1
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Li C, Yi Y, Ouyang Y, Chen F, Lu C, Peng S, Wang Y, Chen X, Yan X, Xu H, Li S, Feng L, Xie X. TORSEL, a 4EBP1-based mTORC1 live-cell sensor, reveals nutrient-sensing targeting by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:68. [PMID: 38824577 PMCID: PMC11143692 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an effective therapeutic target for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, aging, and neurodegeneration. However, an efficient tool for monitoring mTORC1 inhibition in living cells or tissues is lacking. RESULTS We developed a genetically encoded mTORC1 sensor called TORSEL. This sensor changes its fluorescence pattern from diffuse to punctate when 4EBP1 dephosphorylation occurs and interacts with eIF4E. TORSEL can specifically sense the physiological, pharmacological, and genetic inhibition of mTORC1 signaling in living cells and tissues. Importantly, TORSEL is a valuable tool for imaging-based visual screening of mTORC1 inhibitors. Using TORSEL, we identified histone deacetylase inhibitors that selectively block nutrient-sensing signaling to inhibit mTORC1. CONCLUSIONS TORSEL is a unique living cell sensor that efficiently detects the inhibition of mTORC1 activity, and histone deacetylase inhibitors such as panobinostat target mTORC1 signaling through amino acid sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canrong Li
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuguo Yi
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingyi Ouyang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengzhi Chen
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuxin Lu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shujun Peng
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haolun Xu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuiming Li
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoduo Xie
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Zhao M, Xu P, Shi W, Wang J, Wang T, Li P. Icariin exerts anti-tumor activity by inducing autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:74. [PMID: 38355608 PMCID: PMC10868106 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most prevalent female tumor, of which triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for about 15%. Characterized by its aggressive nature and limited treatment options, TNBC currently stands as a significant clinical challenge. This study aimed to investigate the effects of icariin (ICA) on TNBC and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay, whereas the impact of ICA on cell proliferation was determined using colony formation assay and detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to evaluate the effects of ICA on cell migration and invasion, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy and monodansylcaverine staining were performed to detect the induction of autophagy, whereas molecular docking was conducted to predict the potential targets associated with autophagy. The in vivo anti-tumor effects of ICA were evaluated using a TNBC 4T1 xenograft mouse model. Protein expression levels were examined using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In vitro, ICA effectively suppressed the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells and induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in TNBC cells by regulating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) signaling pathway. The knockdown of AMPK and inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine reversed the effects of ICA, highlighting the importance of AMPK and autophagy in the anti-cancer mechanism of ICA. In vivo, ICA significantly inhibited TNBC growth, promoted autophagy, and regulated AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that ICA exerts anti-cancer effects against TNBC and the associated molecular mechanisms. This study will help to facilitate further preclinical and clinical investigations for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 120 Wanshui Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Panling Xu
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 120 Wanshui Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 120 Wanshui Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 120 Wanshui Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 120 Wanshui Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 120 Wanshui Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Graduate School of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
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3
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Chen JN, Jin JC, Guo J, Tao Y, Xu FH, Liu Q, Li X, Chang CK, Wu LY. The bcl6 corepressor mutation regulates the progression and transformation of myelodysplastic syndromes by repressing the autophagy flux. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 165:106480. [PMID: 37884171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of autophagy dysregulation is vital in the development of myelodysplastic syndrome and its transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. However, the mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we have investigated the mechanism of the bcl6 corepressor mutation in myelodysplastic syndrome development and its transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. We identified a novel pathway involving histone deacetylase 6 and forkhead box protein O1, which leads to autophagy defects following the bcl6 corepressor mutation. And this further causes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The bcl6 corepressor-mutation-repressed autophagy resulted in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, DNA, and reactive oxygen species in myelodysplastic syndrome cells, which could then lead to genomic instability and spontaneous mutation. Our results suggest that the bcl6 corepressor inactivating mutations exert pro-carcinogenic effects through survival strike, which is only an intermediate process. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of the bcl6 corepressor gene in myelodysplastic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Jin
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Ying Tao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Fan-Huan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Chun-Kang Chang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China.
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4
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Pang X, Guan Q, Lin X, Chang N. Knockdown of HDAC6 alleviates ventricular remodeling in experimental dilated cardiomyopathy via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promotion of cardiomyocyte autophagy. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2365-2379. [PMID: 35764897 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been implicated in cardiac diseases, while the role of HDAC6 in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains obscure. The in silico analyses predicted potential association of HDAC6 with autophagy-related genes and DCM. Thus, we evaluated the functional relevance of HDAC6 in DCM in vivo and in vitro. We developed a rat model in vivo and a cell model in vitro by doxorubicin (DOX) induction to simulate DCM. HDAC6 expression was determined in myocardial tissues of DCM rats. DCM rats exhibited elevated HDAC6 mRNA and protein expression as compared to sham-operated rats. We knocked HDAC6 down and/or overexpressed NLRP3 in vivo and in vitro to characterize their roles in cardiomyocyte autophagy. It was established that shRNA-mediated HDAC6 silencing augmented cardiomyocyte autophagy and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thus ameliorating cardiac injury in myocardial tissues of DCM rats. Besides, in DOX-injured cardiomyocytes, HDAC6 silencing also diminished NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell apoptosis but enhanced cell autophagy, whereas ectopic NLRP3 expression negated the effects of HDAC6 silencing. Since HDAC6 knockdown correlates with enhanced cardiomyocyte autophagy and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation through an interplay with NLRP3, it is expected to be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for DCM. 1. HDAC6 was up-regulated in DCM rats. 2. HDAC6 knockdown promoted cardiomyocyte autophagy to relieve cardiac dysfunction. 3. HDAC6 knockdown inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome and promoted cardiomyocyte autophagy. 