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Oliver D, Chesney E, Cullen AE, Davies C, Englund A, Gifford G, Kerins S, Lalousis PA, Logeswaran Y, Merritt K, Zahid U, Crossley NA, McCutcheon RA, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P. Exploring causal mechanisms of psychosis risk. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105699. [PMID: 38710421 PMCID: PMC11250118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Robust epidemiological evidence of risk and protective factors for psychosis is essential to inform preventive interventions. Previous evidence syntheses have classified these risk and protective factors according to their strength of association with psychosis. In this critical review we appraise the distinct and overlapping mechanisms of 25 key environmental risk factors for psychosis, and link these to mechanistic pathways that may contribute to neurochemical alterations hypothesised to underlie psychotic symptoms. We then discuss the implications of our findings for future research, specifically considering interactions between factors, exploring universal and subgroup-specific factors, improving understanding of temporality and risk dynamics, standardising operationalisation and measurement of risk and protective factors, and developing preventive interventions targeting risk and protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; OPEN Early Detection Service, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Edward Chesney
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Alexis E Cullen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Cathy Davies
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amir Englund
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - George Gifford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Kerins
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paris Alexandros Lalousis
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yanakan Logeswaran
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Merritt
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Uzma Zahid
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas A Crossley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Robert A McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; OPEN Early Detection Service, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE11 5DL, UK
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2
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Thielen H, Tuts N, Lafosse C, Gillebert CR. The Neuroanatomy of Poststroke Subjective Sensory Hypersensitivity. Cogn Behav Neurol 2023; 36:68-84. [PMID: 37026772 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although subjective sensory hypersensitivity is prevalent after stroke, it is rarely recognized by health care providers, and its neural mechanisms are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroanatomy of poststroke subjective sensory hypersensitivity as well as the sensory modalities in which subjective sensory hypersensitivity can occur by conducting both a systematic literature review and a multiple case study of patients with subjective sensory hypersensitivity. METHOD For the systematic review, we searched three databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) for empirical articles discussing the neuroanatomy of poststroke subjective sensory hypersensitivity in humans. We assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the case reports critical appraisal tool and summarized the results using a qualitative synthesis. For the multiple case study, we administered a patient-friendly sensory sensitivity questionnaire to three individuals with a subacute right-hemispheric stroke and a matched control group and delineated brain lesions on a clinical brain scan. RESULTS Our systematic literature search resulted in four studies (describing eight stroke patients), all of which linked poststroke subjective sensory hypersensitivity to insular lesions. The results of our multiple case study indicated that all three stroke patients reported an atypically high sensitivity to different sensory modalities. These patients' lesions overlapped with the right anterior insula, the claustrum, and the Rolandic operculum. CONCLUSION Both our systematic literature review and our multiple case study provide preliminary evidence for a role of the insula in poststroke subjective sensory hypersensitivity and suggest that poststroke subjective sensory hypersensitivity can occur in different sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hella Thielen
- Department of Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nora Tuts
- Department of Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Céline Raymond Gillebert
- Department of Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- TRACE, Centre for Translational Psychological Research, KU Leuven-Hospital East-Limbourgh, Genk, Belgium
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3
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Bailliard A, Lee B, Bennett J. Polysensoriality and Aesthetics: The Lived Sensory Experiences of Adults with Mental Illness. Can J Occup Ther 2023; 90:103-113. [PMID: 36632011 DOI: 10.1177/00084174221145811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background. Research in neuroscience shows that adults with schizophrenia or related psychotic disorders experience atypical sensory processing (e.g., deficits in sensory gating and mismatch negativity). Despite significant evidence proving these biomarkers are common among adults with serious mental illness, it is unclear how their sensory experiences impact their occupations in daily life (i.e., real-world implications of atypical sensory processing). Purpose. To explore how the lived sensory experiences of adults with psychotic disorders affect their occupations. Method. We used Walking with Video, photo-elicitation, and semi-structured interviews to study how the lived sensory experiences of adults with psychotic disorders (N = 6) relate to their occupations. Informed by a phenomenological perspective, we analysed data from semistructured interviews, and undertook analyses through iterative rounds of coding to develop themes and two cycles of group reflective practices to identify researcher biases and assumptions. Findings. Analyses revealed the following themes: polysensoriality, embodied aesthetics of everyday life, habits of sensing and sensory anchors, and active sensory beings. Implications. In clinical contexts, occupational therapists should carefully consider the situatedness of sensory experiences while avoiding assumptions that sensory preferences and aversions mechanistically generalize across contexts and occupations.
