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Aljohani ASM. Heavy metal toxicity in poultry: a comprehensive review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1161354. [PMID: 37456954 PMCID: PMC10340091 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1161354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) have been recognized as most toxic heavy metals that are continuously released into the environment, both from natural sources and from anthropogenic production of fertilizers, industrial activities, and waste disposal. Therefore, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb are found in increasing concentrations in bodies of water, fodder, feed, and in the tissues of livestock, including poultry, in the surroundings of industrial areas, leading to metabolic, structural, and functional abnormalities in various organs in all animals. In poultry, bioaccumulation of As, Pb, Cd, and Hg occurs in many organs (mainly in the kidneys, liver, reproductive organs, and lungs) as a result of continuous exposure to heavy metals. Consumption of Cd lowers the efficiency of feed conversion, egg production, and growth in poultry. Chronic exposure to As, Pb, Cd, and Hg at low doses can change the microscopic structure of tissues (mainly in the brain, liver, kidneys, and reproductive organs) as a result of the increased content of these heavy metals in these tissues. Histopathological changes occurring in the kidneys, liver, and reproductive organs are reflected in their negative impact on enzyme activity and serum biochemical parameters. Metal toxicity is determined by route of exposure, length of exposure, and absorbed dosage, whether chronic and acute. This review presents a discussion of bioaccumulation of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in poultry and the associated histopathological changes and toxic concentrations in different tissues.
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Mashkoor J, Al-Saeed FA, Guangbin Z, Alsayeqh AF, Gul ST, Hussain R, Ahmad L, Mustafa R, Farooq U, Khan A. Oxidative stress and toxicity produced by arsenic and chromium in broiler chicks and application of vitamin E and bentonite as ameliorating agents. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1128522. [PMID: 36968473 PMCID: PMC10032408 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1128522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the adverse effects of arsenic and chromium in broilers and ascertained the role of vitamin E and bentonite in alleviating their harmful effects. For this purpose, we experimented on 180 one-day-old broiler chickens. The feed was administered to broiler chicks of groups 2, 6, 7, 8, and 9 chromium @ (270 mg.kg−1 BW). Groups 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were administered arsenic @ (50 mg.kg−1 BW). Groups 4, 7, and 9 received vitamin E (150 mg.kg−1 BW), and groups 5, 8, and 9 received bentonite (5%), respectively. Group 1 was kept in control. All the broiler chicks treated with chromium and arsenic showed a significant (p < 0.05) decline in erythrocytic parameters on experimental days 21 and 42. Total proteins decreased significantly, while ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine increased significantly (p < 0.05). TAC and CAT decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while TOC and MDA concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.05) in chromium and arsenic-treated groups on experimental days 21 and 42. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between TAC and CAT (Pearson correlation value = 0.961; p < 0.001), similarly TOC and MDA positive correlation (Pearson correlation value = 0.920; p < 0.001). However, TAC and CAT showed a negative correlation between TOC and MDA. The intensity of gross and microscopic lesions was more in chromium (270 mg.kg−1) and arsenic (50 mg.kg−1) singly or in combination-treated groups. Thus, broiler chicks treated with chromium plus arsenic exhibited higher gross and microscopic lesion intensity than other treated groups. Fatty degeneration, severe cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration, and expansion of sinusoidal spaces were the main lesions observed in the liver. Kidneys showed renal epithelial cells necrosis, glomerular shrinkage, and severe cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration. Co-administration of bentonite along with chromium and arsenic resulted in partial amelioration (group 8) compared to groups 7 and 9, administered arsenic + chromium + vitamin E and arsenic + chromium + vitamin E + bentonite, respectively. It was concluded that arsenic and chromium cause damage not only to haemato-biochemical parameters but also lead to oxidation stress in broilers. Vitamin E and bentonite administration can ameliorate toxicity and oxidative stress produced by arsenic and chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Mashkoor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatimah A. Al-Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhang Guangbin
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, China
| | - Abdullah F. Alsayeqh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafia Tehseen Gul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Latif Ahmad
- Department of Pre-clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Mustafa
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Sub Campus, Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Sub Campus, Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan
| | - Ahrar Khan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Ahrar Khan