4. Silencing HDAC6 promoted autophagy and repressed apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. 5. This study provides novel therapeutic targets for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Pang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qigang Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Khan SU, Rayees S, Sharma P, Malik F. Targeting redox regulation and autophagy systems in cancer stem cells. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1405-1423. [PMID: 36473988 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a dysregulated cellular level pathological condition that results in tumor formation followed by metastasis. In the heterogeneous tumor architecture, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are essential to push forward the progression of tumors due to their strong pro-tumor properties such as stemness, self-renewal, plasticity, metastasis, and being poorly responsive to radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer stem cells have the ability to withstand various stress pressures by modulating transcriptional and translational mechanisms, and adaptable metabolic changes. Owing to CSCs heterogeneity and plasticity, these cells display varied metabolic and redox profiles across different types of cancers. It has been established that there is a disparity in the levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated in CSCs vs Non-CSC and these differential levels are detected across different tumors. CSCs have unique metabolic demands and are known to change plasticity during metastasis by passing through the interchangeable epithelial and mesenchymal-like phenotypes. During the metastatic process, tumor cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) thus attaining invasive properties while leaving the primary tumor site, similarly during the course of circulation and extravasation at a distant organ, these cells regain their epithelial characteristics through Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition (MET) to initiate micrometastasis. It has been evidenced that levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and associated metabolic activities vary between the epithelial and mesenchymal states of CSCs. Similarly, the levels of oxidative and metabolic states were observed to get altered in CSCs post-drug treatments. As oxidative and metabolic changes guide the onset of autophagy in cells, its role in self-renewal, quiescence, proliferation and response to drug treatment is well established. This review will highlight the molecular mechanisms useful for expanding therapeutic strategies based on modulating redox regulation and autophagy activation to targets. Specifically, we will account for the mounting data that focus on the role of ROS generated by different metabolic pathways and autophagy regulation in eradicating stem-like cells hereafter referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ullah Khan
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, 190005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sheikh Rayees
- PK PD Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, 190005, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, 190005, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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6
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Li D, Peng X, He G, Liu J, Li X, Lin W, Fang J, Li X, Yang S, Yang L, Li H. Crosstalk between autophagy and CSCs: molecular mechanisms and translational implications. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:409. [PMID: 37422448 PMCID: PMC10329683 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells(CSCs) play a key role in regulating tumorigenesis, progression, as well as recurrence, and possess typical metabolic characteristics. Autophagy is a catabolic process that can aid cells to survive under stressful conditions such as nutrient deficiency and hypoxia. Although the role of autophagy in cancer cells has been extensively studied, CSCs possess unique stemness, and their potential relationship with autophagy has not been fully analyzed. This study summarizes the possible role of autophagy in the renewal, proliferation, differentiation, survival, metastasis, invasion, and treatment resistance of CSCs. It has been found that autophagy can contribute to the maintenance of CSC stemness, facilitate the tumor cells adapt to changes in the microenvironment, and promote tumor survival, whereas in some other cases autophagy acts as an important process involved in the deprivation of CSC stemness thus leading to tumor death. Mitophagy, which has emerged as another popular research area in recent years, has a great scope when explored together with stem cells. In this study, we have aimed to elaborate on the mechanism of action of autophagy in regulating the functions of CSCs to provide deeper insights for future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Guangpeng He
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Weikai Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jianjun Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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7
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Fan WJ, Zhou MX, Wang DD, Jiang XX, Ding H. TMEM147 is a novel biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20220323. [PMID: 37335919 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver malignancy with high incidence and poor prognosis. Transmembrane protein 147 (TMEM147) has been implicated in the development of colon cancer. However, the role of TMEM147 in HCC remains unclear. In this study, data of 371 HCC tissues, 50 adjacent nontumor tissues, and 110 normal liver tissues were retrieved from the TCGA and GTEx databases. TMEM147 expression was found to be increased in HCC tissues. High expression of TMEM147 was related to poor prognosis, and TMEM147 was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed and showed that the diagnostic efficacy of TMEM147 was significantly higher than that of AFP (0.908 versus 0.746, p < 0.001). Furthermore, TMEM147 promoted tumor immune infiltration, and macrophages were the immune cells that predominantly expressed TMEM147 in HCC. Further analysis revealed that TMEM147 mainly impacted the ribosome pathway, and CTCF, MLLT1, TGIF2, ZNF146, and ZNF580 were predicted to be the upstream transcription factors for TMEM147 in HCC. These results suggest that TMEM147 serves as a promising biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis and may potentially become a therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Department of Radiology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Meng-Xi Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Department of Radiology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Di-Di Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Department of Gastroenterology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xin-Xin Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hao Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Department of Gastroenterology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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8
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Silva J, Yu J, Kalinsky K. Reply to: Ricolinostat is not a highly selective HDAC6 inhibitor. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:809-811. [PMID: 37322366 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Silva
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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9
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Zheng YC, Kang HQ, Wang B, Zhu YZ, Mamun MAA, Zhao LF, Nie HQ, Liu Y, Zhao LJ, Zhang XN, Gao MM, Jiang DD, Liu HM, Gao Y. Curriculum vitae of HDAC6 in solid tumors. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123219. [PMID: 36642357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is the only member of the HDAC family that resides primarily in the cytoplasm with two catalytic domains and a ubiquitin-binding domain. HDAC6 is highly expressed in various solid tumors and participates in a wide range of biological activities, including hormone receptors, the p53 signaling pathway, and the kinase cascade signaling pathway due to its unique structural foundation and abundant substrate types. Additionally, HDAC6 can function as an oncogenic factor in solid tumors, boosting tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, drug resistance, stemness, and lowering tumor cell immunogenicity, so assisting in carcinogenesis. Pan-HDAC inhibitors for cancer prevention are associated with potential cardiotoxicity in clinical investigations. It's interesting that HDAC6 silencing didn't cause any significant harm to normal cells. Currently, the use of HDAC6 specific inhibitors, individually or in combination, is among the most promising therapies in solid tumors. This review's objective is to give a general overview of the structure, biological functions, and mechanism of HDAC6 in solid tumor cells and in the immunological milieu and discuss the preclinical and clinical trials of selective HDAC6 inhibitors. These endeavors highlight that targeting HDAC6 could effectively kill tumor cells and enhance patients' immunity during solid tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hui-Qin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuan-Zai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - M A A Mamun
