1
|
Dong M, Zhang X, Peng P, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Wan L, Xiang W, Liu G, Guo Y, Xiao Q, Wang B, Guo D, Zhu M, Yu X, Wan F. Hypoxia-induced TREM1 promotes mesenchymal-like states of glioma stem cells via alternatively activating tumor-associated macrophages. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216801. [PMID: 38479552 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma (GBM) cells characterized by aggressive invasion and therapeutic resistance is thought to be dependent on cell-intrinsic alteration and extrinsic cellular crosstalk. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are pivotal in tumor progression, chemo-resistance, angiogenesis, and stemness maintenance. However, the impact of TAMs on the shifts in glioma stem cells (GSCs) states remains largely uncovered. Herein, we showed that the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM1) preferentially expressed by M2-like TAMs and induced GSCs into mesenchymal-like states by modulating the secretion of TGFβ2, which activated the TGFβR/SMAD2/3 signaling in GSCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TREM1 was transcriptionally regulated by HIF1a under the hypoxic environment and thus promoted an immunosuppressive type of TAMs via activating the TLR2/AKT/mTOR/c-MYC axis. Collectively, this study reveals that cellular communication between TAMs and GSCs through the TREM1-mediated TGFβ2/TGFβR axis is involved in the mesenchymal-like transitions of GSCs. Our study provides valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms between the tumor immune microenvironment and the malignant characteristics of GBM, which can lead to potential novel strategies targeting TAMs for tumor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhai Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital to Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Zirong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lijun Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wang Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guohao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qungen Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao Q, Weng Z, Feng Y, Gong T, Zheng X, Zhang G, Gong L. KPNA2 suppresses porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by targeting and degrading virus envelope protein through selective autophagy. J Virol 2023; 97:e0011523. [PMID: 38038431 PMCID: PMC10734479 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00115-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Porcine epidemic diarrhea, characterized by vomiting, dehydration, and diarrhea, is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in neonatal piglets. This disease has caused large economic losses to the porcine industry worldwide. Thus, identifying the host factors involved in PEDV infection is important to develop novel strategies to control PEDV transmission. This study shows that PEDV infection upregulates karyopherin α 2 (KPNA2) expression in Vero and intestinal epithelial (IEC) cells. KPNA2 binds to and degrades the PEDV E protein via autophagy to suppress PEDV replication. These results suggest that KPNA2 plays an antiviral role against PEDV. Specifically, knockdown of endogenous KPNA2 enhances PEDV replication, whereas its overexpression inhibits PEDV replication. Our data provide novel KPNA2-mediated viral restriction mechanisms in which KPNA2 suppresses PEDV replication by targeting and degrading the viral E protein through autophagy. These mechanisms can be targeted in future studies to develop novel strategies to control PEDV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhi Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Song C, Gu J, Li C, Zang W, Shi L, Chen L, Zhu L, Zhou M, Wang T, Li H, Qi S, Lu Y. RBBP4 regulates the expression of the Mre11-Rad50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and promotes DNA double-strand break repair to mediate glioblastoma chemoradiotherapy resistance. Cancer Lett 2023; 557:216078. [PMID: 36736531 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
For treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), temozolomide (TMZ) and radiotherapy (RT) exert antitumor effects by inducing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), mainly via futile DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and inducing apoptosis. Here, we provide evidence that RBBP4 modulates glioblastoma resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy by recruiting transcription factors and epigenetic regulators that bind to their promoters to regulate the expression of the Mre11-Rad50-NBS1(MRN) complex and the level of DNA-DSB repair, which are closely associated with recovery from TMZ- and radiotherapy-induced DNA damage in U87MG and LN229 glioblastoma cells, which have negative MGMT expression. Disruption of RBBP4 induced GBM cell DNA damage and apoptosis in response to TMZ and radiotherapy and enhanced radiotherapy and chemotherapy sensitivity by the independent pathway of MGMT. These results displayed a possible chemo-radioresistant mechanism in MGMT negative GBM. In addition, the RBBP4-MRN complex regulation axis may provide an interesting target for developing therapy-sensitizing strategies for GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Junwei Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The First People's Hospital of Xiushui County, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chiyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Zang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuntao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Advanced Bioinformatics Analysis and Genetic Technologies for Targeting Autophagy in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060897. [PMID: 36980238 PMCID: PMC10047676 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults, a diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) continues to carry a poor prognosis. GBM is characterized by cytoprotective homeostatic processes such as the activation of autophagy, capability to confer therapeutic resistance, evasion of apoptosis, and survival strategy even in the hypoxic and nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment. The current gold standard of therapy, which involves radiotherapy and concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), has been a game-changer for patients with GBM, relatively improving both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS); however, TMZ is now well-known to upregulate undesirable cytoprotective autophagy, limiting its therapeutic efficacy for induction of apoptosis in GBM cells. The identification of targets utilizing bioinformatics-driven approaches, advancement of modern molecular biology technologies such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)—CRISPR-associated protein (Cas9) or CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, and usage of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation of gene expression led to the selection of many novel targets for new therapeutic development and the creation of promising combination therapies. This review explores the current state of advanced bioinformatics analysis and genetic technologies and their utilization for synergistic combination with TMZ in the context of inhibition of autophagy for controlling the growth of GBM.
Collapse
|
5
|
Song C, Zhu L, Gu J, Wang T, Shi L, Li C, Chen L, Xie S, Lu Y. A necroptosis-related lncRNA signature was identified to predict the prognosis and immune microenvironment of IDH-wild-type GBM. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1024208. [PMID: 36601479 PMCID: PMC9806237 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1024208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Necroptosis-related genes are essential for the advancement of IDH-wild-type GBM. However, the putative effects of necroptosis-related lncRNAs (nrlncRNAs) in IDH-wild-type GBM remain unknown. Methods By using the TCGA and GTEx databases, a nrlncRNA prognostic signature was created using LASSO Cox regression. The median risk score was used to categorize the patients into low and high-risk groups. To confirm the validity, univariate, multivariate Cox regression and ROC curves were used. Furthermore, by enrichment analysis, immune correlation analysis, and drug sensitivity analysis, the targeted lncRNAs were selected for further verification. As the highest upregulated expression in tumor than peritumor specimens, RP11-131L12.4 was selected for phenotype and functional experiments in primary GBM cells. Results Six lncRNAs were proved to be closely related to necroptosis in IDH-1-wild-type GBM, which were used to create a new signature. For 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS, the AUCs were 0.709, 0.645 and 0.694, respectively. Patients in the low-risk group had a better prognosis, stronger immune function activity, and more immune cell infiltration. In contrast, enrichment analysis revealed that the malignant phenotype was more prevalent in the high-risk group. In vitro experiments indicated that RP11-131L12.4 increased the tumor proliferation, migration and invasion, but decreased the necroptosis. Moreover, this nrlncRNA was also proved to be negatively associated with patient prognosis. Conclusion The signature of nrlncRNAs may aid in the formulation of tailored and precise treatment for individuals with IDH-wild-type GBM. RP11-131L12.4 may play indispensable role in necroptosis suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Liwen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chiyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sidi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Sidi Xie, ; Yuntao Lu,
| | - Yuntao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Sidi Xie, ; Yuntao Lu,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
IRF2 Destabilizes Oncogenic KPNA2 to Modulate the Development of Osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9973519. [PMID: 36199790 PMCID: PMC9529396 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9973519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcomas (OS) are the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Emerging evidence revealed that karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) was strongly associated with the tumorigenesis and development of numerous human cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression pattern, biological functions, and underlying mechanism of KPNA2 in OS. Bioinformatics TFBIND online was applied to forecast transcription factor (TF) binding sites in the promoter region of KPNA2. The expression profile of KPNA2 in OS tissues were firstly assessed. CCK8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays were used to assess cell viability, proliferation, and migration in vitro, and in vivo experiments were performed to explore the effects of KPNA2 and interferon regulatory factor-2 (IRF2) on tumor growth. Furthermore, the correlation between IRF2 and KPNA2 was investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), RT-qPCR, western blot, and dual-luciferase assays. KPNA2 was obviously upregulated, while IRF2 decreased significantly in OS tissues and cell lines, as well as negatively correlated with each other. KPNA2 removal remarkably suppressed OS cell growth, migration, invasion in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo, while IRF2 knockdown exerts an opposing effect. IRF2 binds to the KPNA2 promoter to modulate the malignant phenotypes of OS cells by regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The present study demonstrated that KPNA2 performed the oncogenic function, possibly regulating tumor development through EMT. Importantly, it was confirmed that IRF2 serves as a potential upstream TF of KPNA2 involved in the regulation of EMT progress in OS.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sanati M, Binabaj MM, Ahmadi SS, Aminyavari S, Javid H, Mollazadeh H, Bibak B, Mohtashami E, Jamialahmadi T, Afshari AR, Sahebkar A. Recent advances in glioblastoma multiforme therapy: A focus on autophagy regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113740. [PMID: 36166963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite conventional treatment options including chemoradiation, patients with the most aggressive primary brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), experience an average survival time of less than 15 months. Regarding the malignant nature of GBM, extensive research and discovery of novel treatments are urgently required to improve the patients' prognosis. Autophagy, a crucial physiological pathway for the degradation and recycling of cell components, is one of the exciting targets of GBM studies. Interventions aimed at autophagy activation or inhibition have been explored as potential GBM therapeutics. This review, which delves into therapeutic techniques to block or activate autophagy in preclinical and clinical research, aims to expand our understanding of available therapies battling GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Bahram Bibak
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohtashami
