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Gravesande J, Almeida de Oliveira L, Malik N, Vrkljan B, Zheng R, Gardner PM, Carlesso LC. Feasibility, Usability, and Acceptability of Online Mind-Body Exercise Programs for Older Adults: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2023; 29:538-549. [PMID: 36944159 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2022.0822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Engaging in mind-body exercises (MBEs: e.g., Tai Chi and yoga) can have physical and mental health benefits particularly for older adults. Many MBEs require precise timing and coordination of complex body postures posing challenges for online instruction. Such challenges include difficulty viewing instructors as they demonstrate different movements and lack of feedback to participants. With the shift of exercise programs to online platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a scoping review to examine the feasibility, usability, and acceptability of online MBE classes for older adults. Materials and Methods: We followed the scoping review methodology and adhered to the PRISMA reporting checklist. We searched five databases: Medline, Embase, CINHAL, Web of Science, and ACM digital library. Screening of articles and data extraction was conducted independently by two reviewers. Settings/Location: Online/virtual. Subjects: Older adults ≥55 years of age. Outcome Measures: Feasibility measures. Results: Of 6711 studies retrieved, 18 studies were included (715 participants, mean age 66.9 years). Studies reported moderate to high retention and adherence rates (mean >75%). Older adults reported online MBE classes were easy to use and reported high satisfaction with the online format. We also identified barriers (e.g., lack of space and privacy and unstable internet connection) and facilitators (e.g., convenience and technical support) to the online format. Opinions related to social connectedness were mixed. Conclusion: Online MBE programs for older adults appear to be a feasible and acceptable alternative to in-person programs. It is important to consider the type of exercise (e.g., MBE), diverse teaching styles, and learner needs when designing online exercise classes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natasha Malik
- Department of Communication Studies and Media Arts and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Brenda Vrkljan
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Rong Zheng
- Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paula M Gardner
- Department of Communication Studies and Media Arts and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lisa C Carlesso
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Hoang P, Whaley C, Thompson K, Ho V, Rehman U, Boluk K, Grindrod KA. Evaluation of an Intergenerational and Technological Intervention for Loneliness: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e23767. [PMID: 33595443 PMCID: PMC7929741 DOI: 10.2196/23767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social integration and mental health are vital aspects of healthy aging. However, close to half of Canadians older than 80 years report feeling socially isolated. Research has shown that social isolation leads to increased mortality and morbidity, and various interventions have been studied to alleviate loneliness among older adults. This proposal presents an evaluation of an intervention that provides one-on-one coaching, is intergenerational, provides both educational and socialization experiences, and increases technology literacy of older adults to overcome loneliness. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the protocol of a randomized, mixed-methods study that will take place in Ontario, Canada. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if an intergenerational technology literacy program can reduce social isolation and depression in older adults via quantitative and qualitative outcome measures. METHODS This study is a randomized, mixed-methods, feasibility trial with 2 conditions. Older adults in the intervention condition will receive 1 hour of weekly technological assistance to send an email to a family member, for 8 weeks, with the assistance of a volunteer. Participants in the control condition will not receive any intervention. The primary outcomes are loneliness, measured using the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and depression, measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, both of which are measured weekly. Secondary outcomes are quality of life, as assessed using the Older People's Quality of Life-Brief version, and technological literacy, evaluated using the Computer Proficiency Questionnaire-12, both of which will be administered before and after the intervention. Semistructured interviews will be completed before and after the intervention to assess participants' social connectedness, familiarity with technology, and their experience with the intervention. The study will be completed in a long-term care facility in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Significance was set at P<.05. RESULTS This study was funded in April 2019 and ethical approval was obtained in August 2019. Recruitment for the study started in November 2019. The intervention began in February 2020 but was halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The trial will be restarted when safe. As of March 2020, 8 participants were recruited. CONCLUSIONS Information and communication technology interventions have shown varying results in reducing loneliness and improving mental health among older adults. Few studies have examined the role of one-on-one coaching for older adults in addition to technology education in such interventions. Data from this study may have the potential to provide evidence for other groups to disseminate similar interventions in their respective communities. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/23767.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hoang
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,enTECH Computer Club, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Whaley
- enTECH Computer Club, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Thompson
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Venus Ho
- enTECH Computer Club, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Uzma Rehman
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Karla Boluk
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly A Grindrod
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Stefa-Missagli S, Unterrainer HF, Giupponi G, Wallner-Liebmann SJ, Kapfhammer HP, Conca A, Sarlo M, Berardelli I, Sarubbi S, Andriessen K, Krysinska K, Erbuto D, Moujaes-Droescher H, Lester D, Davok K, Pompili M. Influence of Spiritual Dimensions on Suicide Risk: The Role of Regional Differences. Arch Suicide Res 2020; 24:534-553. [PMID: 31271348 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2019.1639571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The field of suicide prevention has been enriched by research on the association between spirituality and suicide. Many authors have suggested focusing on the various dimensions of religiosity in order to better understand the association between religion and suicidal risk, but it is unclear whether the relationship between spirituality and suicidality differs between countries with different cultures, life values, and sociohistorical experiences. To explore this, the aim of this multicenter study was to investigate the possible relationship between suicide and spirituality in Italy and Austria. In the two countries, two different groups of subjects participated: psychiatric patients and university students. The patients were evaluated with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. In addition, the following measures were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale-B, the Symptom-Checklist-90-Standard, and the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being. Our results confirmed the multifactorial nature of the relation between suicide risk and the various religious/spiritual dimensions, including religious/spiritual well-being and hope immanent. However, regional differences moderated this relationship in both the clinical and nonclinical samples.