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Long-Fei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hai-Qian Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Mei-Mei Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Dan-Dan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Ya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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10
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Liu B, Zhang J, Meng X, Xie SM, Liu F, Chen H, Yao D, Li M, Guo M, Shen H, Zhang X, Xing L. HDAC6-G3BP2 promotes lysosomal-TSC2 and suppresses mTORC1 under ETV4 targeting-induced low-lactate stress in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:1181-1195. [PMID: 36823378 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
TSC-mTORC1 inhibition-mediated translational reprogramming is a major adaptation mechanism upon many stresses, such as low-oxygen, -ATP, and -amino acids. But how cancer cells hijack the adaptive pathway to survive under low-lactate stress when targeting glycolysis-related signaling remains uncertain. ETV4 is an oncogenic transcription factor frequently dysregulated in human cancer. We previously found that ETV4 is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we report that ETV4 controls HK1 expression and glycolysis-lactate production to activate mTORC1 by relieving TSC2 repression of Rheb in NSCLC cells. Targeting ETV4-induced low-lactate stress is an important input for TSC2 to inhibit mTORC1 and global protein synthesis, while the core stress granule components G3BP2 and HDAC6 are selectively translated. Mechanistically, G3BP2 recruits lysosomal-TSC2 to suppress mTORC1. HDAC6 deacetylates TSC2 to sustain protein stability and associates with G3BP2 to facilitate more recruiting of TSC2 to inactivate mTORC1. In addition, the microtubule retrograde transport activity of HDAC6 drives the aggregate-like perinuclear-mTOR distribution paralleled by lower mTORC1 activity under stress. Thus, HDAC6-G3BP2 is the key complex that promotes lysosomal-TSC2 and suppresses mTORC1 when targeting ETV4, which might represent a critical adaptive mechanism for cell survival under low-lactate challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Shelly M Xie
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Heli Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Demin Yao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Minglei Li
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Minghui Guo
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.,Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.,Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.,Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Lingxiao Xing
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China. .,Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
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11
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OSW-1 induces apoptosis and cyto-protective autophagy, and synergizes with chemotherapy on triple negative breast cancer metastasis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1255-1275. [PMID: 36155886 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer. As yet, chemotherapy with drugs such as doxorubicin is the main treatment strategy. However, drug resistance and dose-dependent toxicities restrict their clinical use. Natural products are major sources of anti-tumor drugs. OSW-1 is a natural compound with strong anti-cancer effects in several types of cancer, but its effects on the efficacy of chemotherapy in TNBC and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. METHODS The inhibitory activities of OSW-1 and its combination with several chemotherapy drugs were tested using in vitro assays and in vivo subcutaneous and metastatic mouse TNBC models. The effects of the mono- and combination treatments on TNBC cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy and related signaling pathways were assessed using MTT, flow cytometry, RNA sequencing and immunology-based assays. In addition, the in vivo inhibitory effects of OSW-1 and (combined) chemotherapies were evaluated in subcutaneous and metastatic mouse tumor models. RESULTS We found that OSW-1 induces Ca2+-dependent mitochondria-dependent intrinsic apoptosis and cyto-protective autophagy through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in TNBC cells in vitro. We also found that OSW-1 and doxorubicin exhibited strong synergistic anti-TNBC capabilities both in vivo and in vitro. Combination treatment strongly inhibited spontaneous and experimental lung metastases in 4T1 mouse models. In addition, the combination strategy of OSW-1 + Carboplatin + Docetaxel showed an excellent anti-metastatic effect in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed the mode of action and molecular mechanism underlying the effect of OSW-1 against TNBC, and provided a useful guidance for improving the sensitivity of TNBC cells to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, which warrants further investigation.
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12
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He Y, Lu H, Zhao Y. Development of an autophagy activator from Class III PI3K complexes, Tat-BECN1 peptide: Mechanisms and applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:851166. [PMID: 36172279 PMCID: PMC9511052 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.851166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment or dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in many human pathologies ranging from neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, to malignancies. Efforts have been made to explore the therapeutic potential of pharmacological autophagy activators, as beneficial health effects from caloric restriction or physical exercise are linked to autophagy activation. However, the lack of specificity remains the major challenge to the development and clinical use of autophagy activators. One candidate of specific autophagy activators is Tat-BECN1 peptide, derived from Beclin 1 subunit of Class III PI3K complexes. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms by which Tat-BECN1 peptide activates autophagy, the strategies for optimization and development, and the applications of Tat-BECN1 peptide in cellular and organismal models of physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuting Zhao
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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13
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Jo H, Shim K, Jeoung D. Targeting HDAC6 to Overcome Autophagy-Promoted Anti-Cancer Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179592. [PMID: 36076996 PMCID: PMC9455701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate gene expression through the epigenetic modification of chromatin structure. HDAC6, unlike many other HDACs, is present in the cytoplasm. Its deacetylates non-histone proteins and plays diverse roles in cancer cell initiation, proliferation, autophagy, and anti-cancer drug resistance. The development of HDAC6-specific inhibitors has been relatively successful. Mechanisms of HDAC6-promoted anti-cancer drug resistance, cancer cell proliferation, and autophagy are discussed. The relationship between autophagy and anti-cancer drug resistance is discussed. The effects of combination therapy, which includes HDAC6 inhibitors, on the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutics and immune checkpoint blockade are presented. A summary of clinical trials involving HDAC6-specific inhibitors is also presented. This review presents HDAC6 as a valuable target for developing anti-cancer drugs.