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi W, Ding W, Zhao Z, Wang R, Wang F, Tang Y, Zhu J, Su C, Zhao X, Liu L. Peroxidase is a novel potential marker in glioblastoma through bioinformatics method and experimental validation. Front Genet 2022; 13:990344. [PMID: 36118855 PMCID: PMC9471987 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.990344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxidase (PXDN), a specific extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated protein, has been determined as a tumor indicator and therapeutic target in various tumors. However, the effects of PXDN in prognostic performance and clinical implications in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains unknown. Here, we assessed PXDN expression pattern and its performance on prognosis among GBM cases from TCGA and CGGA databases. PXDN was up-regulated within GBM samples in comparison with normal control. High PXDN expression was a dismal prognostic indicator in GBM. Single cell RNA analysis was conducted to detect the cell localization of PXDN. We also set up a PPI network to explore the interacting protein associated with PXDN, including TSKU, COL4A1 and COL5A1. Consistently, functional enrichment analysis revealed that several cancer hallmarks were enriched in the GBM cases with high PXDN expression, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fatty acid metabolism, glycolysis, hypoxia, inflammatory response, and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Next, this study analyzed the association of PXDN expression and immunocyte infiltration. PXDN expression was in direct proportion to the infiltrating degrees of NK cells resting, T cells regulatory, M0 macrophage, monocytes and eosinophils. The roles of PXDN on immunity were further estimated by PXDN-associated immunomodulators. In addition, four prognosis-related lncRNAs co-expressed with PXDN were identified. Finally, we observed that PXDN depletion inhibits GBM cell proliferation and migration by in vitro experiments. Our data suggested that PXDN has the potential to be a powerful prognostic biomarker, which might offer a basis for developing therapeutic targets for GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Shi
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenjie Ding
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fengxu Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanfen Tang
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chengcheng Su
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Liu, , Xinyuan Zhao,
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Liu, , Xinyuan Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang Z, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Liu L, Huang C. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: The history, regulatory mechanism, and cancer therapeutic opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e144. [PMID: 35601657 PMCID: PMC9115588 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a program wherein epithelial cells lose their junctions and polarity while acquiring mesenchymal properties and invasive ability. Originally defined as an embryogenesis event, EMT has been recognized as a crucial process in tumor progression. During EMT, cell–cell junctions and cell–matrix attachments are disrupted, and the cytoskeleton is remodeled to enhance mobility of cells. This transition of phenotype is largely driven by a group of key transcription factors, typically Snail, Twist, and ZEB, through epigenetic repression of epithelial markers, transcriptional activation of matrix metalloproteinases, and reorganization of cytoskeleton. Mechanistically, EMT is orchestrated by multiple pathways, especially those involved in embryogenesis such as TGFβ, Wnt, Hedgehog, and Hippo, suggesting EMT as an intrinsic link between embryonic development and cancer progression. In addition, redox signaling has also emerged as critical EMT modulator. EMT confers cancer cells with increased metastatic potential and drug resistant capacity, which accounts for tumor recurrence in most clinic cases. Thus, targeting EMT can be a therapeutic option providing a chance of cure for cancer patients. Here, we introduce a brief history of EMT and summarize recent advances in understanding EMT mechanisms, as well as highlighting the therapeutic opportunities by targeting EMT in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang X, Wang Y, Xie F, Song ZT, Zhang ZQ, Zhao Y, Wang SD, Hu H, Zhang YS, Qian LJ. Norepinephrine promotes glioma cell migration through up-regulating the expression of Twist1. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:213. [PMID: 35219305 PMCID: PMC8882280 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma cells are characterized by high migration ability, resulting in aggressive growth of the tumors and poor prognosis of patients. It has been reported that the stress-induced hormone norepinephrine (NE) contributes to tumor progression through mediating a number of important biological processes in various cancers. However, the role of NE in the regulation of glioma migration is still unclear. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the most important steps for tumor migration and metastasis. Twist1, as a key regulator of EMT, has been found to be elevated during glioma migration. But it is still unknown whether Twist1 is involved in the effect of NE on the migration of glioma cells. Methods Wound healing assay and transwell assay were conducted to evaluate the migration of glioma cells upon different treatments. The mesenchymal-like phenotype and the expression of Twist1 after NE treatment were assessed by cell diameters, real-time PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The gain-and loss-of-function experiments were carried out to investigate the biological function of Twist1 in the migration induced by NE. Finally, the clinical significance of Twist1 was explored among three public glioma datasets. Results In this study, our finding revealed a facilitative effect of NE on glioma cell migration in a β-adrenergic receptor (ADRB)-dependent way. Mechanistically, NE induced mesenchymal-like phenotype and the expression of Twist1. Twist1 overexpression promoted glioma cells migration, while knockdown of Twist1 abolished the discrepancy in the migration ability between NE treated glioma cells and control cells. In addition, the clinical analysis demonstrated that Twist1 was up-regulated in malignant gliomas and recurrent gliomas, and predicted a poor prognosis of glioma patients. Conclusions NE enhanced the migration ability of glioma cells through elevating the expression of Twist1. Our finding may provide potential therapeutic target for protecting patients with glioma from the detrimental effects of stress biology on the tumor progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09330-9.
Collapse
|
11
|
Si L, Yang Z, Ding L, Zhang D. Regulatory effects of lncRNAs and miRNAs on the crosstalk between autophagy and EMT in cancer: a new era for cancer treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:547-564. [PMID: 35083552 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autophagy and EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) are the two principal biological processes and ideal therapeutic targets during cancer development. Autophagy, a highly conserved process for degrading dysfunctional cellular components, plays a dual role in tumors depending on the tumor stage and tissue types. The EMT process is the transition differentiation from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal-like cell and acquiring metastatic potential. There is evidence that the crosstalk between autophagy and EMT is complex in cancer. In recent years, more studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in autophagy, EMT, and their crosstalk. Therefore, accurate understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs and miRNAs in autophagy, EMT and their interactions is crucial for the clinical management of cancers. METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted on the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The keywords used for the search included: autophagy, EMT, crosstalk, lncRNAs, miRNAs, cancers, diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. This search provided relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals until 2021. Data from these various studies were extracted and used in this review. RESULTS The results showed that lncRNAs/miRNAs as tumor inhibitors or tumor inducers could regulate autophagy, EMT, and their interaction by regulating several molecular signaling pathways. The lncRNAs/miRNAs involved in autophagy and EMT processes could have potential uses in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. CONCLUSION Such information could help find and develop lncRNAs/miRNAs based new tools for diagnosing, prognosis, and creating anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Si
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Zecheng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Duoduo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
MicroRNA-517c Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Downregulation of KPNA2 and Inhibition of PI3K/AKT Pathway. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:7026174. [PMID: 35075389 PMCID: PMC8783737 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7026174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a kind of solid and highly aggressive malignant tumor with poor prognosis. MicroRNA (miRNA/miR) has been confirmed to be involved in HCC development. The current study focused on the functions and mechanisms of miR-517c in HCC. METHODS Expressions of miR-517c and Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) mRNA in HCC cell lines and tissue samples were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot was conducted for detections of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and PI3K/AKT markers. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Transwell assays were utilized to investigate the influence of miR-517c on HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. TargetScan and luciferase reporter assay were performed to search for the potential target gene of miR-517c. RESULTS We demonstrated that miR-517c expressions were decreased in HCC tissues and cells. Moreover, the clinical analysis showed that decreased miR-517c expressions in HCC tissues correlated with shorter overall survival and malignant clinicopathologic features of HCC patients. MTT assay showed that miR-517c upregulation prominently repressed HCC cell proliferation. In addition, miR-517c restoration could significantly suppress HCC cell invasion and migration as demonstrated by Transwell assays. We also found that miR-517c directly targeted KPNA2 and regulated the PI3K/AKT pathway and EMT, exerting prohibitory functions in HCC. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study stated that miR-517c inhibited HCC progression via regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and EMT and targeting KPNA2 in HCC, providing a novel insight into HCC treatment.
Collapse
|
13
|
Santoni G, Amantini C, Nabissi M, Arcella A, Maggi F, Santoni M, Morelli MB. Functional In Vitro Assessment of VEGFA/NOTCH2 Signaling Pathway and pRB Proteasomal Degradation and the Clinical Relevance of Mucolipin TRPML2 Overexpression in Glioblastoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020688. [PMID: 35054871 PMCID: PMC8775570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant glioma with an extremely poor prognosis. It is characterized by high vascularization and its growth depends on the formation of new blood vessels. We have previously demonstrated that TRPML2 mucolipin channel expression increases with the glioma pathological grade. Herein by ddPCR and Western blot we found that the silencing of TRPML2 inhibits expression of the VEGFA/Notch2 angiogenic pathway. Moreover, the VEGFA/Notch2 expression increased in T98 and U251 cells stimulated with the TRPML2 agonist, ML2-SA1, or by enforced-TRPML2 levels. In addition, changes in TRPML2 expression or ML2-SA1-induced stimulation, affected Notch2 activation and VEGFA release. An increased invasion capability, associated with a reduced VEGF/VEGFR2 expression and increased vimentin and CD44 epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in siTRPML2, but not in enforced-TRPML2 or ML2-SA1-stimulated glioma cells, was demonstrated. Furthermore, an increased sensitivity to Doxorubicin cytotoxicity was demonstrated in siTRPML2, whereas ML2-SA1-treated GBM cells were more resistant. The role of proteasome in Cathepsin B-dependent and -independent pRB degradation in siTRPML2 compared with siGLO cells was studied. Finally, through Kaplan-Meier analysis, we found that high TRPML2 mRNA expression strongly correlates with short survival in GBM patients, supporting TRPML2 as a negative prognostic factor in GBM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (M.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0737403319 (G.S.); +39-0737403312 (M.B.M.)
