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Kaczorowska MA. The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions-A Mini Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:839. [PMID: 37888011 PMCID: PMC10608305 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The systematic increase in the use of rare earth elements (REEs) in various technologically advanced products around the world (e.g., in electronic devices), the growing amount of waste generated by the use of high-tech materials, and the limited resources of naturally occurring REE ores resulted in an intensive search for effective and environmentally safe methods for recovering these elements. Among these methods, techniques based on the application of various types of liquid membranes (LMs) play an important role, primarily due to their high efficiency, the simplicity of membrane formation and use, the utilization of only small amounts of environmentally hazardous reagents, and the possibility of simultaneous extraction and back-extraction and reusing the membranes after regeneration. However, because both primary and secondary sources (e.g., waste) of REEs are usually complex and contain a wide variety of components, and the selectivity and efficiency of LMs depend on many factors (e.g., the composition and form of the membrane, nature of the recovered ions, composition of the feed and stripping phases, etc.), new membranes are being developed that are "tailored" to the properties of the recovered rare earth elements and to the character of the solution in which they occur. This review describes the latest achievements (since 2019) related to the recovery of a range of REEs with the use of various liquid membranes (supported liquid membranes (SLMs), emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs), and polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs)), with particular emphasis on methods that fall within the trend of eco-friendly solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata A Kaczorowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, PL 85326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Kumar R, Dhiman S, Gupta H. Indium extraction from nitrate medium using Cyphos ionic liquid 104 and its mathematical modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:107341-107349. [PMID: 36574124 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The treatment and recovery of pollutants in aquatic system is one of the greatest challenges for environmentalists throughout the world. In this study, solvent extraction of indium using phosphonium ionic liquid (Cyphos IL 104) as an extractant and its mathematical model was proposed for prediction of In(III) ion transport across a FSSLM (flat-sheet-supported liquid membrane). Solvent extraction experiments on indium have been carried out under various experimental conditions in order to assert some fundamental parameters using mathematical analysis for mass transfer process. Diffusion is the process which facilitates metal ion transport across liquid membrane, indicating the applicability of Fick's law of diffusion in model formulation. The influence of different parameters like composition of diluent, feed acidity, and ligand concentration on In(III) ion transport rate has been reported. At different extractant concentrations, the modeling outputs and experimental indium extraction were observed to be in reasonably good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, Moradabad, India
| | - Soniya Dhiman
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, Moradabad, India.
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Kostanyan AE, Voshkin AA, Belova VV, Zakhodyaeva YA. Modelling and Comparative Analysis of Different Methods of Liquid Membrane Separations. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:554. [PMID: 37367758 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This article is devoted to a brief review of the modelling of liquid membrane separation methods, such as emulsion, supported liquid membranes, film pertraction, and three-phase and multi-phase extraction. Mathematical models and comparative analyses of liquid membrane separations with different flow modes of contacting liquid phases are presented. A comparison of the processes of conventional and liquid membrane separations is carried out under the following assumptions: mass transfer is described by the traditional mass transfer equation; the equilibrium distribution coefficients of a component passing from one of the phases to another are constant. It is shown that, from the point of view of mass transfer driving forces, emulsion and film pertraction liquid membrane methods have advantages over the conventional conjugated extraction stripping method, when the mass-transfer efficiency of the extraction stage is significantly higher than the efficiency of the stripping stage. The comparison of the supported liquid membrane with conjugated extraction stripping showed that when mass-transfer rates on the extraction and stripping sides are different, the liquid membrane method is more efficient, while when they are equal to each other, both processes demonstrate the same results. The advantages and disadvantages of liquid membrane methods are discussed. The main disadvantages of liquid membrane methods-low throughput and complexity-can be overcome by using modified solvent extraction equipment to carry out liquid membrane separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artak E Kostanyan
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninskii pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Voshkin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninskii pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera V Belova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninskii pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A Zakhodyaeva