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14
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Tavares MO, Milan TM, Bighetti-Trevisan RL, Leopoldino AM, de Almeida LO. Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 overcomes cisplatin chemoresistance by targeting cancer stem cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:529-537. [PMID: 35678235 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance is associated with recurrence and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation is highly resistant to therapy, and they are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. HDACs are histone deacetylase enzymes that epigenetically regulate gene expression. HDAC6 acts on several physiological processes, including oxidative stress, autophagy and DNA damage response, and its accumulation is associated with cancer. Here, we investigate the role of HDAC6 in CSC-mediated chemoresistance in oral carcinoma in addition to its application as a therapeutic target to reverse chemoresistance. METHODS Wild-type oral carcinoma cell lines (CAL27 WT and SCC9 WT), cisplatin-resistant (CAL27 CisR and SCC9 CisR), and the subpopulations of cancer stem cells (CSC+) and non-stem (CSC-) derived from CisR cells were investigated. HDAC6 accumulation was analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence; DNA damage was evaluated by immunofluorescence of phospho-H2A.X; the qPCR for PRDX2, PRDX6, SOD2, and TXN and ROS assay assessed oxidative stress. Apoptosis and CSC accumulation were investigated by flow cytometry. RESULTS We identified the accumulation of HDAC6 in CisR cell lines and CSC. Cisplatin-resistant cell lines and CSC demonstrated a reduction in DNA damage and ROS and elevated expression of PRDX2. The administration of tubastatin A (a specific HDAC6 inhibitor) increased oxidative stress and DNA damage and decreased PRDX2. Tubastatin A as a monotherapy induced apoptosis in CisR and CSC and reduced the stemness phenotype. CONCLUSION High levels of HDAC6 sustain CSC subpopulation and chemoresistance in OSCC, suggesting HDAC6 as a pharmacological target to overcome resistance and perhaps prevent recurrence in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Oliveira Tavares
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thaís Moré Milan
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia Machado Leopoldino
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luciana Oliveira de Almeida
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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15
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Ukey S, Ramteke A, Choudhury C, Purohit P, Sharma P. Differential Expression of Zinc-Dependent HDAC Subtypes and their Involvement in Unique Pathways Associated with Carcinogenesis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:877-883. [PMID: 35345359 PMCID: PMC9360949 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.3.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to identify the effect of ZnHDACs expression on the survival of the patients. Further, reveal the unique and common genes associated with each ZnHDACs and their associated pathways. METHODS The patient data was obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database and was analyzed using cBioportal and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2(GEPIA2) online tools. Protein-protein interactions and functional interactomic analysis were done using STRING, DAVID, and KEGG pathway databases. RESULTS HDAC1, 2, 8, 11 were over-expressed and, HDAC4, 5, 6, 7, and 10 were down-regulated in all the cancer types, but there are few exceptional expression patterns such as HDAC7 and HDAC10 overexpression in HNSC, HDAC3 down-regulation in LUAD, and PRAD. The unique genes interacting with each ZnHDACs provided a better understanding of ZnHDAC's putative role in carcinogenesis. The present study reported that JARID2, stem cell regulation gene uniquely interacts with HDAC1, BPTF-CHRAC-BAZIA axis, enzymes for chromatin modeling selectively interacting with only HDAC2, HDAC3 in H2A acetylation via DMAP1 and YEATS4. HDAC6 associated unique genes regulate protein stability, HDAC7 in subnuclear localization and splicing, HDAC8 in telomere maintenance, HDAC9 in chromosomal rearrangements, and HDAC11 in maintaining histone core and folding. CONCLUSION The unique genes and pathways associated with a particular ZnHDACs could provide a wide window for interrogating these genes for obtaining putative drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Ukey
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Abhilash Ramteke
- Department of computer science and engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
| | - Chinmayee Choudhury
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh., India.
| | - Purvi Purohit
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Praveen Sharma
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
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16
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Salimi-Jeda A, Ghabeshi S, Gol Mohammad Pour Z, Jazaeri EO, Araiinejad M, Sheikholeslami F, Abdoli M, Edalat M, Abdoli A. Autophagy Modulation and Cancer Combination Therapy: A Smart Approach in Cancer Therapy. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 30:100512. [PMID: 35026533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The autophagy pathway is the process whereby cells keep cellular homeostasis and respond to stress via recycling their damaged cellular proteins, organelles, and other cellular components. In the context of cancer, autophagy is a dual-edge sword pro- and anti-tumorigenic role depending on the oncogenic context and stage of tumorigenesis. Cancer cells have a higher dependency on autophagy compared with normal cells because of cellular damages and high demands for energy. The carbon, nitrogen, and molecular oxygen are building blocks for highly proliferative cancer cells which extremely depend on glutaminolysis and aerobic glycolysis; when a cancer cell is restricted to glucose and glutamine, it initiates to activate a stress response pathway using autophagy. Oncogenic tyrosine kinases (OncTKs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) activation result in autophagy modulation through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 and RAS/MAPK signaling pathways. Targeted inhibition of tyrosine kinases (TKs) and RTKs have recently been considered as cancer therapy but drug resistance and cancer relapse continue to be a major limitation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Manipulation of autophagy pathway along with TKIs may be a promising strategy to circumvent unknown existing drug-resistance mechanisms that may emerge in a treated patient. In this way, clinical trials are ongoing to modulate autophagy to treat cancer. This review aims to summarize the combination therapy of autophagy affecting compounds with anticancer drugs which target cell signaling pathways, metabolism mechanisms, and epigenetics modification to improve therapeutic efficacy against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Salimi-Jeda
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soad Ghabeshi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Ollah Jazaeri
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Araiinejad
- WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sheikholeslami
- WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran Iran
| | - Mohsen Abdoli
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Edalat
- Department of medical laboratory sciences, Paramedical Sciences, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Abdoli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 13169-43551, Iran.