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Skalny AV, Lima TRR, Ke T, Zhou JC, Bornhorst J, Alekseenko SI, Aaseth J, Anesti O, Sarigiannis DA, Tsatsakis A, Aschner M, Tinkov AA. Toxic metal exposure as a possible risk factor for COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111809. [PMID: 33069759 PMCID: PMC7563920 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple medical, lifestyle, and environmental conditions, including smoking and particulate pollution, have been considered as risk factors for COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility and severity. Taking into account the high level of toxic metals in both particulate matter (PM2.5) and tobacco smoke, the objective of this review is to discuss recent data on the role of heavy metal exposure in development of respiratory dysfunction, immunotoxicity, and severity of viral diseases in epidemiological and experimental studies, as to demonstrate the potential crossroads between heavy metal exposure and COVID-19 severity risk. The existing data demonstrate that As, Cd, Hg, and Pb exposure is associated with respiratory dysfunction and respiratory diseases (COPD, bronchitis). These observations corroborate laboratory findings on the role of heavy metal exposure in impaired mucociliary clearance, reduced barrier function, airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The association between heavy metal exposure and severity of viral diseases, including influenza and respiratory syncytial virus has been also demonstrated. The latter may be considered a consequence of adverse effects of metal exposure on adaptive immunity. Therefore, reduction of toxic metal exposure may be considered as a potential tool for reducing susceptibility and severity of viral diseases affecting the respiratory system, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.
| | - Thania Rios Rossi Lima
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ji-Chang Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Svetlana I Alekseenko
- I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia; K.A. Rauhfus Children's City Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jan Aaseth
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Ourania Anesti
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis A Sarigiannis
- HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece; University School of Advanced Studies IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Shirani K, Zanjani BR, Mahmoudi M, Jafarian AH, Hassani FV, Giesy JP, Karimi G. Immunotoxicity of aflatoxin M 1 : as a potent suppressor of innate and acquired immune systems in a subacute study. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5884-5892. [PMID: 30014474 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although, to date, there have been several in vitro and in vivo studies of immunomodulatory effects of aflatoxin M1 (AFB1 ), little is known about the effect of AFM1 on various aspects of innate and acquired immunity. In the present study, AFM1 was administered intraperitoneally, at doses of 25 and 50 μg kg-1 , body mass for 28 days and various immunological parameters were measured. RESULTS Several parameters related to immune function were suppressed: organ mass, cellularity of spleen, proliferation response to lipopolysaccaride and phytohemagglutinin-A, hemagglutination titer, delayed type of hypersensitivity response, spleen cell subtypes, serum hemolytic activity, serum immunoglobulin G level and cytokine production. AFM1 did not cause changes in body mass, hematological parameters or the concentration of immunoglobulin M in blood serum. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data suggested that AFM1 suppressed innate and acquired immunity. Therefore, with respect to consumer safety, it is extremely important to further control the level of AFM1 in milk, and this should be considered as a precedence for risk management actions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Shirani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bamdad R Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir H Jafarian
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh V Hassani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Zoology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Gul ST, Khan A, Ahmad M, Ahmad H, Saleemi MK, Naseem MN, Bilal M. Immuno-toxicological effects of different sub-lethal doses of thiamethoxam (TMX) in broiler birds. TOXIN REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1435554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shafia Tehseen Gul
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahrar Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maqbool Ahmad
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Ghaffar A, Hussain R, Abbas G, Ahmad MN, Abbas A, Rahim Y, Younus M, Shahid M, Mohiuddin M. Sodium arsenate and/or urea differently affect clinical attributes, hemato-biochemistry and DNA damage in intoxicated commercial layer birds. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1342096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Life Sciences (Zoology), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan,
| | - Riaz Hussain
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan,
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan,
| | - Muhammad Nasir Ahmad
- Department of Life Sciences (Zoology), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan,
| | - Akhtar Abbas
- Department of Life Sciences (Zoology), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan,
| | - Yasir Rahim
- Department of Life Sciences (Zoology), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan,
| | - Muhammad Younus
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Jhang, Pakistan, and
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mudassar Mohiuddin
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan,
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