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Antonietta Arcella
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy;
| | - Federica Maggi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (M.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0737403319 (G.S.); +39-0737403312 (M.B.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marini F, Giusti F, Palmini G, Perigli G, Santoro R, Brandi ML. Genetics and Epigenetics of Parathyroid Carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:834362. [PMID: 35282432 PMCID: PMC8908968 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.834362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is an extremely rare malignancy, accounting less than 1% of all parathyroid neoplasms, and an uncommon cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), characterized by an excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and severe hypercalcemia. As opposed to parathyroid hyperplasia and adenomas, PC is associated with a poor prognosis, due to a commonly unmanageable hypercalcemia, which accounts for death in the majority of cases, and an overall survival rate of 78-85% and 49-70% at 5 and 10 years after diagnosis, respectively. No definitively effective therapies for PC are currently available. The mainly employed treatment for PC is the surgical removal of tumoral gland(s). Post-surgical persistent or recurrent disease manifest in about 50% of patients. The comprehension of genetic and epigenetic bases and molecular pathways that characterize parathyroid carcinogenesis is important to distinguish malignant PCs from benign adenomas, and to identify specific targets for novel therapies. Germline heterozygote inactivating mutations of the CDC73 tumor suppressor gene, with somatic loss of heterozygosity at 1q31.2 locus, account for about 50-75% of familial cases; over 75% of sporadic PCs harbor biallelic somatic inactivation/loss of CDC73. Recurrent mutations of the PRUNE2 gene, a recurrent mutation in the ADCK1 gene, genetic amplification of the CCND1 gene, alterations of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and modifications of microRNA expression profile and gene promoter methylation pattern have all been detected in PC. Here, we review the current knowledge on gene mutations and epigenetic changes that have been associated with the development of PC, in both familial and sporadic forms of this malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sulle Malattie dell'Osso (F.I.R.M.O.) Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Giusti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gaia Palmini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuliano Perigli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU)-Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Santoro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU)-Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sulle Malattie dell'Osso (F.I.R.M.O.) Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Luisa Brandi,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang C, Su H, Cheng R, Ji H. SPAG5 Is Involved in Human Gliomagenesis Through the Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:673780. [PMID: 34796102 PMCID: PMC8592975 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.673780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most frequent malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Objective To explore the role of sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) in glioma. Methods The association between SPAG5 expression and clinical features was investigated based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. The function of SPAG5 in glioma was analyzed using U87 and U251 cells. Knockdown glioma cells were constructed by shRNA interference. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of SPAG5 and Cadherin 2 (CDH2). Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, caspase 3/7 assay, and high-content screening (HCS) proliferation analysis and colony formation assay. Transwell assays and wound-healing assays were used to investigate cell migration and invasion. Results The increased expression of SPAG5 was correlated with poor outcomes in glioma patients. Knocking down SPAG5 could inhibit the proliferation and colony formation and promoted the apoptosis of glioma cells. Knocking down SPAG5 could also inhibit cell migration and invasion and the expression of CDH2. Overexpression of CDH2 with SPAG5 depletion could restore the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of glioma cells, which also promoted cell migration and invasion. Conclusions SPAG5 is a promising prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target for clinical intervention in glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haiyang Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun Y, Li W, Li X, Zheng H, Qiu Y, Yang H. Oncogenic role of karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) in human tumors: A pan-cancer analysis. Comput Biol Med 2021; 139:104955. [PMID: 34735944 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KPNA2, a nuclear export protein that plays an important role in tumorigenesis, is an emerging hotspot target in oncology. Despite increasing supporting evidence of its importance, no pan-cancer analysis, across multiple databases, is available for in-depth data mining of the gene. METHODS Tumor data from both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were explored to investigate the potential oncogenic roles of KPNA2. Diverse analytical methods were used to gain a full-scale understanding of KPNA2: gene expression, survival situations, genetic mutations, DNA methylation, sites of protein phosphorylation, immunocyte infiltration, and correlative cellular pathways. RESULTS KPNA2 is highly expressed in many cancers, and different correlations exist between KPNA2 expression and prognosis of cancer patients. cBioPortal reported that a nonsense mutation of R285* was considered to be the primary tumorigenic genetic alteration to KPNA2 and was found in cases of LUSC, STAD, and CESC. Enhanced phosphorylation of S62 was found in several cancers and the level of infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts was found to be linearly correlated with KPNA2 expression levels in ACC, BRCA, MESO, TGCT, THCA, and THYM. Correlations between KPNA2 DNA methylation and the pathogenesis of various tumors in TCGA were further identified. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis identified cell cycle, microtubule binding, and tubulin binding functions for KPNA2. CONCLUSION This is the first pan-cancer analysis focusing on KPNA2. It provides a comprehensive understanding about the role of KPNA2 in tumorigenesis and highlights the potential targeted role of KPNA2 for cancer study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Affiliated Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Amy Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chang YL, Li YF, Chou CH, Huang LC, Wu YP, Kao Y, Tsai CK. Diosmin Inhibits Glioblastoma Growth through Inhibition of Autophagic Flux. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10453. [PMID: 34638796 PMCID: PMC8508850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diosmin, a natural flavone glycoside acquired through dehydrogenation of the analogous flavanone glycoside hesperidin, is plentiful in many citrus fruits. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor; the average survival time of GBM patients is less than 18 months after standard treatment. The present study demonstrated that diosmin, which is able to cross the blood-brain barrier, inhibited GBM cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Diosmin also impeded migration and invasion by GBM8401and LN229 GBM cells by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as indicated by increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of Snail and Twist. Diosmin also suppressed autophagic flux, as indicated by increased expression of LC3-II and p62, and induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Importantly, diosmin did not exert serious cytotoxic effects toward control SVG-p12 astrocytes, though it did reduce astrocyte viability at high concentrations. These findings provide potentially helpful support to the development of new therapies for the treatment of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Lung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (L.-C.H.); (Y.-P.W.)
| | - Yao-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Hsing Chou
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (L.-C.H.); (Y.-P.W.)
| | - Yi-Ping Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (L.-C.H.); (Y.-P.W.)
| | - Ying Kao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taipei 10341, Taiwan
- University of Taipei, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lai M, Liu L, Zhu L, Feng W, Luo J, Liu Y, Deng S. Triptolide reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioma cells via inducing autophagy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1304. [PMID: 34532441 PMCID: PMC8422147 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background To observe the effects of triptolide (TP) on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of glioma cells, and to explore the possible mechanisms of phenotypic changes in EMT. Methods The U87 and U251 glioma cell lines were treated TP. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to detect the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TP in these two cell lines and the inhibition of cell proliferation at the IC50 concentration. The wound-healing experiment and Transwell invasion assay were used to detect the cells’ migration and invasion abilities, respectively. Using western blot protocol, the expression levels of the EMT markers were analyzed, and the levels of the autophagy markers were also detected. The pEGFP-C2-LC3B plasmid was transfected into glioma cells, and the effect of TP on autophagy was detected by immunofluorescence. A subcutaneous tumor model in nude mice was established to observe the effect of TP on cell proliferation in vivo, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression levels of EMT markers in mouse tumor tissues. Results TP significantly inhibited the proliferation of U87 and U251 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. TP had a significant inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of U87 and U251 cells. Western blot showed that TP reversed the process of EMT in glioma cells, which was evidenced by the upregulated expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, and the downregulated expression of the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, Vimentin, ZEB1, Snail, and Slug. TP increased autophagy in glioma cells, increased the LC3B II/I ratio, and upregulated Beclin-1 and Atg-7 expression. Immunofluorescence showed that the number of autophagosomes increased significantly after TP was applied to cells. In the nude mouse subcutaneous tumor model, experiments revealed an inhibitory effect of TP on glioma cell proliferation in vivo. IHC confirmed that the expression of E-cadherin was upregulated in mouse tumor tissues, while the expression levels of N-Cadherin and Vimentin were downregulated. Conclusions TP can inhibit glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and reverse EMT progression. The possible mechanism of EMT reversal in glioma cells is that TP induces autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minfang Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Long Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenping Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jilai Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengze Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Glutamate-Oxaloacetate Transaminase 1 Impairs Glycolysis by Interacting with Pyruvate Carboxylase and Further Inhibits the Malignant Phenotypes of Glioblastoma Cells. World Neurosurg 2021; 154:e616-e626. [PMID: 34325031 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycolysis is an important metabolic manner in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)'s rapid growth. It has been reported that glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1) is low-expressed in GBM and patients with high-expressed GOT1 have better prognosis. However, the effect and mechanism of GOT1 on glycolysis and malignant phenotypes of GBM cells are still unclear. METHODS The expression differences of GOT1 between GBM parenchyma and adjacent tissues were detected. The prognosis and clinical data with different levels of GOT1 were also analyzed. The glucose consumption, production of lactate and pyruvate were measured after GOT1 was knocked down or overexpressed. The effects of GOT1 on GBM cell's malignant phenotypes were analyzed by Western blot, CCK-8 assay, and flow cytometry. The relationship between GOT1 and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) was examined by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. RESULTS GOT1 was expressed little in GBM, and patients with highly expressed GOT1 had longer survival periods. Overexpressed GOT1 inhibited the glycolysis and malignant phenotypes of GBM cells. 