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17
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Trisciuoglio D, Degrassi F. The Tubulin Code and Tubulin-Modifying Enzymes in Autophagy and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010006. [PMID: 35008169 PMCID: PMC8750717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Microtubules are tubulin polymers that constitute the structure of eukaryotic cells. They control different cell functions that are often deregulated in cancer, such as cell shape, cell motility and the intracellular movement of organelles. Here, we focus on the crucial role of tubulin modifications in determining different cancer characteristics, including metastatic cell migration and therapy resistance. We also discuss the influence of microtubule modifications on the autophagic process—the cellular degradation pathway that influences cancer growth. We discuss findings showing that inducing microtubule modifications can be used as a means to kill cancer cells by inhibiting autophagy. Abstract Microtubules are key components of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. Microtubule dynamic instability together with the “tubulin code” generated by the choice of different α- and β- tubulin isoforms and tubulin post-translational modifications have essential roles in the control of a variety of cellular processes, such as cell shape, cell motility, and intracellular trafficking, that are deregulated in cancer. In this review, we will discuss available evidence that highlights the crucial role of the tubulin code in determining different cancer phenotypes, including metastatic cell migration, drug resistance, and tumor vascularization, and the influence of modulating tubulin-modifying enzymes on cancer cell survival and aggressiveness. We will also discuss the role of post-translationally modified microtubules in autophagy—the lysosomal-mediated cellular degradation pathway—that exerts a dual role in many cancer types, either promoting or suppressing cancer growth. We will give particular emphasis to the role of tubulin post-translational modifications and their regulating enzymes in controlling the different stages of the autophagic process in cancer cells, and consider how the experimental modulation of tubulin-modifying enzymes influences the autophagic process in cancer cells and impacts on cancer cell survival and thereby represents a new and fruitful avenue in cancer therapy.
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18
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Park SJ, Joo SH, Lee N, Jang WJ, Seo JH, Jeong CH. ACY-241, an HDAC6 inhibitor, overcomes erlotinib resistance in human pancreatic cancer cells by inducing autophagy. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:1062-1075. [PMID: 34761352 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a promising target for cancer treatment because it regulates cell mobility, protein trafficking, cell growth, apoptosis, and metastasis. However, the mechanism of HDAC6-induced anticancer drug resistance is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer effect of ACY-241, an HDAC6-selective inhibitor, on erlotinib-resistant pancreatic cancer cells that overexpress HDAC6. Our data revealed that ACY-241 hyperacetylated the HDAC6 substrate, α-tubulin, leading to a significant reduction in cell viability of erlotinib-resistant pancreatic cells, BxPC3-ER and HPAC-ER. Notably, a synergistic anticancer effect was observed in cells that received combined treatment with ACY-241 and erlotinib. Combined treatment effectively induced autophagy and inhibited autophagy through siLC3B, and siATG5 alleviated ACY-241-mediated cell death, as reflected by the recovery of PARP cleavage and apoptosis rates. In addition, combined ACY-241 and erlotinib treatment induced autophagy and subsequently, cell death by reducing AKT-mTOR activity and increasing phospho-AMPK signaling. Therefore, HDAC6 may be involved in the suppression of autophagy and acquisition of resistance to erlotinib in ER pancreatic cancer cells. ACY-241 to overcome erlotinib resistance could be an effective therapeutic strategy against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeil-daero, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Joo
- Department of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, 38430, South Korea
| | - Naeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeil-daero, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Won-Jun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeil-daero, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeil-daero, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeil-daero, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
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19
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Huang A. Aggresome-Autophagy Associated Gene HDAC6 Is a Potential Biomarker in Pan-Cancer, Especially in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:718589. [PMID: 34485153 PMCID: PMC8416150 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.718589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) regulates cytoplasmic signaling networks through the deacetylation of various cytoplasmic substrates. Recent studies have identified the role of HDAC6 in tumor development and immune metabolism, but its specific function remains unclear. METHODS The current study determined the role of HDAC6 in tumor metabolism and tumor immunity through a multi-database pan-cancer analysis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) datasets were used to determine the expression levels, prognosis, tumor progression, immune checkpoints, and immune metabolism of HDAC6 in 33 tumors. Pathways, immune checkpoints, immune neoantigens, immune microenvironment, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), DNA mismatch repair (MMR), and the value of methyltransferases. The R package was used for quantitative analysis and panoramic description. RESULTS In the present study, we determined that HDAC6 is differentially expressed in pan carcinomas, and by survival, we found that HDAC6 was generally associated with the prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, Thymoma, and uveal melanoma, where low expression of HDAC6 had a significantly worse prognosis. Secondly, through this experiment, we confirmed that HDAC6 expression level was associated with tumor immune infiltration and tumor microenvironment, especially in PAAD. Finally, HDAC6 was associated with immune neoantigen and immune checkpoint gene expression profiles in all cancers in addition to TMB and MSI in pan-cancers. CONCLUSION HDAC6 is differentially expressed in pan-cancers and plays an essential role in tumor metabolism and immunity. HDAC6 holds promise as a tumor potential prognostic marker, especially in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aimin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Mandhair HK, Novak U, Radpour R. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy: A key modification in cancer cells and cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:542-567. [PMID: 34249227 PMCID: PMC8246247 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i6.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic alterations play a decisive role in cancer initiation and propagation via the regulation of key tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes or by modulation of essential signaling pathways. Autophagy is a highly regulated mechanism required for the recycling and degradation of surplus and damaged cytoplasmic constituents in a lysosome dependent manner. In cancer, autophagy has a divergent role. For instance, autophagy elicits tumor promoting functions by facilitating metabolic adaption and plasticity in cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer cells. Moreover, autophagy exerts pro-survival mechanisms to these cancerous cells by influencing survival, dormancy, immunosurveillance, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to anti-cancer therapies. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that various tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes involved in autophagy, are tightly regulated via different epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. The impact of epigenetic regulation of autophagy in cancer cells and CSCs is not well-understood. Therefore, uncovering the complex mechanism of epigenetic regulation of autophagy provides an opportunity to improve and discover novel cancer therapeutics. Subsequently, this would aid in improving clinical outcome for cancer patients. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge available on epigenetic regulation of autophagy and its importance in the maintenance and homeostasis of CSCs and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet K Mandhair
