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Teiri H, Dehghani M, Mohammadi F, Samaei MR, Hajizadeh Y, Pourzamani H, Rostami S. Modeling and optimization approach for phytoremediation of formaldehyde from polluted indoor air by Nephrolepis obliterata plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21345-21359. [PMID: 36266594 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to model the removal of formaldehyde as an indoor air pollutant by Nephrolepis obliterata (R.Br.) J.Sm. plant using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models, and optimization of the models by particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). The data obtained in pilot-scale experiments under a controlled environment were used in this study. The effects of parameters on the removal efficiency such as formaldehyde concentration, relative humidity, light intensity, and leaf surface area were empirically investigated and considered as model parameters. The results of the RSM model, with power transformation, were in meaningful compromise with the experiments. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network was also designed, and the mean of squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and R2 were used to evaluate the network. Several training algorithms were assessed and the best one, the Levenberg Marquardt (LM), was selected. The PSO algorithm proved that the highest removal efficiency of formaldehyde was obtained in the presence of light, maximum leaf surface area and relative humidity, and at the lowest inlet concentration. The empirical system breakthrough occurred at 15 mg/m3 of formaldehyde, and the maximum elimination capacity was about 0.96 mg per m2 of leaves. The findings indicated that the ANN model predicted the removal efficiency more accurately compared to the RSM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Teiri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Faculty of Health and Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Samaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Faculty of Health and Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pourzamani
- Faculty of Health and Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeid Rostami
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Adamović D, Čepić Z, Adamović S, Stošić M, Obrovski B, Morača S, Vojinović Miloradov M. Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk Assessment in an Anatomy Laboratory. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111198. [PMID: 34769715 PMCID: PMC8583012 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dissecting a human cadaver is an irreplaceable practice in general training of medical students. Cadavers in anatomy laboratories are usually preserved in formalin, an embalming fluid whose basic component is formaldehyde (FA). The aim of this study is to assess the cancer risk of employees and students that are exposed to FA based on the results of three monitoring campaigns, as well as to suggest permanent solutions to the problem of FA exposure based on the results obtained. Three sampling campaigns of formaldehyde concentration in indoor environments were conducted at five different locations at the Anatomy Department of the Faculty of Medicine with the purpose of assessing permanent employees’ and medical faculty first year students’ exposure to FA. Indoor air was continuously sampled during 8 h of laboratory work and analyzed in accordance with the NIOSH Method 3500. Exceeding of the 8 h time-weighted average (8 h TWA) values recommended by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) of 0.75 ppm was recorded in 37% of the samples during the three-month monitoring campaign. Cancer risk assessment levels for permanent employees were in the range from 6.43 × 10−3 to 8.77 × 10−4, while the cancer risk assessment levels for students ranged from 8.94 × 10−7 to 1.83 × 10−6. The results of the research show that cancer risk assessment for employees is several thousand times higher than the limit recommended by the EPA (10−6) and point to the importance of reducing exposure to formaldehyde through the reconstruction of the existing ventilation system, continual monitoring, the use of formaldehyde-free products, and plastination of anatomical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Adamović
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.A.); (M.S.); (B.O.); (M.V.M.)
| | - Zoran Čepić
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.A.); (M.S.); (B.O.); (M.V.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-64-200-4875
| | - Savka Adamović
- Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Milena Stošić
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.A.); (M.S.); (B.O.); (M.V.M.)
| | - Boris Obrovski
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.A.); (M.S.); (B.O.); (M.V.M.)
| | - Slobodan Morača
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Mirjana Vojinović Miloradov
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.A.); (M.S.); (B.O.); (M.V.M.)