2-DG treatment could partially reverse the enhancement of malignant phenotypes caused by knockdown of GOT1. The expression of GOT1 was positively correlated with PC. The inhibitory effect of GOT1 on glycolysis could be partially reversed by PC's knockdown. CONCLUSIONS GOT1 could impair glycolysis by interacting with PC and further inhibit the malignant phenotypes of GBM cells.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jia Y, Feng Q, Tang B, Luo X, Yang Q, Yang H, Li Q. Decorin Suppresses Invasion and EMT Phenotype of Glioma by Inducing Autophagy via c-Met/Akt/mTOR Axis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659353. [PMID: 34386415 PMCID: PMC8353327 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decorin exhibits inhibitory effects in tumorigenesis in various types of cancers. The clinical characteristics of 42 patients with GBM were reviewed and analyzed. Lentiviral constructs for decorin overexpression and shRNA-mediated silencing were established for U87MG cells and T98G cells, respectively. The expressions of EMT- and autophagy-associated markers were detected in GBM cell lines. The migration and invasion of the glioma cells were assayed to reflect the malignant behavior of GBM. A mouse xenograft model was used to verify the effect of decorin on autophagy in vivo. Reduced expression of decorin in glioma tissues was associated with a poor survival of the patients. Decorin overexpression suppressed cell migration, invasion and attenuated EMT phenotype in glioma cell lines. Further study indicated that decorin inhibited EMT phenotype through the induction of autophagy. The mechanisms include inhibiting the activation of c-Met/Akt/mTOR signaling and regulating the expressions of mesenchymal markers including Slug, vimentin and Twist, and epithelial marker E-cadherin. In addition, decorin overexpression in a mice model can also suppress the GBM invasion and EMT phenotype. In conclusion, decorin suppresses invasion and EMT phenotype of glioma by inducing autophagy via c-Met/Akt/mTOR axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
He Y, Shi Y, Yang Y, Huang H, Feng Y, Wang Y, Zhan L, Wei B. Chrysin induces autophagy through the inactivation of the ROS‑mediated Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in endometrial cancer. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:172. [PMID: 34278450 PMCID: PMC8285048 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is widely known as an aggressive malignancy. Due to the limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis of patients with advanced-stage EC, there is a need to identify effective alternative treatments. Chrysin is a naturally active flavonoid (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), which has been demonstrated to exert anticancer effects and may present a novel strategy for EC treatment. However, the role of chrysin in EC remains largely unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the anticancer effects of chrysin on EC. The results revealed that, in addition to apoptosis, chrysin increased the LC3II expression levels and markedly accelerated the autophagic flux, suggesting that chrysin induced both the autophagy and apoptosis of EC cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine enhanced the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and the promotion of the chrysin-induced apoptosis of EC cells, indicating that chrysin-induced autophagy was a cytoprotective mechanism. Additionally, chrysin led to the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment significantly inhibited chrysin-induced autophagy, suggesting that ROS activated autophagy induced by chrysin in EC cells. Furthermore, the phosphorylated (p-) Akt and p-mTOR levels were significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner following treatment with chrysin, while NAC blocked these effects. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that chrysin-induced autophagy via the inactivation of the ROS-mediated Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in EC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yuchuan Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Feng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yunmeng Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Y, Qin C, Yang G, Zhao B, Wang W. The role of autophagy in pancreatic cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188592. [PMID: 34274449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with pancreatic cancer have an abysmal survival rate. The poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer is due to the difficulty of making an early diagnosis, high rate of metastasis, and frequent chemoresistance. In recent years, as a self-regulatory procedure within cells, the effect and mechanism of autophagy have been explored. Dysregulated autophagy serves as a double-edged sword in cancer development in which autophagy inhibits cancer initiation but promotes cancer progression. After tumor formation, activation of autophagy can induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition, regulate metabolism, specifically glutamine usage and the glycolytic process, and mediate drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. Multiple genes, RNA molecules, proteins, and certain drugs exert antitumor effects by inhibiting autophagy-mediated drug resistance. Several clinical trials have combined autophagy inhibitors with chemotherapeutic drugs in pancreatic cancer treatment, some of which have shown promising results. In conclusion, autophagy plays a vital role in pancreatic cancer progression and deserves further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Bangbo Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang W, Liu Z, Liu B, Jiang M, Yan S, Han X, Shen H, Na M, Wang Y, Ren Z, Liu B, Jiang Z, Gao Y, Lin Z. GNG5 is a novel oncogene associated with cell migration, proliferation, and poor prognosis in glioma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:297. [PMID: 34098960 PMCID: PMC8186147 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although many biomarkers have been reported for detecting glioma, the prognosis for the disease remains poor, and therefore, new biomarkers need to be identified. GNG5, which is part of the G-protein family, has been associated with different malignant tumors, though the role of GNG5 in glioma has not been studied. Therefore, we aimed to identify the relationship between GNG5 and glioma prognosis and identify a new biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas. Methods We used data on more than a thousand gliomas from multiple databases and clinical data to determine the expression of GNG5 in glioma. Based on clinical data and CGGA database, we identified the correlation between GNG5 and multiple molecular and clinical features and prognosis using various analytical methods. Co-expression analysis and GSEA were performed to detect GNG5-related genes in glioma and possible signaling pathways involved. ESTIMATE, ssGSEA, and TIMER were used to detect the relationship between GNG5 and the immune microenvironment. Functional experiments were performed to explore the function of GNG5 in glioma cells. Results GNG5 is highly expressed in gliomas, and its expression level is positively correlated with pathological grade, histological type, age, and tumor recurrence and negatively correlated with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation, 1p/19 co-deletion, and chemotherapy. Moreover, GNG5 as an independent risk factor was negatively correlated with the overall survival time. GSEA revealed the potential signaling pathways involved in GNG5 function in gliomas, including cell adhesion molecules signaling pathway. The ssGSEA, ESTIMATE, and TIMER based analysis indicated a correlation between GNG5 expression and various immune cells in glioma. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that GNG5 could participate in glioma cell proliferation and migration. Conclusions Based on the large data platform and the use of different databases to corroborate results obtained using various datasets, as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments, our study reveals for the first time that GNG5, as an oncogene, is overexpressed in gliomas and can inhibit the proliferation and migration of glioma cells and lead to poor prognosis of patients. Thus, GNG5 is a potential novel biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gliomas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-01935-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliate Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Binchao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery of Xing, Tai People's Hospital, Xing Tai, China
| | - Miaomiao Jiang
- Department of the Pathology, The First Affiliate Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliate Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xian Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliate Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliate Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Meng Na
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliate Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yanbiao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Zhishuai Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Binfeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Zhenfeng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliate Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
| | - Zhiguo Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliate Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Batara DCR, Choi MC, Shin HU, Kim H, Kim SH. Friend or Foe: Paradoxical Roles of Autophagy in Gliomagenesis. Cells 2021; 10:1411. [PMID: 34204169 PMCID: PMC8227518 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor in adults, with a poor median survival of approximately 15 months after diagnosis. Despite several decades of intensive research on its cancer biology, treatment for GBM remains a challenge. Autophagy, a fundamental homeostatic mechanism, is responsible for degrading and recycling damaged or defective cellular components. It plays a paradoxical role in GBM by either promoting or suppressing tumor growth depending on the cellular context. A thorough understanding of autophagy's pleiotropic roles is needed to develop potential therapeutic strategies for GBM. In this paper, we discussed molecular mechanisms and biphasic functions of autophagy in gliomagenesis. We also provided a summary of treatments for GBM, emphasizing the importance of autophagy as a promising molecular target for treating GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Don Carlo Ramos Batara
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (D.C.R.B.); (H.-U.S.)
| | - Moon-Chang Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Hyeon-Uk Shin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (D.C.R.B.); (H.-U.S.)