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Urban Novak
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
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21
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Liao M, Wang C, Yang B, Huang D, Zheng Y, Wang S, Wang X, Zhang J, Tang C, Xu Z, He Y, Huang R, Zhang F, Wang Z, Wang N. Autophagy Blockade by Ai Du Qing Formula Promotes Chemosensitivity of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Via GRP78/β-Catenin/ABCG2 Axis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:659297. [PMID: 34149413 PMCID: PMC8210424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.659297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the root of drug chemoresistance in breast cancer is tightly associated with subpopulations of cancer stem cells (CSCs), whose activation is largely dependent on taxol-promoting autophagy. Our pilot study identified GRP78 as a specific marker for chemoresistance potential of breast CSCs by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Ai Du Qing (ADQ) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been utilized in the treatment cancer, particularly during the consolidation phase. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of ADQ in promoting autophagy-related breast cancer chemosensitivity. ADQ with taxol decreasing the cell proliferation and colony formation of breast cancer cells, which was accompanied by suppressed breast CSC ratio, limited self-renewal capability, as well as attenuated multi-differentiation. Furthermore, autophagy in ADQ-treated breast CSCs was blocked by taxol via regulation of β-catenin/ABCG2 signaling. We also validated that autophagy suppression and chemosensitizing activity of this formula was GRP78-dependent. In addition, GRP78 overexpression promoted autophagy-inducing chemoresistance in breast cancer cells by stabilizing β-catenin, while ADQ treatment downregulated GRP78, activated the Akt/GSK3β-mediated proteasome degradation of β-catenin via ubiquitination activation, and consequently attenuated the chemoresistance-promoted effect of GRP78. In addition, both mouse breast cancer xenograft and zebrafish xenotransplantation models demonstrated that ADQ inhibited mammary tumor growth, and the breast CSC subpopulation showed obscure adverse effects. Collectively, this study not only reveals the chemosensitizating mechanism of ADQ in breast CSCs, but also highlights the importance of GRP78 in mediating autophagy-promoting drug resistance via β-catenin/ABCG2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianmian Liao
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiwei Wang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danping Huang
- Shenzhen Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juping Zhang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunbian Tang
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruolin Huang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Neng Wang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Overcome the tumor immunotherapy resistance by combination of the HDAC6 inhibitors with antitumor immunomodulatory agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104754. [PMID: 33677416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy is currently subject of intense scientific and clinical developments. In previous decade, therapists used natural immune system from the human body to treat several diseases. Although tumor immune disease is a big challenge, combinatorial therapeutic strategy has been succeeded to show the clinical significance. In this context, we discuss the HDAC6 and tumor immune diseases relationship. Also, we summarized the current state of knowledge that based on the combination treatments of the HDAC6 inhibitors (HDAC6is) with antitumor immunomodulatory agents. We observed that, the combination therapies slow down the tumor immune diseases by blocking the aggresome and proteasome pathway. The combination therapy was able to reduce M2 macrophage and increasing PD-L1 blockade sensitivity. Most importantly, multiple combinations of HDAC6is with other agents may consider as potential strategies to treat tumor immune diseases, by reducing the side effects and improve efficacy for the future clinical development.
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23
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Xiang X, Tian Y, Hu J, Xiong R, Bautista M, Deng L, Yue Q, Li Y, Kuang W, Li J, Liu K, Yu C, Feng G. Fangchinoline exerts anticancer effects on colorectal cancer by inducing autophagy via regulation AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114475. [PMID: 33609560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy has become a promising target for cancer therapy. Fangchinoline (Fan) has been shown to exert anticancer effects in some types of cancers. However, the anticancer effects on colorectal cancer (CRC) and the underlying mechanisms have never been elucidated. More specifically, regulation of autophagy in CRC by Fan has never been reported before. In the present study, Fan was found to induce apoptosis and autophagic flux in the CRC cell lines HT29 and HCT116, which was reflected by the enhanced levels of LC3-II protein and p62 degradation, and the increased formation of autophagosomes and puncta formation by LC3-II. Meanwhile, combination with the early-stage autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) but not the late-stage autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) further increased Fan-induced cell death, which suggested the cytoprotective function of autophagy induced by Fan in both HT29 and HCT116 cells. Moreover, Fan treatment demonstrated a dose- and time-dependently increase in the phosphorylation of AMPK and decrease in the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ULK1, leading to the activation of the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, in the HT29 xenograft model, Fan inhibited tumor growth in vivo. These results indicate that Fan inhibited CRC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo and revealed a new molecular mechanism involved in the anticancer effect of Fan on CRC, suggesting that Fan is a potent autophagy inducer and might be a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Xiang
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Cancer Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Nanchong Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Yunhong Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Rong Xiong
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Cancer Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Nanchong Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Matthew Bautista
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Li Deng
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Cancer Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Nanchong Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Qiuju Yue
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Cancer Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Nanchong Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Wei Kuang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Cancer Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Nanchong Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
| | - Gang Feng
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Cancer Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Nanchong Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
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24
