Corresponding author.;
| | - Mercy Afe Osagiede
- Department of Science Education, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Florence Chiedu Omumu
- Department of Arts and Social Sciences Education, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - O. Chenube
- Department of Arts and Social Sciences Education, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - John Oji
- Department of Science Education, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria
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Kaviani F, Young KL, Koppel S. Deterring illegal smartphone use while driving: Are perceptions of risk information associated with the impact of informal sanctions? ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2022; 168:106611. [PMID: 35183918 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advertising campaigns have used threat appeals to increase the perceptions of risk associated with dangerous driving behaviours. Building on recent research that suggests increasing the pertinence of informal sanctions (sense of guilt, fear of peer disapproval, or fear of hurting oneself and others) decreases the likelihood of illegal smartphone engagement while driving, this study aimed to determine if perceptions of risk information, that is, how effective drivers believe the information is in deterring their illegal use, is associated with perceptions of informal sanctions. An online survey of 1027 Victorians who self-reported illegal smartphone use while driving asked participants to rate the personal deterrent effectiveness of five types of risks associated with illegal smartphone use while driving. A hierarchical linear regression model explored the associations between the most effective risks and each informal sanction. Female drivers were more likely than male drivers to experience guilt, fear of social loss and fear of physical loss when using their smartphones illegally. More frequent illegal smartphone engagement while driving was associated with decreased impact of informal sanctions. Female drivers were more likely than male drivers to perceive each risk as effective. The most effective piece of information was, "Contributes to 16% of Victorian road deaths and serious injuries annually"; it was also the least known (32.7% males, 26.7% females). This message, alongside, "Increases risk of a crash comparable to those associated with driving under the influence of alcohol or cannabis" and, "A 2 s glance at your phone while driving at 50 km/h effectively means driving blind for 27 m", were associated with stronger perceptions of guilt, fear of peer disapproval, or fear of hurting oneself and others when thinking about using a smartphone illegally while driving. These results suggest tailoring and targeting these specific risk information may be effective in deterring illegal smartphone use while driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kaviani
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Australia.
| | - K L Young
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Australia
| | - S Koppel
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Australia
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Targeting Smartphone Use While Driving: Drivers’ Reactions to Different Types of Safety Messages. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132313241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Only a few previous studies analyzed the effectiveness of road safety messages targeting smartphone use while driving and only several of them used messages from an ongoing road safety campaign. Thus, contributing to the field, this study aimed at testing the effectiveness of two types of social messages (threat appeal and threat appeal together with safe behavior role modelling) targeting smartphone use while driving. Ninety-three drivers were randomly assigned to two experimental (n1 = 26; n2 = 37) and one control (n = 29) groups. Each experimental group was presented with one 30 s length video message to reduce or stop smartphone use while driving. Messages differed in terms of threat appeal and modelling of safe behavior. The control group was presented with a 30 s length video clip showing neutral driving related content. The results revealed that threat appeals (alone or together with a safe role model) resulted in less positive emotions when compared to the control group’s reported emotional reactions. The message with threat appeal only also resulted in more negative emotions compared to the control group. With regards to behavioral intentions, road safety messages used in this study had minor effectiveness: the threat appeal message reduced the intentions to use smartphones while driving, only when previous behavior has been controlled. In sum, messages targeting smartphone use while driving were effective at least to some extent in changing drivers’ emotions and intentions not to be involved in targeted behavior, but the effect was minor and threat appeal only showed higher effectiveness.
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Pammer K, Freire M, Gauld C, Towney N. Keeping Safe on Australian Roads: Overview of Key Determinants of Risky Driving, Passenger Injury, and Fatalities for Indigenous Populations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052446. [PMID: 33801405 PMCID: PMC7967563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social and cultural barriers associated with inequitable access to driver licensing and associated road safety education, as well as socioeconomic issues that preclude ongoing vehicle maintenance and registration, result in unsafe in-car behaviours such as passenger overcrowding. This in turn is associated with improper seatbelt usage, noncompliance with child restraint mandates, and driver distraction. For example, in Australia, where seatbelt use is mandatory, Indigenous road users are three times less likely to wear seatbelts than non-Indigenous road users. This is associated with a disproportionately high fatality rate for Indigenous drivers and passengers; 21% of Indigenous motor-vehicle occupants killed on Australian roads were not wearing a seatbelt at the time of impact. In addition, inequitable access to driver licensing instruction due to financial and cultural barriers results in Indigenous learner drivers having limited access to qualified mentors and instructors. A consequent lack of road safety instruction results in a normalising of risky driving behaviours, perpetuated through successive generations of drivers. Moreover, culturally biased driver instruction manuals, which are contextualised within an English written-language learning framework, fail to accommodate the learning needs of Indigenous peoples who may encounter difficulties with English literacy. This results in difficulty understanding the fundamental road rules, which in turn makes it difficult for young drivers to develop and sustain safe in-car behaviours. This paper considers the literature regarding road safety for Indigenous road users and critically evaluates strategies and policies that have been advanced to protect Indigenous drivers. Novel solutions to increasing road safety rule compliance are proposed, particularly in relation to passenger safety, which are uniquely embedded within Indigenous ways of knowing, being, and doing. Safe driving practices have crucial health and social implications for Indigenous communities by allowing more Indigenous people to participate in work and education opportunities, access healthcare, maintain cultural commitments, and engage with families and friends, qualities which are essential for ongoing health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Pammer
- The School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.F.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-1249-217-980
| | - Melissa Freire
- The School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Cassandra Gauld
- The School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Nathan Towney
- Vice-Chancellor’s Division, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
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