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (D.C.R.B.); (H.-U.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xie S, Zhang Y, Peng T, Guo J, Cao Y, Guo J, Shi X, Li Y, Liu Y, Qi S, Wang H. TMEFF2 promoter hypermethylation is an unfavorable prognostic marker in gliomas. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:148. [PMID: 33663520 PMCID: PMC7931334 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2) is a transmembrane protein in the tomoregulin family. Little research has been performed to determine whether TMEFF2 methylation is a prognostic marker in adult diffuse gliomas. METHODS In this study, we investigated TMEFF2 expression in surgical glioma tissue samples. In addition, we conducted bisulfite amplicon sequencing (BSAS) and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) to evaluate TMEFF2 methylation in glioblastoma (GBM) cells. Subsequently, we investigated the biological function of TMEFF2 in GBM cells. Moreover, we explored the prognostic significance of TMEFF2 in gliomas by analysing a cohort dataset from TCGA. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis of 75 paired glioma tumour and peritumoural tissues demonstrated that glioma tumour tissues expressed lower TMEFF2 levels than peritumoural tissues (P < 0.001). TMEFF2 promoter methylation levels were increased in glioblastoma cells compared with SVG p12 cells (P < 0.001). Inhibition of methylation reduced TMEFF2 methylation and increased its expression in LN229 and T98G cells (P < 0.05). Knockdown of TMEFF2 expression significantly promoted the proliferation of U87MG cells and primary GBM cells (P < 0.05). TMEFF2 methylation is negatively associated with IDH1, ATRX and TP53 mutations, and the subtype of glioma harbouring combined IDH1/ATRX/TP53 mutations was associated with low TMEFF2 methylation levels. Survival analysis confirmed that low TMEFF2 methylation levels are associated with good prognosis in glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TMEFF2 DNA methylation might be associated with glioma tumour progression and could serve as a valuable prognostic marker for adult diffuse gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfu Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518116, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Li
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kuijjer ML, Fagny M, Marin A, Quackenbush J, Glass K. PUMA: PANDA Using MicroRNA Associations. Bioinformatics 2021; 36:4765-4773. [PMID: 32860050 PMCID: PMC7750953 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Conventional methods to analyze genomic data do not make use of the interplay between multiple factors, such as between microRNAs (miRNAs) and the messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts they regulate, and thereby often fail to identify the cellular processes that are unique to specific tissues. We developed PUMA (PANDA Using MicroRNA Associations), a computational tool that uses message passing to integrate a prior network of miRNA target predictions with target gene co-expression information to model genome-wide gene regulation by miRNAs. We applied PUMA to 38 tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project, integrating RNA-Seq data with two different miRNA target predictions priors, built on predictions from TargetScan and miRanda, respectively. We found that while target predictions obtained from these two different resources are considerably different, PUMA captures similar tissue-specific miRNA–target regulatory interactions in the different network models. Furthermore, the tissue-specific functions of miRNAs we identified based on regulatory profiles (available at: https://kuijjer.shinyapps.io/puma_gtex/) are highly similar between networks modeled on the two target prediction resources. This indicates that PUMA consistently captures important tissue-specific miRNA regulatory processes. In addition, using PUMA we identified miRNAs regulating important tissue-specific processes that, when mutated, may result in disease development in the same tissue. Availability and implementation PUMA is available in C++, MATLAB and Python on GitHub (https://github.com/kuijjerlab and https://netzoo.github.io/). Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke L Kuijjer
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo 0318, Norway
| | - Maud Fagny
- UMR7206 Eco-Anthropologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris, Paris 75016, France
| | - Alessandro Marin
- Centre for Computing in Science Education, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yin G, Yu B, Liu C, Lin Y, Xie Z, Hu Y, Lin H. Exosomes produced by adipose-derived stem cells inhibit schwann cells autophagy and promote the regeneration of the myelin sheath. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 132:105921. [PMID: 33421632 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is encountered relatively commonly in the clinic and often results in long-term functional deficits. Research to develop methods to improve regeneration following nerve injury is ongoing. Numerous studies have shown that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) promote the regeneration of peripheral nerve injury; however, the mechanism is unclear. Autophagy, a highly conserved intracellular process responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and Schwann cells (SCs), play important roles in regeneration after PNI. In the present study, we explored the effect and mechanism of exosomes produced by adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC-Exos) on autophagy of SCs in PNI, as well as their effect on the regeneration of the nerve myelin sheath. The levels of autophagy and the expression of karyopherin subunit alpha 2 (Kpna2) in SCs increased markedly after the sciatic nerve was injured in SCs (SNI-SCs). The enhanced autophagy and the upregulated Kpna2 in SNI-SCs were inhibited after treatment with ADSC-Exos in vivo and in vitro. The effect of ADSC-Exos on inhibiting SC autophagy was blocked by overexpression of Kpna2 in SNI-SCs. Using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, ADSC-Exos were demonstrated to contain a large amount of miRNA-26b, which was predicted to regulate Kpna2 on the TargetScan website. The effect of ADSC-Exos on inhibiting SCs autophagy was blocked after the silencing of miRNA-26b. Moreover, ADSC-Exos promoted the regeneration of the myelin sheath by inhibiting SC autophagy in rat SNI models. In conclusion, our results indicated that ADSC-Exos promote the regeneration of the myelin sheath by moderately reducing autophagy of injured SCs via miRNA-26b downregulation of Kpna2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Caiyue Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yaofa Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zheng Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yiping Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Haodong Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shan C, Chen X, Cai H, Hao X, Li J, Zhang Y, Gao J, Zhou Z, Li X, Liu C, Li P, Wang K. The Emerging Roles of Autophagy-Related MicroRNAs in Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:134-150. [PMID: 33390839 PMCID: PMC7757044 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.50773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process involving the degradation and recycling of damaged biomacromolecules or organelles through lysosomal-dependent pathways and plays a crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis. Consequently, abnormal autophagy is associated with multiple diseases, such as infectious diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Currently, autophagy is considered to be a dual regulator in cancer, functioning as a suppressor in the early stage while supporting the growth and metastasis of cancer cells in the later stage and may also produce therapeutic resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by silencing targeted mRNA. MiRNAs have great regulatory potential for several fundamental biological processes, including autophagy. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have linked miRNA dysfunction to the growth, metabolism, migration, metastasis, and responses of cancer cells to therapy. Therefore, the study of autophagy-related miRNAs in cancer will provide insights into cancer biology and lead to the development of novel anti-cancer strategies. In the present review, we summarise the current knowledge of miRNA dysregulation during autophagy in cancer, focusing on the relationship between autophagy and miRNAs, and discuss their involvement in cancer biology and cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Shan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xinzhe Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hongjing Cai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xiaodan Hao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jinning Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zhixia Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Cuiyun Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Scholz N, Kurian KM, Siebzehnrubl FA, Licchesi JDF. Targeting the Ubiquitin System in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:574011. [PMID: 33324551 PMCID: PMC7724090 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.574011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults with poor overall outcome and 5-year survival of less than 5%. Treatment has not changed much in the last decade or so, with surgical resection and radio/chemotherapy being the main options. Glioblastoma is highly heterogeneous and frequently becomes treatment-resistant due to the ability of glioblastoma cells to adopt stem cell states facilitating tumor recurrence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. The ubiquitin system, in particular E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes, have emerged as a promising source of novel drug targets. In addition to conventional small molecule drug discovery approaches aimed at modulating enzyme activity, several new and exciting strategies are also being explored. Among these, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) aim to harness the endogenous protein turnover machinery to direct therapeutically relevant targets, including previously considered "undruggable" ones, for proteasomal degradation. PROTAC and other strategies targeting the ubiquitin proteasome system offer new therapeutic avenues which will expand the drug development toolboxes for glioblastoma. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes in the context of glioblastoma and their involvement in core signaling pathways including EGFR, TGF-β, p53 and stemness-related pathways. Finally, we offer new insights into how these ubiquitin-dependent mechanisms could be exploited therapeutically for glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Scholz
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M. Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Florian A. Siebzehnrubl
- Cardiff University School of Biosciences, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jin B, Jin D, Zhuo Z, Zhang B, Chen K. MiR-1224-5p Activates Autophagy, Cell Invasion and Inhibits Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Osteosarcoma Cells by Directly Targeting PLK1 Through PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11807-11818. [PMID: 33235467 PMCID: PMC7680192 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s274451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignant bone tumors with a poor overall prognosis. MiR-1224-5p plays an important role in cancer, but its function and mechanism in OS have not been studied. Materials and Methods The expression of miR-1224-5p and PLK1 was detected by qRT-PCR in OS cells, adjacent tissues, and cell lines. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the interaction between miR-1224-5p and PLK1. The expression of miR-1224-5p and PLK1 was intervened by transfection with miR-1224-5p mimic, NC mimic, pc-NC and PLK1, respectively. MTT, colony formation assay, Transwell and flow cytometry were used to observe the cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of PLK1, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins, autophagy-related proteins, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in the cells. Results We found that miR-1224-5p was down-regulated and PLK1 expression was up-regulated in OS tissues and cells. On the other hand, it is further confirmed that PLK1 was a target gene of miR-1224-5p. Overexpression of miR-1224-5p inhibited the proliferation, invasion while promoted the apoptosis of OS cells, whereas overexpression of PLK1 promoted the proliferation, invasion and inhibited the apoptosis of OS cells. In the miR-1224-5p group (overexpression of miR-1224-5p), PI3K, AKT, and mTOR protein phosphorylation levels were significantly reduced, while autophagic activity was significantly activated, and the degree of EMT was significantly reduced. But the results in the PLK1 group (overexpression of PLK1) were the opposite. In addition, overexpression of miR-1224-5p reversed the effect of PLK1 upregulation on OS cells. Conclusion MiR-1224-5p targets PLK1 to inhibit PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thus mediating the proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy and EMT in OS cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Jin
- Department of Surgery, Guizhou Electric Power Staff Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhen Zhuo
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Guizhou Electric Power Staff Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Chen
