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Gómez-Bujedo J, Dacosta-Sánchez D, Pérez-Moreno PJ, García García A, Díaz-Batanero C, Fernández-Calderón F, Delgado-Rico E, Moraleda-Barreno E. Comparison of Emotional Processing Between Patients with Substance Use Disorder and Those with Dual Diagnosis: Relationship with Severity of Dependence and Use During Treatment. J Psychoactive Drugs 2024; 56:97-108. [PMID: 36827487 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2181241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed, in a Spanish sample, the differences in emotional processing in patients diagnosed with substance use disorder (SUD) and patients with a dual diagnosis (DD), and tested whether alterations in emotional regulation were related to the severity of dependence and consumption during treatment. A descriptive follow-up study was conducted with 88 adult outpatients (83% men) who were receiving treatment for alcohol and cocaine SUD. Of the sample, 43.2% presented dual diagnosis according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Emotional processing was assessed with the IAPS, and dependence severity with the SDSS. Consumption was determined with self-reports and toxicological tests. Regression analyses revealed that the DD group had more difficulties in identifying the valence and arousal of the images than patients with SUD. Patients with DD presented more difficulty in identifying images in which valence was manipulated, but not in those in which arousal was manipulated. Cocaine use during treatment was associated with difficulties in identifying unpleasant (U = 734.0; p < .05) and arousing (U = 723.5; p < .05) images. Although these results are preliminary, findings suggest that impaired emotional processing is aggravated in dual patients, although it may be a common transdiagnostic factor in SUD and other comorbid mental disorders. Findings highlight the importance of evaluating emotional regulation to better understand its possible role in the maintenance of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gómez-Bujedo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Pedro J Pérez-Moreno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center in Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Díaz-Batanero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center in Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Fermín Fernández-Calderón
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center in Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Elena Delgado-Rico
- Department of Educational Psychology and Psychobiology, International University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Enrique Moraleda-Barreno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center in Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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Stetsiv K, McNamara IA, Nance M, Carpenter RW. The Co-occurrence of Personality Disorders and Substance Use Disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2023; 25:545-554. [PMID: 37787897 PMCID: PMC10798162 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite significant negative outcomes, the co-occurrence of personality disorders (PDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) continues to be underrecognized, and the mechanisms contributing to this co-occurrence remain unclear. This review summarizes recent work on PD-SUD co-occurrence, with a focus on borderline and antisocial PDs, general substance use patterns among those with PDs, and the association of personality traits with SUDs. RECENT FINDINGS The prevalence of co-occurring PD-SUD is generally high, with estimates ranging depending on the type of PD and SUD, the population assessed, and the sampling methods and measures used. Current theoretical explanations for co-occurrence include shared etiology and predisposition models, with research highlighting the importance of transactional processes. Potential underlying mechanisms include personality traits and transdiagnostic characteristics. Recent research has increased focus on substances besides alcohol, dimensional models of personality pathology, and transactional explanations of co-occurrence, but more research is needed to disentangle the nuanced PD-SUD relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Stetsiv
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis, USA
| | - Ian A McNamara
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis, USA
| | - Melissa Nance
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis, USA
| | - Ryan W Carpenter
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis, USA.