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninskii pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Wang Y, Wang P, Xie H, Tan M, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Mechanistic investigation of intensified separation of molybdenum(VI) and vanadium(V) using polymer inclusion membrane electrodialysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 456:131671. [PMID: 37236110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The main challenge in separating molybdenum(VI) and vanadium(V) which have similar properties results in great difficulties in the green recycling of hazardous spent catalysts. Here, selective facilitating transport and stripping are integrated into the polymer inclusion membrane electrodialysis process (PIMED) to separate Mo(VI) and V(V) to overcome the complicated co-extraction and stepwise-stripping in conventional solvent extraction. The influences of various parameters, the selective transport mechanism, and respective activation parameters were systematically investigated. Results revealed that the affinity of the Aliquat 36 as the carrier and PVDF-HFP as the base polymer of PIM towards Mo(VI) is stronger than that of V(V), while the strong interaction between Mo(VI) and carrier caused low migration through the membrane. By the combination of adjusting and controlling the electric density and strip acidity, the interaction was destroyed and the transport was facilitated. After optimization, stripping efficiencies of Mo(VI) and V (V) increased from 44.4% to 93.1% and reduced from 31.9% to 1.8%, respectively, while their separation coefficient increased 16.3 times to 333.4. The activation energy, enthalpy and entropy for the transport of Mo(VI) were determined to be 4.846 kJ mol-1, 6.745 kJ mol-1 and - 310.838 J mol-1 K-1, respectively. The present work demonstrates that the separation of similar metal ions could be improved by fine tuning the affinity and interaction between metal ions and the PIM, thus providing new insights into the recycling of similar metal ions from secondary resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Wang
- Shandong Engineering Research Centre for Pollution Control and Resource Valorization in Chemical Industry, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shandong Engineering Research Centre for Pollution Control and Resource Valorization in Chemical Industry, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Huihui Xie
- Shandong Engineering Research Centre for Pollution Control and Resource Valorization in Chemical Industry, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ming Tan
- Shandong Engineering Research Centre for Pollution Control and Resource Valorization in Chemical Industry, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemical Processing Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shandong Engineering Research Centre for Pollution Control and Resource Valorization in Chemical Industry, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Centre for Pollution Control and Resource Valorization in Chemical Industry, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China.
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Kostanyan AE, Belova VV, Zakhodyaeva YA, Voshkin AA. Extraction of Copper from Sulfuric Acid Solutions Based on Pseudo-Liquid Membrane Technology. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:418. [PMID: 37103845 PMCID: PMC10146385 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pseudo-liquid membranes are extraction devices in which a liquid membrane phase is retained in an apparatus consisting of two interconnected chambers while feed and stripping phases pass through the stationary liquid membrane phase as mobile phases. The organic phase of the liquid membrane sequentially contacts the aqueous phases of the feed and stripping solutions in the extraction and stripping chambers, recirculating between them. This extraction separation method, called multiphase pseudo-liquid membrane extraction, can be implemented using traditional extraction equipment: extraction columns and mixer-settlers. In the first case, the three-phase extraction apparatus consists of two extraction columns connected at the top and bottom by recirculation tubes. In the second case, the three-phase apparatus consists of a recycling close-loop, which includes two mixer-settler extractors. In this study, the extraction of copper from sulfuric acid solutions in two-column three-phase extractors was experimentally studied. A 20% solution of LIX-84 in dodecane was used as the membrane phase in the experiments. It was shown that the extraction of copper from sulfuric acid solutions in the apparatuses studied was controlled by the interfacial area in the extraction chamber. The possibility of the purification of sulfuric acid wastewaters from copper using three-phase extractors is shown. To increase the degree of extraction of metal ions, it is proposed to equip two-column three-phase extractors with perforated vibrating discs. To further increase the efficiency of extraction using the pseudo-liquid membrane method, it is proposed to use multistage processes. The mathematical description of multistage three-phase pseudo-liquid membrane extraction is discussed.
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The Use of Polymer Membranes for the Recovery of Copper, Zinc and Nickel from Model Solutions and Jewellery Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051149. [PMID: 36904389 PMCID: PMC10007522 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A polymeric inclusion membrane (PIM) consisting of matrix CTA (cellulose triacetate), ONPPE (o-nitrophenyl pentyl ether) and phosphonium salts (Cyphos 101, Cyphos 104) was used for separation of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions. Optimum conditions for metal separation were determined, i.e., the optimal concentration of phosphonium salts in the membrane, as well as the optimal concentration of chloride ions in the feeding phase. On the basis of analytical determinations, the values of parameters characterizing transport were calculated. The tested membranes most effectively transported Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions. The highest recovery coefficients (RF) were found for PIMs with Cyphos IL 101. For Cu(II) and Zn(II), they are 92% and 51%, respectively. Ni(II) ions practically remain in the feed phase because they do not form anionic complexes with chloride ions. The obtained results suggest that there is a possibility of using these membranes for separation of Cu(II) over Zn(II) and Ni(II) from acidic chloride solutions. The PIM with Cyphos IL 101 can be used to recover copper and zinc from jewellery waste. The PIMs were characterized by AFM and SEM microscopy. The calculated values of the diffusion coefficient indicate that the boundary stage of the process is the diffusion of the complex salt of the metal ion with the carrier through the membrane.