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital Scientific Research Center Laboratory, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhu Z, Lan Y, Wang L, Ge J, Wang J, Liu F, He Z, Zhang H, Luo M, Lin D, Tan Y, Xu Y, Luo T. A nuclear transport-related gene signature combined with IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion better predicts the prognosis of glioma patients. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1072. [PMID: 33167941 PMCID: PMC7654069 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nuclear transport system has been proposed to be indispensable for cell proliferation and invasion in cancers. Prognostic biomarkers and molecular targets in nuclear transport systems have been developed. However, no systematic analysis of genes related to nuclear transport in gliomas has been performed. An integrated prognostic classification involving mutation and nuclear transport gene signatures has not yet been explored. Methods In the present study, we analyzed gliomas from a training cohort (TCGA dataset, n = 660) and validation cohort (CGGA dataset, n = 668) to develop a prognostic nuclear transport gene signature and generate an integrated classification system. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that glioblastoma (GBM) was mainly enriched in nuclear transport progress compared to lower-grade glioma (LGG). Then, we developed a nuclear transport risk score (NTRS) for gliomas with a training cohort. NTRS was significantly correlated with clinical and genetic characteristics, including grade, age, histology, IDH status and 1p/19q codeletion, in the training and validation cohorts. Results Survival analysis revealed that patients with a higher NTRS exhibited shorter overall survival. NTRS showed better prognostic value compared to classical molecular markers, including IDH status and 1p/19q codeletion. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that NTRS was an independent prognostic factor for gliomas. Enrichment map and Gene Ontology analysis demonstrated that signaling pathways related to the cell cycle were enriched in the NTRSHigh group. Subgroup survival analysis revealed that NTRS could differentiate the outcomes of low- and high-risk patients with wild-type IDH or mutant IDH and 1p/19q non-codeletion. Conclusions NTRS is associated with poor outcomes and could be an independent prognostic marker in diffuse gliomas. Prognostic classification combined with IDH mutation, 1p/19q codeletion and NTRS could better predict the survival of glioma patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07552-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400038, China.,PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Yang Lan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jia Ge
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhicheng He
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Min Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yaoyao Tan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Azam Z, TO ST, Tannous BA. Mesenchymal Transformation: The Rosetta Stone of Glioblastoma Pathogenesis and Therapy Resistance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002015. [PMID: 33240762 PMCID: PMC7675056 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, glioblastoma (GBM) remains invariably fatal among all forms of cancers. The high level of inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity along with its biological location, the brain, are major barriers against effective treatment. Molecular and single cell analysis identifies different molecular subtypes with varying prognosis, while multiple subtypes can reside in the same tumor. Cellular plasticity among different subtypes in response to therapies or during recurrence adds another hurdle in the treatment of GBM. This phenotypic shift is induced and sustained by activation of several pathways within the tumor itself, or microenvironmental factors. In this review, the dynamic nature of cellular shifts in GBM and how the tumor (immune) microenvironment shapes this process leading to therapeutic resistance, while highlighting emerging tools and approaches to study this dynamic double-edged sword are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zulfikar Azam
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging UnitDepartment of NeurologyNeuro‐Oncology DivisionMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02129USA
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong999077China
| | - Shing‐Shun Tony TO
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong999077China
| | - Bakhos A. Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging UnitDepartment of NeurologyNeuro‐Oncology DivisionMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02129USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang Q, Yang L, Guan G, Cheng P, Cheng W, Wu A. LOXL2 Upregulation in Gliomas Drives Tumorigenicity by Activating Autophagy to Promote TMZ Resistance and Trigger EMT. Front Oncol 2020; 10:569584. [PMID: 33194658 PMCID: PMC7658417 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.569584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most prevalent primary brain tumor in adults and has an extremely unfavorable prognosis. As a member of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family, lysyl-oxidase-like-2 (LOXL2) is known to play different roles in different tumors. However, the role of LOXL2 in glioma has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we detected that LOXL2 was considerably upregulated in glioma and that LOXL2 upregulation was evidently related to glioma WHO grade, malignant molecular subtypes, and poor prognosis in glioma patients. Additionally, we found that LOXL2 not only promoted glioma cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, but also reduced the sensitivity of glioma cells to temozolomide (TMZ). Furthermore, we identified that LOXL2 reduced TMZ sensitivity and induced EMT in glioma via the activation of autophagy. Mechanistically, LOXL2 enhanced Atg7 expression by promoting the phosphorylation of Erk1/2, leading to the activation of autophagy and regulation of EMT process and TMZ sensitivity through autophagy. Our study describes an LOXL2-Erk1/2-Atg7 signaling axis that influences glioma EMT and chemosensitivity through autophagy; moreover, LOXL2 may serve as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lianhe Yang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gefei Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rezaei O, Honarmand K, Nateghinia S, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. miRNA signature in glioblastoma: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 117:104550. [PMID: 33010295 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are transcripts with sizes of about 22 nucleotides, which are produced through a multistep process in the nucleus and cytoplasm. These transcripts modulate the expression of their target genes through binding with certain target regions, particularly 3' suntranslated regions. They are involved in the pathogenesis of several kinds of cancers, such as glioblastoma. Several miRNAs, including miR-10b, miR-21, miR-17-92-cluster, and miR-93, have been up-regulated in glioblastoma cell lines and clinical samples. On the other hand, expression of miR-7, miR-29b, miR-32, miR-34, miR-181 family members, and a number of other miRNAs have been decreased in this type of cancer. In the current review, we explain the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma through providing a summary of studies that reported dysregulation of these epigenetic effectors in this kind of brain cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omidvar Rezaei
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Honarmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Nateghinia
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nuclear miR-30b-5p suppresses TFEB-mediated lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:320-336. [PMID: 32764647 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosome is a crucial organelle in charge of degrading proteins and damaged organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is the master transcription factor regulating lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Under external stimuli such as starvation, dephosphorylated TFEB transports into the nucleus to specifically recognize and bind to the coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) elements at the promotors of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis-related genes. The function of TFEB in the nucleus is fine regulated but the molecular mechanism is not fully elucidated. In this study, we discovered that miR-30b-5p, a small RNA which is known to regulate a series of genes through posttranscriptional regulation in the cytoplasm, was translocated into the nucleus, bound to the CLEAR elements, suppressed the transcription of TFEB-dependent downstream genes, and further inhibited the lysosomal biogenesis and the autophagic flux; meanwhile, knocking out the endogenous miR-30b-5p by CRISPR/Cas9 technique significantly increased the TFEB-mediated transactivation, resulting in the increased expression of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis-related genes. Overexpressing miR-30b-5p in mice livers showed a decrease in lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. These in vitro and in vivo data indicate that miR-30b-5p may inhibit the TFEB-dependent transactivation by binding to the CLEAR elements in the nucleus to regulate the lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. This novel mechanism of nuclear miRNA regulating gene transcription is conducive to further elucidating the roles of miRNAs in the lysosomal physiological functions and helps to understand the pathogenesis of abnormal autophagy-related diseases.
Collapse
|
36
|
Cui X, Jing X, Wu X, Xu J, Liu Z, Huo K, Wang H. Analyses of DNA Methylation Involved in the Activation of Nuclear Karyopherin Alpha 2 Leading to Identify the Progression and Prognostic Significance Across Human Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6665-6677. [PMID: 32801900 PMCID: PMC7416187 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s261290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) is a nuclear import factor that plays a crucial role in nucleocytoplasmic transport, as well as cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in several cancers. However, the roles of KPNA2 in breast cancer as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. Materials and Methods To evaluate gene expression alterations during breast carcinogenesis, KPNA2 expression was analyzed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and Oncomine analyses. The correlation between methylation and expression was analyzed using the MEXPRESS tool, UALCAN cancer database, and cBioPortal browser. Then, the expression and prognostic value of KPNA2 were investigated by our own breast cancer samples using RT-PCR. KPNA2 methylation level was detected by methylation-specific PCR. Results We obtained the following important results. (1) KPNA2 expression was significantly higher in breast cancer than normal samples and regulated by aberrant DNA hypomethylation of promoter region. (2) Among patients with breast cancer, those with higher KPNA2 expression had a lower survival rate. (3) The major mutation type of KPNA2 in breast cancer samples was missense mutation. (4) Homer1 was able to promote breast cancer progression may be through upregulating TPX2 expression. Conclusion Our findings suggest that aberrant DNA hypomethylation of promoter regions contributes to the aberrant expression of KPNA2 in breast cancer, which might be a potential indicator of poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Cui
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Jing
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology, 2nd Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Department of Hematology, 2nd Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Huo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Hematology, 2nd Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Escamilla-Ramírez A, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Zavala-Vega S, Jimenez-Farfan D, Anaya-Rubio I, Briseño E, Palencia G, Guevara P, Cruz-Salgado A, Sotelo J, Trejo-Solís C. Autophagy as a Potential Therapy for Malignant Glioma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13070156. [PMID: 32707662 PMCID: PMC7407942 DOI: 10.3390/ph13070156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most frequent and aggressive type of brain neoplasm, being anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), its most malignant forms. The survival rate in patients with these neoplasms is 15 months after diagnosis, despite a diversity of treatments, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The resistance of GBM to various therapies is due to a highly mutated genome; these genetic changes induce a de-regulation of several signaling pathways and result in higher cell proliferation rates, angiogenesis, invasion, and a marked resistance to apoptosis; this latter trait is a hallmark of highly invasive tumor cells, such as glioma cells. Due to a defective apoptosis in gliomas, induced autophagic death can be an alternative to remove tumor cells. Paradoxically, however, autophagy in cancer can promote either a cell death or survival. Modulating the autophagic pathway as a death mechanism for cancer cells has prompted the use of both inhibitors and autophagy inducers. The autophagic process, either as a cancer suppressing or inducing mechanism in high-grade gliomas is discussed in this review, along with therapeutic approaches to inhibit or induce autophagy in pre-clinical and clinical studies, aiming to increase the efficiency of conventional treatments to remove glioma neoplastic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Escamilla-Ramírez
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (I.A.-R.); (G.P.); (P.G.); (A.C.-S.); (J.S.)
| | - Rosa A. Castillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Experimental, CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Sergio Zavala-Vega
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico;
| | - Dolores Jimenez-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Isabel Anaya-Rubio
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (I.A.-R.); (G.P.); (P.G.); (A.C.-S.); (J.S.)
| | - Eduardo Briseño
- Clínica de Neurooncología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico;
| | - Guadalupe Palencia
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (I.A.-R.); (G.P.); (P.G.); (A.C.-S.); (J.S.)
| | - Patricia Guevara
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (I.A.-R.); (G.P.); (P.G.); (A.C.-S.); (J.S.)
| | - Arturo Cruz-Salgado
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (I.A.-R.); (G.P.); (P.G.); (A.C.-S.); (J.S.)
| | - Julio Sotelo
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (I.A.-R.); (G.P.); (P.G.); (A.C.-S.); (J.S.)