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Zhao G, Zou J, Zhang T, Li C, Zhou S, Jiao F. Recent progress on removal of indoor air pollutants by catalytic oxidation. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2020; 35:311-321. [PMID: 32598323 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollutant is a serious problem due to its wide diversity and variability. The harmful substances from construction materials and decorative materials may make the indoor air pollution become more and more serious and cause serious health problems. In this paper, the review summarizes the advanced technologies for the removal of indoor air pollutants and the development in the treatment of indoor air pollution by catalytic oxidation technologies. Meanwhile, some catalytic oxidation mechanisms of indoor air pollutants are proposed in detail, and suggestions for the indoor air pollution treatment are also presented, in order to provide some reference for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Caifeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Feipeng Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
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Teiri H, Pourzamzni H, Hajizadeh Y. Phytoremediation of Formaldehyde from Indoor Environment by Ornamental Plants: An Approach to Promote Occupants Health. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:70. [PMID: 30167100 PMCID: PMC6106135 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_269_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Formaldehyde is a common hazardous indoor air pollutant which recently raised public concerns due to its well-known carcinogenic effects on human. The aim of this study was to investigate a potted plant-soil system ability in formaldehyde removal from a poor ventilated indoor air to promote dwellers health. Methods For this purpose, we used one of the common interior plants from the fern species (Nephrolepis obliterata), inside a Plexiglas chamber under controlled environment. Entire plant removal efficiency and potted soil/roots contribution were determined by continuously introducing different formaldehyde vapor concentrations to the chamber (0.6-11 mg/m3) each over a 48-h period. Sampling was conducted from inlet and outlet of the chamber every morning and evening over the study period, and the average of each stage was reported. Results The results showed that the N. obliterata plant efficiently removed formaldehyde from the polluted air by 90%-100%, depending on the inlet concentrations, in a long time exposure. The contribution of the soil and roots for formaldehyde elimination was 26%. Evaluation of the plant growing characteristics showed that the fumigation did not affect the chlorophyll content, carotenoid, and average height of the plant; however, a decrease in the plant water content was observed. Conclusions According to the results of this study, phytoremediation of volatile organic compound-contaminated indoor air by the ornamental potted plants is an effective method which can be economically applicable in buildings. The fern species tested here had high potential to improve interior environments where formaldehyde emission is a health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Teiri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pourzamzni
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Teiri H, Pourzamani H, Hajizadeh Y. Phytoremediation of VOCs from indoor air by ornamental potted plants: A pilot study using a palm species under the controlled environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 197:375-381. [PMID: 29407808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air have recently raised public concern due to their adverse health effects. One of hazardous VOC is Formaldehyde which can cause sensory irritation and induce nasopharyngeal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate potted plant-soil system ability in formaldehyde removal from indoor air. We applied one of common interior plant from the palm species, Chamaedorea elegans, inside a chamber under the controlled environment. Entire plant, growing media and roots contribution in formaldehyde were evaluated by continuously introduction of different concentrations of formaldehyde into the chamber (0.66-16.4 mg m-3) each over a 48-h period. Our findings showed that the plant efficiently removed formaldehyde from polluted air by 65-100%, depending on the inlet concentrations, for a long time exposure. A maximum elimination capacity of 1.47 mg/m2. h was achieved with an inlet formaldehyde concentration of 14.6 mg m-3. The removal ratio of areal part to pot soil and roots was 2.45:1 (71%: 29%). The plants could remove more formaldehyde in light rather than dark environment. Concentrations up to 16.4 mg m-3 were not high enough to affect the plants growth. However, a trivial decrease in chlorophyll content, carotenoid and water content of the treated plants was observed compared to the control plants. Thus, the palm species tested here showed high tolerance and good potential of formaldehyde removal from interior environments. Therefore, phytoremediation of VOCs from indoor air by the ornamental potted plants is an effective method which can be economically applicable in homes and offices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Teiri
- Faculty of Health and Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pourzamani
- Faculty of Health and Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Faculty of Health and Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Respiratory Symptoms due to Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and MDF Dust in a MDF Furniture Factory in Eastern Thailand. Adv Prev Med 2016; 2016:3705824. [PMID: 28119784 PMCID: PMC5227115 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3705824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate factors associated with respiratory symptoms in workers in a medium-density fiberboard (MDF) furniture factory in Eastern Thailand. Data were collected from 439 employees exposed to formaldehyde and MDF dust using questionnaire and personal sampler (Institute of Occupational Medicine; IOM). The average concentration of formaldehyde from MDF dust was 2.62 ppm (SD 367), whereas the average concentration of MDF dust itself was 7.67 mg/m3 (SD 3.63). Atopic allergic history was a factor associated with respiratory irritation symptoms and allergic symptoms among the workers exposed to formaldehyde and were associated with respiratory irritation symptoms and allergic symptoms among those exposed to MDF dust. Exposure to MDF dust at high level (>5 mg/m3) was associated with respiratory irritation symptoms and allergic symptoms. Excluding allergic workers from the study population produced the same kind of results in the analysis as in all workers. The symptoms were associated with the high concentrations of formaldehyde and MDF dust in this factory. If the concentration of MDF dust was >5 mg/m3, the risk of irritation and allergic symptoms in the respiratory system increased. The respiratory health of the employees with atopic allergic history exposed to formaldehyde and MDF dust should be monitored closely.