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Thielen H, Tuts N, Welkenhuyzen L, Huenges Wajer IMC, Lafosse C, Gillebert CR. Sensory sensitivity after acquired brain injury: A systematic review. J Neuropsychol 2023; 17:1-31. [PMID: 35773750 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with acquired brain injury frequently report experiencing sensory stimuli as abnormally under- (sensory hyposensitivity) or overwhelming (sensory hypersensitivity). Although they can negatively impact daily functioning, these symptoms are poorly understood. To provide an overview of the current evidence on atypical sensory sensitivity after acquired brain injury, we conducted a systematic literature review. The primary aim of the review was to investigate the behavioural and neural mechanisms that are associated with self-reported sensory sensitivity. Studies were included when they studied sensory sensitivity in acquired brain injury populations, and excluded when they were not written in English, consisted of non-empirical research, did not study human subjects, studied pain, related sensory sensitivity to peripheral injury or studied patients with a neurodegenerative disorder, meningitis, encephalitis or a brain tumour. The Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for appropriate studies. A qualitative synthesis of the results of the 81 studies that were included suggests that abnormal sensory thresholds and a reduced information processing speed are candidate behavioural mechanisms of atypical subjective sensory sensitivity after acquired brain injury. Furthermore, there was evidence for an association between subjective sensory sensitivity and structural grey or white matter abnormalities, and to functional abnormalities in sensory cortices. However, further research is needed to explore the causation of atypical sensory sensitivity. In addition, there is a need for the development of adequate diagnostic tools. This can significantly advance the quantity and quality of research on the prevalence, aetiology, prognosis and treatment of these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hella Thielen
- Department Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nora Tuts
- Department Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Welkenhuyzen
- Department Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department Psychology, Hospital East-Limbourgh, Genk, Belgium.,TRACE, Centre for Translational Psychological Research, KU Leuven - Hospital East-Limbourgh, Genk, Belgium
| | - Irene M C Huenges Wajer
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Céline R Gillebert
- Department Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,TRACE, Centre for Translational Psychological Research, KU Leuven - Hospital East-Limbourgh, Genk, Belgium
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Merlino S, Mondada L, Söderström O. Walking through the city soundscape: an audio-visual analysis of sensory experience for people with psychosis. VISUAL COMMUNICATION 2023; 22:71-95. [PMID: 36761041 PMCID: PMC9900689 DOI: 10.1177/14703572211052638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses how an aspect of urban environments - sound and noise - is experienced by people walking in the city; it particularly focuses on atypical populations such as people diagnosed with psychosis, who are reported to be particularly sensitive to noisy environments. Through an analysis of video-recordings of naturalistic activities in an urban context and of video-elicitations based on these recordings, the study details the way participants orient to sound and noise in naturalistic settings, and how sound and noise are reported and reexperienced during interviews. By bringing together urban context, psychosis and social interaction, this study shows that, thanks to video recordings and conversation analysis, it is possible to analyse in detail the multimodal organization of action (talk, gesture, gaze, walking bodies) and of the sensory experience(s) of aural factors, as well as the way this organization is affected by the ecology of the situation.
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Zaviazkina NV, Balashevych OK, Korotkevych YY. PECULIARITIES OF PERCEPTION OF NON-VERBAL STIMULI BY PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA: SUBJECTIVE UNDERSTANDING, INTEREST AND EMOTIONS. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:1966-1977. [PMID: 37898932 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202309110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: The main purpose of this article was to investigate the subjective understanding, interest, and emotional perception of non-verbal stimuli by schizophrenic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: For this study, the clinical interview method was used, in which all questions were presented in Ukrainian. The questionnaire form was divided into three main blocks: socio-demographic, mental anamnesis, and non-verbal stimulus assessment. 50 respondents took part in the study. The experimental group, i.e., respondents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, made up 58% (n = 29) of the total number of respondents, and the control group, respondents with other diagnoses, made up 42% (n = 21). RESULTS Results: The results showed that in both groups the level of abstractness or objectivity of the drawings affected the understanding of what was depicted. Patients with schizophrenia had a better understanding of images that didn't have a single semantic and compositional whole. The abstractness of the drawings and their detailing affected the appearance of interest in the image in people who have disorders on the schizophrenia spectrum. In addition, the more realistic the objects in the picture were, the less interesting it was for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. CONCLUSION Conclusions: In conclusion, schizophrenic patients found stereotypical signs of emotions much more easily than respondents with other diagnoses, and facial expressions were the most important factor in determining the emotional component of drawings.