| | - Cristina Trejo-Solís
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (I.A.-R.); (G.P.); (P.G.); (A.C.-S.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-555-060-4040
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xu W, Yu M, Qin J, Luo Y, Zhong M. LACTB Regulates PIK3R3 to Promote Autophagy and Inhibit EMT and Proliferation Through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5181-5200. [PMID: 32636680 PMCID: PMC7335311 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s250661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common aggressive malignancies. LACTB functions as a tumor suppressor, and previous findings have demonstrated that LACTB can inhibit epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation of breast cancer and CRC cells. However, few studies have investigated the roles of LACTB in autophagy and proliferation in CRC. The current study aimed to identify the roles of LACTB in EMT and proliferation associated with autophagy in CRC and to elucidate the probable molecular mechanisms through which LACTB are involved in these processes. Materials and Methods Transwell invasion, MTT, transmission electron microscopy, RNA-seq, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assays were performed to evaluate the migratory, invasive, proliferative and autophagic abilities of CRC cells, and the levels of active molecules involved in PI3K/AKT signaling were examined through Western blotting analysis. In addition, the in vivo function of LACTB was assessed using a tumor xenograft model. Results Weaker LACTB expression was found in CRC tissue samples than in nonmalignant tissue samples, and LACTB inhibited cell invasion, migration, and proliferation by promoting autophagy in vitro. Furthermore, the regulatory effects of LACTB on autophagy and EMT were partially attributed to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The in vivo results also showed that LACTB modulated CRC tumorigenesis. Conclusion LACTB can regulate the activity of PIK3R3 to influence the level of PI3K, and it also promotes autophagy and inhibits EMT and proliferation in part through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhao Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pourhanifeh MH, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Karimzadeh MR, Mirzaei HR, Razavi ZS, Sahebkar A, Hosseini N, Mirzaei H, Hamblin MR. Autophagy in cancers including brain tumors: role of MicroRNAs. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:88. [PMID: 32517694 PMCID: PMC7285723 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has a crucial role in many cancers, including brain tumors. Several types of endogenous molecules (e.g. microRNAs, AKT, PTEN, p53, EGFR, and NF1) can modulate the process of autophagy. Recently miRNAs (small non-coding RNAs) have been found to play a vital role in the regulation of different cellular and molecular processes, such as autophagy. Deregulation of these molecules is associated with the development and progression of different pathological conditions, including brain tumors. It was found that miRNAs are epigenetic regulators, which influence the level of proteins coded by the targeted mRNAs with any modification of the genetic sequences. It has been revealed that various miRNAs (e.g., miR-7-1-3p, miR-340, miR-17, miR-30a, miR-224-3p, and miR-93), as epigenetic regulators, can modulate autophagy pathways within brain tumors. A deeper understanding of the underlying molecular targets of miRNAs, and their function in autophagy pathways could contribute to the development of new treatment methods for patients with brain tumors. In this review, we summarize the various miRNAs, which are involved in regulating autophagy in brain tumors. Moreover, we highlight the role of miRNAs in autophagy-related pathways in different cancers. Video abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Karimzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Razavi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nayyerehsadat Hosseini
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yi GZ, Huang G, Guo M, Zhang X, Wang H, Deng S, Li Y, Xiang W, Chen Z, Pan J, Li Z, Yu L, Lei B, Liu Y, Qi S. Acquired temozolomide resistance in MGMT-deficient glioblastoma cells is associated with regulation of DNA repair by DHC2. Brain 2020; 142:2352-2366. [PMID: 31347685 PMCID: PMC6658867 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of temozolomide resistance is a major clinical challenge for glioblastoma treatment. Chemoresistance in glioblastoma is largely attributed to repair of temozolomide-induced DNA lesions by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). However, some MGMT-deficient glioblastomas are still resistant to temozolomide, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We found that DYNC2H1 (DHC2) was expressed more in MGMT-deficient recurrent glioblastoma specimens and its expression strongly correlated to poor progression-free survival in MGMT promotor methylated glioblastoma patients. Furthermore, silencing DHC2, both in vitro and in vivo, enhanced temozolomide-induced DNA damage and significantly improved the efficiency of temozolomide treatment in MGMT-deficient glioblastoma. Using a combination of subcellular proteomics and in vitro analyses, we showed that DHC2 was involved in nuclear localization of the DNA repair proteins, namely XPC and CBX5, and knockdown of either XPC or CBX5 resulted in increased temozolomide-induced DNA damage. In summary, we identified the nuclear transportation of DNA repair proteins by DHC2 as a critical regulator of acquired temozolomide resistance in MGMT-deficient glioblastoma. Our study offers novel insights for improving therapeutic management of MGMT-deficient glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zhong Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanglong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518116, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Manlan Guo
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi'an Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengze Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaomin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxi Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Liu
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu X, Feng C, Wei G, Kong W, Meng H, Du Y, Li J. Mitofusin1 Is a Major Mediator in Glucose-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3511-3523. [PMID: 32425551 PMCID: PMC7187943 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s238714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been considered a latent mediator of diverse biological processes in cancer. However, the mechanisms involved in high glucose-associated EMT in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) have not been fully clarified. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether mitofusin1 (MFN1) is involved in the EMT of LAD cells induced by glucose and to identify the molecular mechanism involved in this process. Materials and Methods The expression of specific proteins was analysed by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analysis. The proliferation, migration and invasion of cells were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, wound-healing and transwell assays. Lung tissues of adjacent normal regions and lung tissues from patients with LAD and LAD combined with diabetes mellitus were collected to determine the expression and significance of MFN1. Results Here, we showed that the expression of MFN1 was increased in LAD tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues and expression was even higher in lung tissues from patients with LAD combined with diabetes. In the lung cancer cell line A549, increased cell proliferation, invasion and EMT induced by high glucose were inhibited by MFN1 silencing. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that inhibiting autophagy reversed the abnormal EMT triggered by high glucose conditions. In addition, our data provide novel evidence demonstrating that PTEN-induced kinase (Pink) is a potential regulator involved in MFN1-mediated cell autophagy, which eventually leads to high glucose-induced proliferation, invasion and EMT of A549 cells. Conclusion Taken together, our data show that MFN1 interacts with Pink to induce the autophagic process and that the abnormal occurrence of autophagy ultimately contributes to glucose-induced pathological EMT in LAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Liu
- Pathology Department, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Feng
- Science and Technology Department, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Wei
- Pathology Department, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencong Kong
- Pathology Department, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Meng
- Clinicopathological Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Du
- Clinicopathological Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Karyopherin α 2 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion through activating NF-κB/p65 signaling pathways in melanoma cells. Life Sci 2020; 252:117611. [PMID: 32243925 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Melanoma is a fatal malignancy. Karyopherin α 2 (KPNA2) plays an important role in many carcinogenesis. This study was aimed to study the role of KPNA2 in cellular functions and molecular mechanisms of melanoma. MAIN METHODS We investigated the expression and prognosis of KPNA2 in melanoma using the GEPIA database (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/). The effect of KPNA2 on melanoma cells was determined using real-time PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence assay, CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing assay, transwell assay, EMSA, and immunohistochemistry. The influence of KPNA2 on the tumorigenicity of melanoma cells was evaluated in a nude mice model in vivo. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that KPNA2 expression is relatively high in melanoma tissues and cells, and melanoma patients with higher expression of KPNA2 had lower overall survival rate and disease free survival rate. KPNA2 promoted proliferation ability and increased the expression of PCNA, Ki67, and C-MYC in melanoma cells. Further, KPNA2 could promote migration and invasion and increase the expression of MMP2 and MMP9. Mechanism studies showed that KPNA2 activated NF-κB/p65 signaling pathways, as evidenced by the nuclear translocation of p65 and increased the expression of COX-2, ICAM-1, iNOS, and MCP1 in melanoma cells. NF-κB inhibitor JSH-23 could reverse the pro-tumor effects of KPNA2 on melanoma cells. Moreover, upregulation of KPNA2 facilitated the tumorigenicity of melanoma cells. SIGNIFICANCE KPNA2 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion through enhancing NF-κB/p65 signaling pathways in melanoma cells. Our study suggests KPNA2 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of melanoma.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang X, Chen L, Dang WQ, Cao MF, Xiao JF, Lv SQ, Jiang WJ, Yao XH, Lu HM, Miao JY, Wang Y, Yu SC, Ping YF, Liu XD, Cui YH, Zhang X, Bian XW. CCL8 secreted by tumor-associated macrophages promotes invasion and stemness of glioblastoma cells via ERK1/2 signaling. J Transl Med 2020; 100:619-629. [PMID: 31748682 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a large population of glioblastoma and facilitate tumor growth and invasion of tumor cells, but the underlying mechanism remains undefined. In this study, we demonstrate that chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 (CCL8) is highly expressed by TAMs and contributes to pseudopodia formation by GBM cells. The presence of CCL8 in the glioma microenvironment promotes progression of tumor cells. Moreover, CCL8 induces invasion and stem-like traits of GBM cells, and CCR1 and CCR5 are the main receptors that mediate CCL8-induced biological behavior. Finally, CCL8 dramatically activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation in GBM cells, and blocking TAM-secreted CCL8 by neutralized antibody significantly decreases invasion of glioma cells. Taken together, our data reveal that CCL8 is a TAM-associated factor to mediate invasion and stemness of GBM, and targeting CCL8 may provide an insight strategy for GBM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei-Qi Dang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mian-Fu Cao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing-Fang Xiao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wen-Jie Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hui-Min Lu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing-Ya Miao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi-Fang Ping
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xin-Dong Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - You-Hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
MiR-1297 negatively regulates metabolic reprogramming in glioblastoma via repressing KPNA2. Hum Cell 2020; 33:619-629. [PMID: 32124270 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell growth is characterized by reprogrammed glucose metabolism and subsequent high rate of glycolysis. The metabolic reprogramming is essential for cell proliferation and drug resistance of cancer cells including glioblastoma (GBM). MicroRNAs play pivotal roles during GBM development. In the present study, we discovered a significant downregulation of miR-1297 in GBM. Decreased miR-1297 expression was associated with prolonged overall survival of patients with glioma. Overexpression of miR-1297 promoted cell proliferation and glycolysis in GBM cells. Bioinformatic analysis (TargetScan and miRanda) indicated that miR-1297 might target 3'UTR of KPNA2, a key regulator of glycolysis in GBM. The regulation was confirmed in a dual-luciferase reporter assay in GBM cells. Furthermore, overexpression of KPNA2 could reverse miR-1297 mimic induced cell growth arrest and inhibition of glycolysis in GBM cells. Finally, a negative correlation between miR-1297 and KPNA2 mRNA levels was observed in GBM tissues. Collectively, the data demonstrated that the abnormal metabolic reprogramming was driven by miR-1297 in GBM and suggested miR-1297 as a tumor suppressor.