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Haffner MJ, Oakes P, Demerdash A, Yammine KC, Watanabe K, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. Formaldehyde exposure and its effects during pregnancy: Recommendations for laboratory attendance based on available data. Clin Anat 2015; 28:972-9. [PMID: 26375478 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Formalin is commonly used in fixation of cadaveric specimens. Exposure to formaldehyde, a component of formalin and a known carcinogen, during gross anatomy laboratory dissection is a continuing concern for pregnant students and instructors. Since there is little literature on this specific topic, the current review was compiled in the hope of offering recommendations to pregnant students and instructors who are engaged in human anatomical dissection where formalin is used. Relevant articles were obtained through searches of PubMed and Google Scholar for the terms "formaldehyde," "pregnant," "formalin," and "exposure." A literature search was conducted for chemical information and articles about exposure as issued by government regulatory agencies and chemical companies that produce formaldehyde. This led to the compilation of 29 articles each of which included references to previous, relevant, human research. The reviewed literature contains data strongly suggesting that pregnancy can be affected by formaldehyde exposure. Therefore, on the basis our analysis, female students who might be pregnant should avoid formaldehyde exposure, including that in a gross anatomy laboratory. Instructors should find other means of ensuring anatomical competence for these students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Oakes
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Amin Demerdash
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kaissar Cesar Yammine
- Foot and Hand Clinic, Center for Evidence-Based Sport and Orthopedic Research, Emirates Hospital, Dubai, UAE
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada
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Effects of Simultaneous Exposure to Formaldehyde Vapor and Noise on Mouse Testicular Tissue and Sperm Parameters. HEALTH SCOPE 2012. [DOI: 10.5812/jhs.7973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vosoughi S, Khavanin A, Salehnia M, Mahabadi HA, Soleimanian A. Effects of Simultaneous Exposure to Formaldehyde Vapor and Noise on Mouse Testicular Tissue and Sperm Parameters. HEALTH SCOPE 2012. [DOI: 10.17795/jhealthscope-7973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hirst DVL, Gressel MG, Flanders WD. Short-term monitoring of formaldehyde: comparison of two direct-reading instruments to a laboratory-based method. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2011; 8:357-363. [PMID: 21557128 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2011.578499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Airborne formaldehyde concentrations can be measured using several different techniques, including laboratory-based methods and direct-reading instruments. Two commercially available direct-reading instruments, an RKI Instruments Model FP-30 and a PPM Technology Formaldemeter htV, were compared with National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Method 2016 in different test environments to determine if these direct-reading instruments can provide comparable results. The methods yielded the following mean concentrations for 47 samples: NIOSH Method 2016, 0.37 ppm; FP-30, 0.29 ppm; and htV, 0.34 ppm. Results from both of the direct-reading instruments were correlated with the laboratory-based method (R² = 0.78 for FP-30, and 0.902 for htV). Comparison of the means of the three methods showed that on average the FP-30 instrument (p < 0.001) differed statistically from NIOSH Method 2016, whereas the htV (p = 0.15) was not statistically different from the NIOSH method. Sensitivity and specificity tests demonstrated that the FP-30 had sensitivity above 60% to detect formaldehyde concentrations at all the cutoff levels tested, whereas the htV appeared to have greater sensitivity above 88% for the levels evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah V L Hirst
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.
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Draper WM, Ashley K, Glowacki CR, Michael PR. Industrial hygiene chemistry: keeping pace with rapid change in the workplace. Anal Chem 1999; 71:33R-60R. [PMID: 10384781 DOI: 10.1021/a19900058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W M Draper
- Sanitation and Radiation Laboratory, California Department of Health Services, Berkeley 94704, USA
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