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de Bustamante Simas ML, Dos Santos NRM, Lacerda AM. Auditory perceptual discomfort and low-hearing tolerance in the first episode psychosis. PSICOLOGIA, REFLEXAO E CRITICA : REVISTA SEMESTRAL DO DEPARTAMENTO DE PSICOLOGIA DA UFRGS 2022; 35:20. [PMID: 35819653 PMCID: PMC9276868 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-022-00224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Awareness of perceptual and sensory changes that might occur in visual, auditory, proprioception, and other senses, in the early stages towards the First Episode Psychosis (FEP), and their subsequent sensorial evolution as the disturb progresses deeper into an acute episode, might be a key element for interrupting the process. In the present study, we investigated hearing discomfort/tolerance to 16 given sound streams. Sixteen people diagnosed with FEP, participated in the experiment. Sixteen frequency sweeps varying in modulation envelopes (sawtooth, sine), order (ascending, descending), duration (4s, 8s), and range (50–8000 Hz, 2–8 kHz) were presented randomly, but always in the same sequence, to FEP and healthy controls (HC). The level of discomfort was estimated by the participant by making a mark across a continuous line whose extremes read “nothing bad” (left) and “too bad” (right). Results showed that ascending sine pure frequency sweeps (p < 0.01) and descending sine pure frequencies sweeps (p < 0.01) caused the maximum discomfort in FEP. Other variables also showed differences between FEP and HC, and FEP were always more intolerant to such pure frequency sweeps than HC. We conclude that this might be useful for very early assessment of people at risk, people with FEP, and people with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lúcia de Bustamante Simas
- Laboratório de Percepção Visual, Programa da Pós Graduação em Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av da Arquitetura s/n CFCH 9º Andar, Recife, PE, CEP.: 50740-550, Brasil.
| | - Naianna Ribeiro Mocelin Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Percepção Visual, Programa da Pós Graduação em Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av da Arquitetura s/n CFCH 9º Andar, Recife, PE, CEP.: 50740-550, Brasil
| | - Aline Mendes Lacerda
- Laboratório de Percepção Visual, Programa da Pós Graduação em Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av da Arquitetura s/n CFCH 9º Andar, Recife, PE, CEP.: 50740-550, Brasil
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Griskova-Bulanova I, Voicikas A, Dapsys K, Melynyte S, Andruskevicius S, Pipinis E. Envelope Following Response to 440 Hz Carrier Chirp-Modulated Tones Show Clinically Relevant Changes in Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2020; 11:brainsci11010022. [PMID: 33375449 PMCID: PMC7824599 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 40 Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR) impairment is suggested as an electrophysiological biomarker of schizophrenia; however, existing data also points to the deficiency of low and high frequency ASSR responses. In order to obtain the full picture of potential impairment in schizophrenia, it is important to test responses at different frequencies. The current study aims to evaluate a wide frequency range (1-120 Hz) in response to brief low-frequency carrier chirp-modulated tones in a group of patients with schizophrenia. The EEG-derived envelope following responses (EFRs) were obtained in a group of male patients with schizophrenia (N = 18) and matched controls (N = 18). While subjects were watching silent movies, 440 Hz carrier chirp-modulated at 1-120 Hz tones were presented. Phase-locking index and evoked amplitude in response to stimulation were assessed and compared on point-to-point basis. The peak frequency of the low gamma response was estimated. Measures were correlated with psychopathology-positive, negative, total scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and hallucination subscale scores. In comparison to controls, patients showed (1) reduced power of theta-beta (4-18 Hz) responses, (2) intact but slower low gamma (30-60 Hz), and (3) reduced high gamma (95-120 Hz) responses. No correlation survived the Bonferroni correction, but a sign of positive association between low gamma phase-locking and the prevalence of hallucinations, and a sign of negative association between high gamma phase-locking and the total PANSS scores were observed. Brain networks showed impaired capabilities to generate EFRs at different frequencies in schizophrenia; moreover, even when responses of patients did not significantly differ from controls on the group level, they still showed potentially clinically relevant variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Griskova-Bulanova
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (K.D.); (S.M.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-67110954
| | - Aleksandras Voicikas
- Vilnius Republican Psychiatric Hospital, Parko str. 21, LT-11205 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.V.); (S.A.)
| | - Kastytis Dapsys
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (K.D.); (S.M.); (E.P.)