Collapse
|
45
|
Yang Z, Bian E, Xu Y, Ji X, Tang F, Ma C, Wang H, Zhao B. Meg3 Induces EMT and Invasion of Glioma Cells via Autophagy. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:989-1000. [PMID: 32099402 PMCID: PMC6999788 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s239648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is one of the most common malignant tumors. Glioblastoma (grade IV) is considered the most malignant form of human brain tumors. Maternal expression gene 3 (Meg3) encodes a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that plays an important role in the development and progression of cancer. However, the role of Meg3 in glioma cells remains largely unclear. Methods Reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR was conducted to evaluate the mRNA expression related to cell autophagy and EMT while protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Staining of acidic vacuoles and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect autophagy. The ability of cells to migrate and invade was detected by Transwell migration and invasion assays. Results In the present study, it was found that the overexpression of Meg3 induced EMT, migration and invasion of glioma cells, whereas Meg3 overexpression induced autophagy of glioma cells. More importantly, the inhibition of autophagy impaired the EMT of glioma cells. In addition, Meg3-induced EMT, migration and invasion could be partially reversed by autophagy inhibitors, chloroquine (CQ) and Lys05, in glioma cells. Conclusion All data suggest that Meg3 induces EMT and invasion of glioma cells via autophagy. Overall, the findings of the present study demonstrate the importance of Meg3 in the molecular etiology of glioma, which also indicate its potential applications in the treatment of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Erbao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghu Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchun Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Han Y, Wang X. The emerging roles of KPNA2 in cancer. Life Sci 2019; 241:117140. [PMID: 31812670 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2, also known as importinα-1), a member of the nuclear transporter family, is involved in the nucleocytoplasmic transport pathway of a variety of tumor-associated proteins. Recent studies have found that KPNA2 is overexpressed in various cancers, which is associated with poor prognosis. In addition, it has been shown to promote tumor formation and progression by participating in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, immune response, and viral infection. It is indicated that KPNA2 also plays an important role in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of tumors. Herein, we provide an overview of the function and mechanism of KPNA2 in cancer and the prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In the future, KPNA2 provides new ideas for the early diagnosis of malignant tumors, the development of molecularly targeted drugs, and prognosis evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fan X, Li Z, Wang X, Wang J, Hao Z. Silencing of KPNA2 inhibits high glucose-induced podocyte injury via inactivation of mTORC1/p70S6K signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:1017-1023. [PMID: 31727365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of apoptotic and autophagic function are characterized as the main pathogeneses of diabetic nephropathy (DN). It has been reported that Karyopherin Alpha 2 (KPNA2) contributes to apoptosis and autophagy in various cells, but its role in DN development remains unknown. The purpose of present study was to explore the function and underling mechanisms of KPNA2 in development of DN. In this study, 30 mM high glucose (HG)-evoked podocytes were used as DN model. The expression of KPNA2 was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot assays. The cell viability was tested by CCK-8 kit, the apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry assay, the apoptotic and the autophagy related genes was detected by Western blot. Our results indicated that KPNA2 was significantly increased after HG stimulation. Knockdown of KPNA2 inhibited apoptosis, and promoted cell viability and autophagy in HG-treated podocytes. In addition, silencing of KPNA2 deactivated mTORC1/p70S6K pathway activation via regulating SLC1A5. Further results demonstrated that activating mTORC1/p70S6K pathway strongly ameliorated the effect of KPNA2 on cell viability, apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, our study suggested that knockdown of KPNA2 rescued HG-induced injury via blocking activation of mTORC1/p70S6K pathway by mediating SLC1A5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Fan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China; Nephrotic Hemodialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710068, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Nephrotic Hemodialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710068, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Nephrotic Hemodialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710068, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Nephrotic Hemodialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710068, China
| | - Zhiming Hao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Song KH, Jung SY, Park JI, Ahn J, Park JK, Um HD, Park IC, Hwang SG, Ha H, Song JY. Inhibition of Karyopherin-α2 Augments Radiation-Induced Cell Death by Perturbing BRCA1-Mediated DNA Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112843. [PMID: 31212646 PMCID: PMC6600173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) has been widely used in the treatment of cancer. Radiation-induced DNA damage triggers the DNA damage response (DDR), which can confer radioresistance and early local recurrence by activating DNA repair pathways. Since karyopherin-α2 (KPNA2), playing an important role in nucleocytoplasmic transport, was significantly increased by IR in our previous study, we aimed to determine the function of KPNA2 with regard to DDR. Exposure to radiation upregulated KPNA2 expression in human colorectal cancer HT29 and HCT116 cells and breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells together with the increased expression of DNA repair protein BRCA1. The knockdown of KPNA2 effectively increased apoptotic cell death via inhibition of BRCA1 nuclear import following IR. Therefore, we propose that KPNA2 is a potential target for overcoming radioresistance via interruption to DDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Seung-Youn Jung
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Jeong-In Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Jiyeon Ahn
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Jong Kuk Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Hong-Duck Um
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zan Y, Wang B, Liang L, Deng Y, Tian T, Dai Z, Dong L. MicroRNA-139 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth through down-regulating karyopherin alpha 2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:182. [PMID: 31046781 PMCID: PMC6498602 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-139-5p (miR-139) has been shown to play important roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, the exact mechanism of miR-139 in HCC remains largely unknown. METHODS We investigated the function in human cell lines and patient tissue samples by experimental techniques in molecular biology including Co-IP assay, cell viability assay, quantitative real-time-PCR, et al. In addition, datasets were used to verify the results by database analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by using the GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software Inc., USA). A P value < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. RESULTS In this study, we found that miR-139 was significantly down-regulated in HCC. MiR-139 level was negatively associated with the stage of HCC, and HCC patients with higher miR-139 level had longer overall survival (OS) than these having lower miR-139 expression. Overexpression of miR-139 led to reduced cell viability, elevated apoptosis, and decreased colony forming, migratory and invasive capacities in HCC cells, while down-regulation of miR-139 led to opposite phenotypes. MiR-139 also inhibited HCC growth in a xenograft mouse model. We identified karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) as a direct target of miR-139. KPNA2 is up-regulated in HCC and higher KPNA2 level is associated with poor patient prognosis. Silencing of KPNA2 expression led to similar phenotypic changes as miR-139 overexpression. Restoration of KPNA2 attenuated the suppressive effects of miR-139 overexpression on cell viability, apoptosis, colony formation, migration and invasion. In addition, miR-139 overexpression and KPNA2 depletion led to decreased nucleus level of POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1) and c-myc, two well-known pro-oncogenes. CONCLUSION In together, these data revealed the essential roles of the miR-139/KPNA2 axis in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zan
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xu Z, Li Z, Liao Z, Gao S, Hua L, Ye X, Wang Y, Jiang S, Wang N, Zhou D, Deng X. PM 2.5 induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:112-121. [PMID: 30597315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have revealed positive correlation between particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). As etiology and pathogenesis of PF have not been fully elucidated, this study was to investigate the potential mechanism by which PM2.5 exposure adversely induced PF in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, 6-week-old C57/BL6J mice were intranasally administrated with PM2.5 (100 μg/day) for 4 weeks. Micro-CT and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining analysis showed that lung inflammation and incipient fibrosis symptoms were induced after PM2.5 exposure. The expression of Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Collagen type I (COL1) in mice lung was increased. Upregulation of TGF-β1 in mice serum was also detected by ELISA after exposure to PM2.5. Moreover, chronic PM2.5 exposure on human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B cells led to activation of TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway, TGF-β1 excretion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while PM2.5 also triggered the activation of TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway, TGF-β1 excretion as well as differentiation of human pulmonary fibroblast cell line HFL-1 cells, and TGF-β1 production in mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, cell culture medium of PM2.5-treated BEAS-2B and RAW264.7 cells could both activate TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling, α-SMA and COL1 upregulation in HFL-1 cells. Therefore, we concluded that PM2.5 could induce PF by targeting pulmonary epithelium, macrophages and fibroblasts, suggesting that PM2.5 was a potent initiator of PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zilin Li
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ziyi Liao
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sumeng Gao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Li Hua
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaofei Ye
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiaobei Deng
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|