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O'Rourke HM, Collins L, Sidani S. Interventions to address social connectedness and loneliness for older adults: a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2018. [PMID: 30219034 DOI: 10.1186/s127877-018-0897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are at risk for loneliness, and interventions to promote social connectedness are needed to directly address this problem. The nature of interventions aimed to affect the distinct, subjective concepts of loneliness/social connectedness has not been clearly described. The purpose of this review was to map the literature on interventions and strategies to affect loneliness/social connectedness for older adults. METHODS A comprehensive scoping review was conducted. Six electronic databases were searched from inception in July 2015, resulting in 5530 unique records. Standardized inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a set of 44 studies (reported in 54 articles) for further analysis. Data were extracted to describe the interventions and strategies, and the context of the included studies. Analytic techniques included calculating frequencies, manifest content analysis and meta-summary. RESULTS Interventions were described or evaluated in 39 studies, and five studies described strategies to affect loneliness/social connectedness of older adults or their caregivers in a qualitative descriptive study. The studies were often conducted in the United States (38.6%) among community dwelling (54.5%), cognitively intact (31.8%), and female-majority (86.4%) samples. Few focused on non-white participants (4.5%). Strategies described most often were engaging in purposeful activity and maintaining contact with one's social network. Of nine intervention types identified, the most frequently described were One-to-One Personal Contact and Group Activity. Authors held divergent views of why the same type of intervention might impact social connectedness, but social contact was the most frequently conceptualized influencing factor targeted, both within and across intervention types. CONCLUSIONS Research to test the divergent theories of why interventions work is needed to advance understanding of intervention mechanisms. Innovative conceptualizations of intervention targets are needed, such as purposeful activity, that move beyond the current focus on the objective social network as a way to promote social connectedness for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M O'Rourke
- Faculty of Nursing Level 3, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - Laura Collins
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Souraya Sidani
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
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O'Rourke HM, Collins L, Sidani S. Interventions to address social connectedness and loneliness for older adults: a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2018. [PMID: 30219034 DOI: 10.1186/sl2877-018-0897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are at risk for loneliness, and interventions to promote social connectedness are needed to directly address this problem. The nature of interventions aimed to affect the distinct, subjective concepts of loneliness/social connectedness has not been clearly described. The purpose of this review was to map the literature on interventions and strategies to affect loneliness/social connectedness for older adults. METHODS A comprehensive scoping review was conducted. Six electronic databases were searched from inception in July 2015, resulting in 5530 unique records. Standardized inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a set of 44 studies (reported in 54 articles) for further analysis. Data were extracted to describe the interventions and strategies, and the context of the included studies. Analytic techniques included calculating frequencies, manifest content analysis and meta-summary. RESULTS Interventions were described or evaluated in 39 studies, and five studies described strategies to affect loneliness/social connectedness of older adults or their caregivers in a qualitative descriptive study. The studies were often conducted in the United States (38.6%) among community dwelling (54.5%), cognitively intact (31.8%), and female-majority (86.4%) samples. Few focused on non-white participants (4.5%). Strategies described most often were engaging in purposeful activity and maintaining contact with one's social network. Of nine intervention types identified, the most frequently described were One-to-One Personal Contact and Group Activity. Authors held divergent views of why the same type of intervention might impact social connectedness, but social contact was the most frequently conceptualized influencing factor targeted, both within and across intervention types. CONCLUSIONS Research to test the divergent theories of why interventions work is needed to advance understanding of intervention mechanisms. Innovative conceptualizations of intervention targets are needed, such as purposeful activity, that move beyond the current focus on the objective social network as a way to promote social connectedness for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M O'Rourke
- Faculty of Nursing Level 3, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - Laura Collins
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Souraya Sidani
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
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O’Rourke HM, Collins L, Sidani S. Interventions to address social connectedness and loneliness for older adults: a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:214. [PMID: 30219034 PMCID: PMC6139173 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are at risk for loneliness, and interventions to promote social connectedness are needed to directly address this problem. The nature of interventions aimed to affect the distinct, subjective concepts of loneliness/social connectedness has not been clearly described. The purpose of this review was to map the literature on interventions and strategies to affect loneliness/social connectedness for older adults. METHODS A comprehensive scoping review was conducted. Six electronic databases were searched from inception in July 2015, resulting in 5530 unique records. Standardized inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a set of 44 studies (reported in 54 articles) for further analysis. Data were extracted to describe the interventions and strategies, and