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Zhou HM, Zhang JG, Zhang X, Li Q. Targeting cancer stem cells for reversing therapy resistance: mechanism, signaling, and prospective agents. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:62. [PMID: 33589595 PMCID: PMC7884707 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) show a self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential that contribute to tumor progression and therapy resistance. However, the underlying processes are still unclear. Elucidation of the key hallmarks and resistance mechanisms of CSCs may help improve patient outcomes and reduce relapse by altering therapeutic regimens. Here, we reviewed the identification of CSCs, the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of therapy resistance in CSCs, the signaling pathways of CSCs that mediate treatment failure, and potential CSC-targeting agents in various tumors from the clinical perspective. Targeting the mechanisms and pathways described here might contribute to further drug discovery and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ming Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, No.100 Haining Road, 200080, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Gang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, No.100 Haining Road, 200080, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, No.100 Haining Road, 200080, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, No.100 Haining Road, 200080, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Zhang Q, Jiang C, Ren W, Li S, Zheng J, Gao Y, Zhi K, Gao L. Circ-LRP6 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:660-667. [PMID: 33501755 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor metastasis seriously affects the therapeutic effect and prognosis of cancer patients. Here, we studied the role of has_circ_0000378 (circ-LRP6) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) metastasis to explore new ideas and schemes for clinical treatment. METHODS The expressions of circ-LRP6 in OSCC and normal tissues from matched controls were measured by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factors, P62 and LC3B, were determined by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence (IF) assay. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of circ-LRP6 downregulation on migration, invasion, and autophagy using CCK8, transwell assays, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence (IF) assay. RESULTS The expression of circ-LRP6 in OSCC tissues was high. Downregulation of circ-LRP6 reduced the EMT process of SCC-15 cells, as evidenced by increased E-cadherin and decreased vimentin and Zeb1 levels. Downregulation of circ-LRP6 also decreased autophagy as shown by increased levels of P62 and decreased LC3B in SCC-15 cells. Autophagy revulsant rapamycin (RAPA) rescued the inhibitory effect of circ-LRP6 on LC3B, vimentin, and Zeb1. CONCLUSIONS circ-LRP6 promoted EMT and autophagy of OSCC and increased autophagy could rescue EMT in OSCC cells inhibited by circ-LRP6 siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunmiao Jiang
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoming Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuli Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Keqian Zhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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26
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Zhan Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Pei F, Chen Z. HDAC6 Regulates the Fusion of Autophagosome and Lysosome to Involve in Odontoblast Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:605609. [PMID: 33330506 PMCID: PMC7732691 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.605609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontoblast differentiation is an important process during tooth development in which pre-odontoblasts undergo elongation, polarization, and finally become mature secretory odontoblasts. Many factors have been found to regulate the process, and our previous studies demonstrated that autophagy plays an important role in tooth development and promotes odontoblastic differentiation in an inflammatory environment. However, it remains unclear how autophagy is modulated during odontoblast differentiation. In this study, we found that HDAC6 was involved in odontoblast differentiation. The odontoblastic differentiation capacity of human dental papilla cells was impaired upon HDAC6 inhibition. Moreover, we found that HDAC6 and autophagy exhibited similar expression patterns during odontoblast differentiation both in vivo and in vitro; the expression of HDAC6 and the autophagy related proteins ATG5 and LC3 increased as differentiation progressed. Upon knockdown of HDAC6, LC3 puncta were increased in cytoplasm and the autophagy substrate P62 was also increased, suggesting that autophagic flux was affected in human dental papilla cells. Next, we determined the mechanism during odontoblastic differentiation and found that the HDAC6 substrate acetylated-Tubulin was up-regulated when HDAC6 was knocked down, and LAMP2, LC3, and P62 protein levels were increased; however, the levels of ATG5 and Beclin1 showed no obvious change. Autophagosomes accumulated while the number of autolysosomes was decreased as determined by mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid labeling. This suggested that the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes was blocked, thus affecting the autophagic process during odontoblast differentiation. In conclusion, HDAC6 regulates the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes during odontoblast differentiation. When HDAC6 is inhibited, autophagosomes can't fuse with lysosomes, autophagy activity is decreased, and it leads to down-regulation of odontoblastic differentiation capacity. This provides a new perspective on the role of autophagy in odontoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Zhan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haisheng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Pei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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27
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Qureshi-Baig K, Kuhn D, Viry E, Pozdeev VI, Schmitz M, Rodriguez F, Ullmann P, Koncina E, Nurmik M, Frasquilho S, Nazarov PV, Zuegel N, Boulmont M, Karapetyan Y, Antunes L, Val D, Mittelbronn M, Janji B, Haan S, Letellier E. Hypoxia-induced autophagy drives colorectal cancer initiation and progression by activating the PRKC/PKC-EZR (ezrin) pathway. Autophagy 2020; 16:1436-1452. [PMID: 31775562 PMCID: PMC7469473 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1687213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In solid tumors, cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are often found in hypoxic niches. Nevertheless, the influence of hypoxia on TICs is poorly understood. Using previously established, TIC-enrichedpatient-derived colorectal cancer (CRC) cultures, we show that hypoxia increases the self-renewal capacity of TICs while inducing proliferation arrest in their more differentiated counterpart cultures. Gene expression data revealed macroautophagy/autophagy as one of the major pathways induced by hypoxia in TICs. Interestingly, hypoxia-induced autophagy was found to induce phosphorylation of EZR (ezrin) at Thr567 residue, which could be reversed by knocking down ATG5, BNIP3, BNIP3L, or BECN1. Furthermore, we identified PRKCA/PKCα as a potential kinase involved in hypoxia-induced autophagy-mediated TIC self-renewal. Genetic targeting of autophagy or pharmacological inhibition of PRKC/PKC and EZR resulted in decreased tumor-initiating potential of TICs. In addition, we observed significantly reduced in vivo tumor initiation and growth after a stable knockdown of ATG5. Analysis of human CRC samples showed that p-EZR is often present in TICs located in the hypoxic and autophagic regions of the tumor. Altogether, our results establish the hypoxia-autophagy-PKC-EZR signaling axis as a novel regulatory mechanism of TIC self-renewal and CRC progression. Autophagy inhibition might thus represent a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer patients. ABBREVIATIONS ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin 1; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L: BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; CQ: chloroquine; CSC: cancer stem cells; CRC: colorectal cancer; HIF1A/HIF-1α: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; PRKC/PKC: protein kinase C; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TICs: tumor-initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Qureshi-Baig
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Diana Kuhn
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Elodie Viry
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Vitaly I. Pozdeev
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Martine Schmitz
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Fabien Rodriguez
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pit Ullmann
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Eric Koncina