- Vilnius Republican Psychiatric Hospital, Parko str. 21, LT-11205 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.V.); (S.A.)
| | - Sigita Melynyte
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (K.D.); (S.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Sergejus Andruskevicius
- Vilnius Republican Psychiatric Hospital, Parko str. 21, LT-11205 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.V.); (S.A.)
- Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities str. 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Pipinis
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (K.D.); (S.M.); (E.P.)
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Abrahamyan Empson L, Baumann PS, Söderström O, Codeluppi Z, Söderström D, Conus P. Urbanicity: The need for new avenues to explore the link between urban living and psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2020; 14:398-409. [PMID: 31389169 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM A growing body of evidence suggests that urban living contributes to the development of psychosis. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. This paper aims to explore the best available knowledge on the matter, identify research gaps and outline future prospects for research strategies. METHOD A comprehensive literature survey on the main computerized medical research databases, with a time limit up to August 2017 on the issue of urbanicity and psychosis has been conducted. RESULTS The impact of urbanicity may result from a wide range of factors (from urban material features to stressful impact of social life) leading to "urban stress." The latter may link urban upbringing to the development of psychosis through overlapping neuro- and socio-developmental pathways, possibly unified by dopaminergic hyperactivity in mesocorticolimbic system. However, "urban stress" is poorly defined and research based on patients' experience of the urban environment is scarce. CONCLUSIONS Despite accumulated data, the majority of studies conducted so far failed to explain how specific factors of urban environment combine in patients' daily life to create protective or disruptive milieus. This undermines the translation of a vast epidemiological knowledge into effective therapeutic and urbanistic developments. New studies on urbanicity should therefore be more interdisciplinary, bridging knowledge from different disciplines (psychiatry, epidemiology, human geography, urbanism, etc.) in order to enrich research methods, ensure the development of effective treatment and preventive strategies as well as create urban environments that will contribute to mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilith Abrahamyan Empson
- Treatment and early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp S Baumann
- Treatment and early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ola Söderström
- Institute of Geography, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Zoé Codeluppi
- Institute of Geography, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Philippe Conus
- Treatment and early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Carlsson IM, Blomqvist M, Jormfeldt H. Ethical and methodological issues in qualitative studies involving people with severe and persistent mental illness such as schizophrenia and other psychotic conditions: a critical review. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2018; 12:1368323. [PMID: 28901217 PMCID: PMC5654012 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2017.1368323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Undertaking research studies in the field of mental health is essential in mental health nursing. Qualitative research methodologies enable human experiences to become visible and recognize the importance of lived experiences. This paper argues that involving people with schizophrenia in research is critical to promote their health and well-being. The quality of qualitative research needs scrutinizing according to methodological issues such as trustworthiness and ethical standards that are a fundamental part of qualitative research and nursing curricula. The aim of this study was to critically review recent qualitative studies involving people with severe and persistent mental illness such as schizophrenia and other psychotic conditions, regarding descriptions of ethical and methodological issues in data collection and analysis. A search for relevant papers was conducted in three electronic databases, in December 2016. Fifteen qualitative interview studies were included and reviewed regarding methodological issues related to ethics, and data collection and analysis. The results revealed insufficient descriptions of methodology regarding ethical considerations and issues related to recruitment and sampling in qualitative interview studies with individuals with severe mental illness, putting trustworthiness at risk despite detailed descriptions of data analysis. Knowledge from the perspective of individuals with their own experience of mental illness is essential. Issues regarding sampling and trustworthiness in qualitative studies involving people with severe mental illness are vital to counteract the stigmatization of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing-Marie Carlsson
- a School of Health and Welfare, Department of Health and Nursing , Halmstad University , Halmstad , Sweden
| | - Marjut Blomqvist
- a School of Health and Welfare, Department of Health and Nursing , Halmstad University , Halmstad , Sweden
| | - Henrika Jormfeldt
- a School of Health and Welfare, Department of Health and Nursing , Halmstad University , Halmstad , Sweden
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11
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Pipinis E, Voicikas A, Griskova-Bulanova I. Low and high gamma auditory steady-states in response to 440 Hz carrier chirp-modulated tones show no signs of attentional modulation. Neurosci Lett 2018; 678:104-109. [PMID: 29746895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are increasingly used as a neurodiagnostical tool and in neurotechnological applications where it is important to test responses at different frequencies. We aimed to evaluate EEG responses to a low-frequency carrier (440 Hz) tone modulated with 500 ms chirps at 1-120 Hz and to test the ability of stimulation to highlight the low and high gamma band activity. Increasing and decreasing modulation rates were applied. Subjective pleasantness of chirps and attentional effects on ASSRs to chirps were assessed. Our results suggest that brief low-frequency tones modulated with chirps can be used to evoke ASSRs and to test responses at low and high gamma frequencies. Moreover, chirps are perceived as moderately arousing and neutrally pleasant, while ASSRs to these sounds are not sensitive to attentional modulation. The abovementioned findings make chirp stimulation suitable for use in populations with increased perceptual sensitivity to auditory stimuli, for instance like patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaldas Pipinis