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Nguyen TT, Huynh TTT, Nguyen NH, Nguyen TH, Tran PH. Recent advances in the application of ionic liquid-modified silica gel in solid-phase extraction. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Kaczorowska MA. The Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes for the Removal of Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions-The Latest Achievements and Potential Industrial Applications: A Review. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1135. [PMID: 36422127 PMCID: PMC9695490 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for environmentally friendly and economical methods of removing toxic metal ions from polluted waters and for the recovery of valuable noble metal ions from various types of waste, which are often treated as their secondary source, has resulted in increased interest in techniques based on the utilization of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs). PIMs are characterized by many advantages (e.g., the possibility of simultaneous extraction and back extraction, excellent stability and high reusability), and can be adapted to the properties of the removed target analyte by appropriate selection of carriers, polymers and plasticizers used for their formulation. However, the selectivity and efficiency of the membrane process depends on many factors (e.g., membrane composition, nature of removed metal ions, composition of aqueous feed solution, etc.), and new membranes are systematically designed to improve these parameters. Numerous studies aimed at improving PIM technology may contribute to the wider use of these methods in the future on an industrial scale, e.g., in wastewater treatment. This review describes the latest achievements related to the removal of various metal ions by PIMs over the past 3 years, with particular emphasis on solutions with potential industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata A Kaczorowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, 85326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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9
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Kostanyan AE, Belova VV, Voshkin AA. Three- and Multi-Phase Extraction as a Tool for the Implementation of Liquid Membrane Separation Methods in Practice. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12100926. [PMID: 36295685 PMCID: PMC9608080 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To promote the implementation of liquid membrane separations in industry, we have previously proposed extraction methods called three- and multi-phase extraction. The three-phase multi-stage extraction is carried out in a cascade of bulk liquid membrane separation stages, each comprising two interconnected (extraction and stripping) chambers. The organic liquid membrane phase recycles between the chambers within the same stage. In multi-phase extraction, each separation stage includes a scrubbing chamber, located between the extraction and stripping chambers. The three- and multi-phase multi-stage extraction technique can be realized either in a series of mixer-settler extractors or in special two- or multi-chamber extraction apparatuses, in which the convective circulation of continuous membrane phase between the chambers takes place due to the difference in emulsion density in the chambers. The results of an experimental study of the extraction of phenol from sulfuric acid solutions in the three-phase extractors with convective circulation of continuous membrane phase are presented. Butyl acetate was used as an extractant. The stripping of phenol from the organic phase was carried out with 5-12% NaOH aqueous solutions. The prospects of using three-phase extractors for wastewater treatment from phenol are shown. An increase in the efficiency of three-phase extraction can be achieved by carrying out the process in a cascade of three-phase apparatuses.
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Blaga AC, Tucaliuc A, Kloetzer L. Applications of Ionic Liquids in Carboxylic Acids Separation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:771. [PMID: 36005686 PMCID: PMC9414664 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered a green viable organic solvent substitute for use in the extraction and purification of biosynthetic products (derived from biomass-solid/liquid extraction, or obtained through fermentation-liquid/liquid extraction). In this review, we analyzed the ionic liquids (greener alternative for volatile organic media in chemical separation processes) as solvents for extraction (physical and reactive) and pertraction (extraction and transport through liquid membranes) in the downstream part of organic acids production, focusing on current advances and future trends of ILs in the fields of promoting environmentally friendly products separation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Tucaliuc
- “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lenuta Kloetzer
- “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania
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Zeng L, Yi Q, Peng X, Huang Z, Van der Bruggen B, Zhang Y, Kuang Y, Ma Y, Tang K. Modelling and optimization of a new complexing retardant-enhanced polymer inclusion membrane system for highly selective separation of Zn2+ and Cu2+. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Saien J, Kharazi M, Pino V, Pacheco-Fernández I. Trends offered by ionic liquid-based surfactants: Applications in stabilization, separation processes, and within the petroleum industry. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2052094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Saien
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mona Kharazi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Verónica Pino
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químico (MAT4LL), Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación de Bioanalítica y Medioambiente, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Idaira Pacheco-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químico (MAT4LL), Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación de Bioanalítica y Medioambiente, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