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Marceau EM, Berry J, Grenyer BFS. Neurocognition of females with substance use disorder and comorbid personality disorder: Divergence in subjective and objective cognition. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:368-378. [PMID: 34251923 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1948413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
At least one in four patients with substance use disorder (SUD) meet criteria for personality disorder and overlapping neurocognitive deficits may reflect shared neurobiological mechanisms. We studied neurocognition in females attending residential SUD treatment by comparing SUD with (n = 20) or without (n = 30) comorbid personality disorder. Neuropsychological testing included working memory, inhibition, shifting, verbal fluency, design fluency, psychomotor speed, immediate and delayed verbal memory, processing speed, premorbid functioning, cognitive screening, and self-reported executive function. As expected, whole-sample deficits included working memory (d = -.91), self-reported executive function (d = -.87), processing speed (d = -.40), delayed verbal memory recall (d = -.39), premorbid functioning (d = -.51), and cognitive screening performance (d = -.61). Importantly, the comorbid personality disorder group showed greater self-reported executive dysfunction (d = -.67) and poorer shifting performance (d = -.65). However, they also evidenced better working memory (d = .84), immediate (d = .95) and delayed (d = .83) verbal memory, premorbid functioning (d = .90), and cognitive screening performance (d = .77). Overall executive dysfunction deficits were concordant with those observed in previous SUD studies. Surprisingly, comorbid personality disorder was associated with a pattern indicating poorer subjective (self-report) but better objective performance on a number of tasks, apart from shifting deficits that may relate to emotion dysregulation. Subjective emotional dysfunction may influence the cognitive deficits observed in the personality disorder group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ely M Marceau
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jamie Berry
- Advanced Neuropsychological Treatment Services, Strathfield South, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - Brin F S Grenyer
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Cakiroglu S, Gormez V, Gozpinar N, Usta Gunduz EB. Psychometric properties of the Teenage Executive Functioning Inventory in a Turkish sample of adolescents: deficits in working memory and inhibition among adolescents. Child Neuropsychol 2023; 29:321-339. [PMID: 35694828 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2022.2086975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Teenage Executive Functioning Inventory (TEXI) is a measurement tool that consists of two subscales, working memory and inhibition, and allows both self and parent rating. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of TEXI in a sample of 184 parents and 476 adolescents aged 11 and 18 years and to measure the relationship between executive functions and mental health problems, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. Confirmatory factor analyses showed acceptable/good fit indices and confirmed the two-factor structure for both the adolescent and parent forms. Test-retest results and Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed that the scale had high reliability. The results also showed that deficits in executive functions were associated with various mental health problems in adolescents. The findings demonstrated that a Turkish translation of the TEXI is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the executive functions of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Cakiroglu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, School of Medicine, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vahdet Gormez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Medicine Faculty, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuran Gozpinar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Istanbul Goztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elvan Basak Usta Gunduz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Istanbul Goztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Maladaptive Personality Traits in a Group of Patients with Substance Use Disorder and ADHD. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070962. [PMID: 35888680 PMCID: PMC9323800 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: the comorbidity of personality disorders in patients who use psychoactive substances is common in psychiatric practice. The epidemiology of disharmonious personality traits in patients with ADHD and addictions in adulthood is still insufficiently researched. The study investigated the typology of personality traits in a group of adult patients consuming psychoactive substances, in whom symptoms of ADHD were identified. Materials and Methods: the study evaluates a group of 104 patients with chronic psychoactive substances abuse, in whom symptoms of ADHD were identified in early adulthood, in terms of comorbid personality traits. Results: statistically significant data have been obtained regarding the presence of clinical traits characteristic for cluster B personality disorders, the patients presenting lower levels of self-control, self-image instability, difficulties in the areas of social relationships and own identity integration. Conclusions: ADHD symptomatology precedes the clinical traits of personality disorders in patients with addictions, negatively influencing chronic evolution and quality of life.
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Brown ES. Journal of Dual Diagnosis: Highlights from 2021. J Dual Diagn 2022; 18:1-2. [PMID: 35113769 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2022.2022298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Sherwood Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., MC8849Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Dacosta-Sánchez D, Díaz-Batanero C, Fernandez-Calderon F, Lozano ÓM. Impact of Cluster B Personality Disorders in Drugs Therapeutic Community Treatment Outcomes: A Study Based on Real World Data. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122572. [PMID: 34200750 PMCID: PMC8230360 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of dual pathology on treatment outcomes is unclear, with the literature reporting both favorable and unfavorable evidence. The main aim of this study was to determine how dual pathology affects treatment outcomes using real world data obtained from inpatients that began treatment in therapeutic communities. METHOD The data of 2458 inpatients were used. Clinical information was obtained from electronic medical records. Reliability of diagnosis was checked and revealed a mean kappa value of 0.88. RESULTS Of the sample, 41.8% were discharged after achieving the therapeutic objectives. Patients diagnosed with Cluster B personality disorders were found to have a higher risk of dropping out of treatment (HR = 1.320; z = 2.61; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Personality traits exhibited by Cluster B patients can interfere with treatment in therapeutic communities. There is a need to develop specific interventions for these inpatient groups, which could be implemented in therapeutic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dacosta-Sánchez
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Psychology, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (D.D.-S.); (C.D.-B.); (F.F.-C.)
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Carmen Díaz-Batanero
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Psychology, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (D.D.-S.); (C.D.-B.); (F.F.-C.)
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Fermin Fernandez-Calderon
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Psychology, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (D.D.-S.); (C.D.-B.); (F.F.-C.)
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Óscar M. Lozano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Psychology, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (D.D.-S.); (C.D.-B.); (F.F.-C.)
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- Correspondence:
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