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Al-Bari MAA, Ito Y, Ahmed S, Radwan N, Ahmed HS, Eid N. Targeting Autophagy with Natural Products as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9807. [PMID: 34575981 PMCID: PMC8467030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macro-autophagy (autophagy) is a highly conserved eukaryotic intracellular process of self-digestion caused by lysosomes on demand, which is upregulated as a survival strategy upon exposure to various stressors, such as metabolic insults, cytotoxic drugs, and alcohol abuse. Paradoxically, autophagy dysfunction also contributes to cancer and aging. It is well known that regulating autophagy by targeting specific regulatory molecules in its machinery can modulate multiple disease processes. Therefore, autophagy represents a significant pharmacological target for drug development and therapeutic interventions in various diseases, including cancers. According to the framework of autophagy, the suppression or induction of autophagy can exert therapeutic properties through the promotion of cell death or cell survival, which are the two main events targeted by cancer therapies. Remarkably, natural products have attracted attention in the anticancer drug discovery field, because they are biologically friendly and have potential therapeutic effects. In this review, we summarize the up-to-date knowledge regarding natural products that can modulate autophagy in various cancers. These findings will provide a new position to exploit more natural compounds as potential novel anticancer drugs and will lead to a better understanding of molecular pathways by targeting the various autophagy stages of upcoming cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2–7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Samrein Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, College of Health and Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Nada Radwan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Hend S. Ahmed
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Omdurman Ahlia University, Khartoum 786, Sudan;
| | - Nabil Eid
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
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A current view of molecular dissection in autophagy machinery. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:357-372. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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He X, Li H, Zhan M, Li H, Jia A, Lin S, Sun L, Du H, Yuan S, Li Y. Camellia nitidissima Chi Extract Potentiates the Sensitivity of Gastric Cancer Cells to Paclitaxel via the Induction of Autophagy and Apoptosis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10811-10825. [PMID: 31853183 PMCID: PMC6914663 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s220453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Camellia nitidissima Chi (CNC) has been applied as a traditional folk medicine for the effective treatment of various diseases. However, there is little research regarding the mechanism of CNC on pharmaceutical function including anticancer effect. Materials and methods JHC-4 is a n-butanol extract from CNC. The anti-proliferation effect was evaluated by MTT assays. Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, Western blotting and autophagy inhibitors (CQ and BafA1) were applied to determine whether JHC-4 induced autophagy. The synergistic anticancer effect was evaluated by MTT assays, flow cytometry, Western blotting and autophagy inhibitors. Western blotting was used to explore the influence of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway induced by drug treatment. Results JHC-4 caused significant growth inhibition and induced autophagy in human gastric cancer cells. Moreover, JHC-4 as an autophagy agonist synergistically potentiated the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to paclitaxel. Meanwhile, JHC-4 could significantly enhance the growth inhibition effect of paclitaxel by the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. Finally, we demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was involved in the synergistic anti-proliferation effect of JHC-4 and paclitaxel. Conclusion All these data indicated that JHC-4 was a novel autophagy inducer when combination with paclitaxel for gastric cancer, which provided the scientific evidence for the use of this Chinese traditional medicine against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqun Jia
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Sensen Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, People's Republic of China
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Park SW, Jeon P, Jun YW, Park JH, Lee SH, Lee S, Lee JA, Jang DJ. Monitoring LC3- or GABARAP-positive autophagic membranes using modified RavZ-based probes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16593. [PMID: 31719622 PMCID: PMC6851389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenophagy is a selective lysosomal degradation pathway for invading pathogens in host cells. However, invading bacteria also develop survival mechanisms to inhibit host autophagy. RavZ is a protein secreted by Legionella that irreversibly delipidates mammalian autophagy-related protein 8 (mATG8) on autophagic membranes in host cells via efficient autophagic membrane targeting. In this study, we leveraged the autophagic membrane-targeting mechanism of RavZ and generated a new autophagosome probe by replacing the catalytic domain of RavZ with GFP. This probe is efficiently localized to mATG8-positive autophagic membranes via a synergistic combination between mATG8 protein-binding mediated by the LC3-interacting region (LIR) motifs and phosphoinositide-3-phosphate (PI3P) binding mediated by the membrane-targeting (MT) domain. Furthermore, the membrane association activity of this new probe with an MT domain was more efficient than that of probes with a hydrophobic domain that were previously used in LIR-based autophagosome sensors. Finally, by substituting the LIR motifs of RavZ with selective LIR motifs from Fyco1 or ULK2, we developed new probes for detecting LC3A/B- or GABARAP subfamily-positive autophagic membranes, respectively. We propose that these new RavZ-based sensors will be useful for monitoring and studying the function of mATG8-positive autophagic membranes in different cellular contexts for autophagy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Won Park
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Pureum Jeon
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, 1646, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Woo Jun
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hui Park
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, 1646, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deok-Jin Jang
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37224, Republic of Korea.
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Zientara-Rytter K, Subramani S. Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Atg11 in Selective Autophagy. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:104-122. [PMID: 31238043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (referred to hereafter as autophagy) is an intracellular degradation pathway in which the formation of a double-membrane vesicle called the autophagosome is a key event in the transport of multiple cytoplasmic cargo (e.g., proteins, protein aggregates, lipid droplets or organelles) to the vacuole (lysosome in mammals) for degradation and recycling. During this process, autophagosomes are formed de novo by membrane fusion events leading to phagophore formation initiated at the phagophore assembly site. In yeast, Atg11 and Atg17 function as protein scaffolds, essential for selective and non-selective types of autophagy, respectively. While Atg17 functions in non-selective autophagy are well-defined in the literature, less attention is concentrated on recent findings regarding the roles of Atg11 in selective autophagy. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the Atg11 scaffold protein and review recent findings in the context of its role in selective autophagy initiation and autophagosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zientara-Rytter
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Suresh Subramani
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Luo M, Zhuang X. Review: Selective degradation of peroxisome by autophagy in plants: Mechanisms, functions, and perspectives. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:485-491. [PMID: 30080638 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome, a single-membrane organelle conserved in eukaryotic, is responsible for a series of oxidative reactions with its specific enzymatic components. A counterbalance between peroxisome biogenesis and degradation is crucial for the homeostasis of peroxisomes. One such degradation mechanism, termed pexophagy, is a type of selective autophagic process to deliver the excess/damaged peroxisomes into the vacuole. In plants, pexophagy is involved in the remodeling of seedlings and quality control of peroxisomes. Here, we describe the recent advance in plant pexophagy, with a focus to discuss the key regulators in plants in comparison with those in yeast and mammals, as well as future directions for pexophagy studies in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Luo
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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