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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12
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Griskova-Bulanova I, Dapsys K, Melynyte S, Voicikas A, Maciulis V, Andruskevicius S, Korostenskaja M. 40Hz auditory steady-state response in schizophrenia: Sensitivity to stimulation type (clicks versus flutter amplitude-modulated tones). Neurosci Lett 2017; 662:152-157. [PMID: 29051085 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Auditory steady-state response (ASSR) at 40Hz has been proposed as a potential biomarker for schizophrenia. The ASSR studies in patients have used click stimulation or amplitude-modulated tones. However, the sensitivity of 40Hz ASSRs to different stimulation types in the same group of patients has not been previously evaluated. Two stimulation types for ASSRs were tested in this study: (1) 40Hz clicks and (2) flutter-amplitude modulated tones. The mean phase-locking index, evoked amplitude and event-related spectral perturbation values were compared between schizophrenia patients (n=26) and healthy controls (n=20). Both stimulation types resulted in the observation of impaired phase-locking and power measures of late (200-500ms) 40Hz ASSR in patients compared to healthy controls. The early-latency (0-100ms) 40Hz ASSR part was diminished in the schizophrenia group in response to clicks only. The late-latency 40Hz ASSR parameters obtained through different stimulation types correlated in healthy subjects but not in patients. We conclude that flutter amplitude-modulated tone stimulation, due to its potential to reveal late-latency entrainment deficits, is suitable for use in clinical populations. Careful consideration of experimental stimulation settings can contribute to the interpretation of ASSR deficits and utilization as a potential biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kastytis Dapsys
- Department of Electrophysiological Treatment and Investigation Methods, Vilnius Republican Psychiatric Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigita Melynyte
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Valentinas Maciulis
- Department of Electrophysiological Treatment and Investigation Methods, Vilnius Republican Psychiatric Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sergejus Andruskevicius
- Department of Electrophysiological Treatment and Investigation Methods, Vilnius Republican Psychiatric Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milena Korostenskaja
- Milena's Functional Brain Mapping and Brain Computer Interface Lab, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA; MEG Lab, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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13
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Seeman MV. Solitude and schizophrenia. PSYCHOSIS-PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIAL AND INTEGRATIVE APPROACHES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2016.1264992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary V. Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Wright B, Peters E, Ettinger U, Kuipers E, Kumari V. Effects of environmental noise on cognitive (dys)functions in schizophrenia: A pilot within-subjects experimental study. Schizophr Res 2016; 173:101-8. [PMID: 27017491 PMCID: PMC4847736 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment, particularly in attention, memory and executive function domains, is commonly present and associated with poor functional outcomes in schizophrenia. In healthy adults, environmental noise adversely affects many cognitive domains, including those known to be compromised in schizophrenia. This pilot study examined whether environmental noise causes further cognitive deterioration in a small sample of people with schizophrenia. Eighteen outpatients with schizophrenia on stable doses of antipsychotics and 18 age and sex-matched healthy participants were assessed on a comprehensive cognitive battery including measures of psychomotor speed, attention, executive functioning, working memory, and verbal learning and memory under three different conditions [quiet: ~30dB(A); urban noise: building site noise, 68-78dB(A); and social noise: background babble and footsteps from a crowded hall without any discernible words, 68-78dB(A)], 7-14days apart, with counter-balanced presentation of noise conditions across participants of both groups. The results showed widespread cognitive impairment in patients under all conditions, and noise-induced impairments of equal magnitude on specific cognitive functions in both groups. Both patient and healthy participant groups showed significant disruption of delayed verbal recall and recognition by urban and social noise, and of working memory by social noise, relative to the quiet condition. Performance under urban and social noise did not differ significantly from each other for any cognitive measure in either group. We conclude that noise has adverse effects on the verbal and working memory domains in schizophrenia patients and healthy participants. This may be particularly problematic for patients as it worsens their pre-existing cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Wright
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Department of Psychology, London, UK
| | - Emmanuelle Peters
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Department of Psychology, London, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Kuipers
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Department of Psychology, London, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Veena Kumari
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Department of Psychology, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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