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Zhou H, Ye Y, Tan Y, Zhu K, Liu X, Tian H, Guo Q, Wang L, Zhao S, Liu Y. Supported Liquid Membranes Based on Bifunctional Ionic Liquids for Selective Recovery of Gallium. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:376. [PMID: 35448346 PMCID: PMC9031070 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, separation and recovery of gallium from aqueous solutions was examined using acid-base bifunctional ionic liquids (Bif-ILs) in both solvent extraction and supported liquid membrane (SLM) processes. The influence of a variety of parameters, such as feed acidity, extractant concentration and metal concentration on the solvent extraction behavior were evaluated. The slope method combined with FTIR spectroscopy was utilized to determine possible extraction mechanisms. The SLM containing Bif-ILs demonstrated highly selective facilitated transport of 96.2% Ga(III) from feed to stripping solution after optimization. During the evaluation of the separation performance of SLM for the transport of Ga(III), in the presence of Al(III), Mg(II), Cu(II) and Fe(II), 88.5% Ga(III) could be transported with only 6% Fe(II) and a nil quantity of other metals co-transported. SLM exhibited excellent long-time stability in five repeated transport cycles. Highly selective transport and separation performance was achieved using the SLM containing Bif-ILs, indicating considerable potential for application in Ga(III) recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemical Processing Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (K.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (Q.G.)
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuxi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemical Processing Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (K.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (Q.G.)
| | - Yuefei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemical Processing Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (K.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (Q.G.)
| | - Kailun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemical Processing Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (K.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (Q.G.)
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemical Processing Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (K.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (Q.G.)
| | - Hongjing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemical Processing Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (K.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qingjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemical Processing Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (K.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (Q.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemical Processing Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (K.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (Q.G.)
| | - Shuju Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemical Processing Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (K.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (Q.G.)
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China;
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Zhang X. Selective separation membranes for fractionating organics and salts for industrial wastewater treatment: Design strategies and process assessment. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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15
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Radzyminska-Lenarcik E, Maslowska K, Urbaniak W. Removal of Copper (II), Zinc (II), Cobalt (II), and Nickel (II) Ions by PIMs Doped 2-Alkylimidazoles. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:16. [PMID: 35054539 PMCID: PMC8779304 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) are an attractive approach to the separation of metals from an aqueous solution. This study is concerned with the use of 2-alkylimidazoles (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl) as ion carriers in PIMs. It investigates the separation of copper (II), zinc (II), cobalt (II), and nickel (II) from aqueous solutions with the use of polymer inclusion membranes. PIMs are formed by casting a solution containing a carrier (extractant), a plasticizer (o-NPPE), and a base polymer such as cellulose triacetate (CTA) to form a thin, flexible, and stable film. The topics discussed include transport parameters, such as the type of carrier, initial fluxes, separation coefficients of copper in relation to other metals, as well as transport recovery of metal ions. The membrane was characterized using AFM and SEM to obtain information on its composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Radzyminska-Lenarcik
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bygdoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kamila Maslowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland; (K.M.); (W.U.)
| | - Wlodzimierz Urbaniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland; (K.M.); (W.U.)
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16
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Separation Iron(III)-Manganese(II) via Supported Liquid Membrane Technology in the Treatment of Spent Alkaline Batteries. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120991. [PMID: 34940492 PMCID: PMC8706058 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the transport of iron(III) from iron(III)-manganese(II)-hydrochloric acid mixed solutions, coming from the treatment of spent alkaline batteries through a flat-sheet supported liquid membrane, is investigated (the carrier phase being of Cyanex 923 (commercially available phosphine oxide extractant) dissolved in Solvesso 100 (commercially available diluent)). Iron(III) transport is studied as a function of hydrodynamic conditions, the concentration of manganese and HCl in the feed phase, and the carrier concentration in the membrane phase. A transport model is derived that describes the transport mechanism, consisting of diffusion through a feed aqueous diffusion layer, a fast interfacial chemical reaction, and diffusion of the iron(III) species-Cyanex 923 complex across the membrane phase. The membrane diffusional resistance (Δm) and feed diffusional resistance (Δf) are calculated from the model, and their values are 145 s/cm and 361 s/cm, respectively. It is apparent that the transport of iron(III) is mainly controlled by diffusion through the aqueous feed boundary layer, this being the thickness of this layer calculated as 2.9 × 10-3 cm. Since manganese(II) is not transported through the membrane phase, the present system allows the purification of these manganese-bearing solutions.
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