the context of the included studies. Analytic techniques included calculating frequencies, manifest content analysis and meta-summary. RESULTS Interventions were described or evaluated in 39 studies, and five studies described strategies to affect loneliness/social connectedness of older adults or their caregivers in a qualitative descriptive study. The studies were often conducted in the United States (38.6%) among community dwelling (54.5%), cognitively intact (31.8%), and female-majority (86.4%) samples. Few focused on non-white participants (4.5%). Strategies described most often were engaging in purposeful activity and maintaining contact with one's social network. Of nine intervention types identified, the most frequently described were One-to-One Personal Contact and Group Activity. Authors held divergent views of why the same type of intervention might impact social connectedness, but social contact was the most frequently conceptualized influencing factor targeted, both within and across intervention types. CONCLUSIONS Research to test the divergent theories of why interventions work is needed to advance understanding of intervention mechanisms. Innovative conceptualizations of intervention targets are needed, such as purposeful activity, that move beyond the current focus on the objective social network as a way to promote social connectedness for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. O’Rourke
- Faculty of Nursing Level 3, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Laura Collins
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Souraya Sidani
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3 Canada
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Hooker SA, Ross K, Masters KS, Park CL, Hale AE, Allen LA, Bekelman DB. Denver Spirited Heart: Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of a Psychospiritual Intervention for Heart Failure Patients. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2018; 32:226-235. [PMID: 27076391 PMCID: PMC5061581 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased spiritual well-being is related to quality of life (QOL) in patients with heart failure (HF). However, consistent and deliberate integration of spirituality into HF patient care has received limited attention. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary evidence regarding the efficacy of a resource-sparing psychospiritual intervention to improve QOL in HF patients. METHODS A 12-week mail-based intervention addressing spirituality, stress, coping, and adjusting to illness was developed and tested using a mixed-methods, 1-group pretest-posttest pilot study design. A convenience sample of patients with HF completed prestudy and poststudy questionnaires, including the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual. Research staff conducted semistructured interviews with program completers. Interviews were coded and analyzed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS Participants (N = 33; 82% male; mean age, 61 years) completed 87% of baseline data collection, an average of 9 intervention modules, and 55% of poststudy questionnaires. Participants rated all the modules as at least moderately helpful, and qualitative themes suggested that patients found the intervention acceptable and beneficial. Most participants believed spirituality should continue to be included, although they disagreed on the extent to which religion should remain. Participants who completed the intervention reported evidence suggesting increased QOL (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; effect size [ES], 0.53), decreased depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; ES, 0.62), and less searching for meaning (Meaning in Life Questionnaire; ES, 0.52). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that a module-based program integrating spirituality and psychosocial coping strategies was feasible and acceptable and may improve QOL. This preliminary study suggests that clinicians be open to issues of spirituality as they may relate to QOL in patients with HF. Future research will test a revised intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Hooker
- Stephanie A. Hooker, MS, MPH PhD Candidate, Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver and Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Denver, Colorado. Kaile Ross, MA PhD Candidate, Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver. Kevin S. Masters, PhD Professor and Program Director, Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver. Crystal L. Park, PhD Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs. Amy E. Hale, PhD Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington. Larry A. Allen, MD, MHS Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora. David B. Bekelman, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Medicine and Nursing, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Healthcare System and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
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O'Rourke HM, Sidani S. Definition, Determinants, and Outcomes of Social Connectedness for Older Adults: A Scoping Review. J Gerontol Nurs 2017; 43:43-52. [PMID: 28399313 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20170223-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Social connectedness is critical to older adults' well-being, but is defined inconsistently and its determinants and outcomes have not been comprehensively described. The current scoping review mapped the definitions, determinants, and outcomes of social connectedness for older adults. By identifying the conceptual features described in most articles, social connectedness was defined as: the opposite of loneliness, a subjective evaluation of the extent to which one has meaningful, close, and constructive relationships with others (i.e., individuals, groups, and society). Social connectedness is operationalized into: (a) caring about others and feeling cared about by others, and (b) feeling of belonging to a group or community. One's social network and life satisfaction were the most frequently proposed determinant and outcome, respectively. This review resulted in a clear definition of social connectedness and comprehensive description of its possible determinants and outcomes. This clarity will support the development of interventions to enhance social connectedness for older adults. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43(7), 43-52.].
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