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Martin Nurmik
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Petr V. Nazarov
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Nikolaus Zuegel
- Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Emile Mayrisch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Boulmont
- Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Emile Mayrisch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Laurent Antunes
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel Val
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Bassam Janji
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Serge Haan
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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28
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Auzmendi-Iriarte J, Saenz-Antoñanzas A, Mikelez-Alonso I, Carrasco-Garcia E, Tellaetxe-Abete M, Lawrie CH, Sampron N, Cortajarena AL, Matheu A. Characterization of a new small-molecule inhibitor of HDAC6 in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:417. [PMID: 32488056 PMCID: PMC7265429 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an epigenetic modifier that is an attractive pharmacological target in cancer. In this work, we show that HDAC6 is elevated in glioblastoma, the most malignant and common brain tumor in adults, in which its high levels correlate with poor patient survival and is more abundant in glioma stem cell subpopulation. Moreover, we identified a new small-molecule inhibitor of HDAC6, which presents strong sensitivity for HDAC6 inhibition and exerts high cytotoxic activity, alone or in combination with temozolomide. It is also able to significantly reduce tumor growth in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis of patient-derived glioma stem cells revealed an increase in cell differentiation and cell death pathways, as well as a decrease in cell-cycle activity and cell division by the treatment with the compound. Finally, the comparison with a pan-HDAC inhibitor, Vorinostat (SAHA), or HDAC6-specific inhibitor, Tubastatin A, showed higher target specificity and antitumor activity of the new HDAC6 inhibitor. In conclusion, our data reveal the efficacy of a novel HDAC6 inhibitor in glioblastoma preclinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Idoia Mikelez-Alonso
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Estefania Carrasco-Garcia
- Cellular Oncology group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,CIBERfes, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Charles H Lawrie
- Molecular Oncology group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicolás Sampron
- Cellular Oncology group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,CIBERfes, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain. .,CIBERfes, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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29
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Adewole KE, Ishola AA. A Computational Approach to Investigate the HDAC6 and HDAC10 Binding Propensity of Psidium guajava-derived Compounds as Potential Anticancer Agents. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 18:423-436. [PMID: 32357815 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200502013657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different parts of Psidium guajava are consumed as food and used for medicinal purposes around the world. Although studies have reported their antiproliferative effects via different biochemical mechanisms, their modulatory effects on epigenetic modification of DNA molecules via histone deacetylases (HDACs) are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to investigate the histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) binding propensity of guava-derived compounds, using in silico methods, in other to identify compounds with HDAC inhibitory potentials. METHODS Fifty-nine guava-derived compounds and apicidin, a standard HDAC inhibitor, were docked with HDAC6 and HDAC10 using AutodockVina after modeling (SWISS-MODEL server) and validating (ERRAT and VERIFY-3D) the structure of HDAC10. Molecular interactions between the ligands and the HDACs were viewed with Discovery Studio Visualizer. Prediction of binding sites, surface structural pockets, active sites, area, shape and volume of every pocket and internal cavities of proteins was done using Computed Atlas of Surface Topography of proteins (CASTp) server, while absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) study of notable compounds was done using Swiss online ADME web tool. RESULTS 2α-hydroxyursolic acid, asiatic acid, betulinic acid, crategolic acid, guajadial A and B, guavacoumaric acid, guavanoic acid, ilelatifol D, isoneriucoumaric acid, jacoumaric acid, oleanolic acid, psiguadial A, B, and C demonstrated maximum interaction with the selected HDACs. ADME studies revealed that although isoneriucoumaric and jacoumaric acid ranked very high as HDAC inhibitors, they both violated the Lipinski's rule of 5. CONCLUSION This study identified 13 drugable guava-derived compounds that can be enlisted for further studies as potential HDAC6 and HDAC10 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode Ezekiel Adewole
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Adebayo Ishola
- Central Research Laboratories Limited, 132B University Road Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
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30
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Bora-Singhal N, Mohankumar D, Saha B, Colin CM, Lee JY, Martin MW, Zheng X, Coppola D, Chellappan S. Novel HDAC11 inhibitors suppress lung adenocarcinoma stem cell self-renewal and overcome drug resistance by suppressing Sox2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4722. [PMID: 32170113 PMCID: PMC7069992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is known to have poor patient outcomes due to development of resistance to chemotherapy agents and the EGFR inhibitors, which results in recurrence of highly aggressive lung tumors. Even with recent success in immunotherapy using the checkpoint inhibitors, additional investigations are essential to identify novel therapeutic strategies for efficacious treatment for NSCLC. Our finding that high levels of histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) in human lung tumor tissues correlate with poor patient outcome and that depletion or inhibition of HDAC11 not only significantly reduces self-renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs) from NSCLC but also decreases Sox2 expression that is essential for maintenance of CSCs, indicates that HDAC11 is a potential target to combat NSCLC. We find that HDAC11 suppresses Sox2 expression through the mediation of Gli1, the Hedgehog pathway transcription factor. In addition, we have used highly selective HDAC11 inhibitors that not only target stemness and adherence independent growth of lung cancer cells but these inhibitors could also efficiently ablate the growth of drug-insensitive stem-like cells as well as therapy resistant lung cancer cells. These inhibitors were found to be efficacious even in presence of cancer associated fibroblasts which have been shown to contribute in therapy resistance. Our study presents a novel role of HDAC11 in lung adenocarcinoma progression and the potential use of highly selective inhibitors of HDAC11 in combating lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Bora-Singhal
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Durairaj Mohankumar
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Biswarup Saha
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Christelle M Colin
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Lee
- FORMA Therapeutics, 500 Arsenal St, Suite 100, Watertown, MA, 02472, USA
| | - Matthew W Martin
- FORMA Therapeutics, 500 Arsenal St, Suite 100, Watertown, MA, 02472, USA
| | - Xiaozhang Zheng
- FORMA Therapeutics, 500 Arsenal St, Suite 100, Watertown, MA, 02472, USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Srikumar Chellappan
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Yeon M, Lee S, Lee JE, Jung HS, Kim Y, Jeoung D. CAGE-miR-140-5p-Wnt1 Axis Regulates Autophagic Flux, Tumorigenic Potential of Mouse Colon Cancer Cells and Cellular Interactions Mediated by Exosomes. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1240. [PMID: 31799196 PMCID: PMC6868029 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the cancer/testis antigen CAGE has been implicated in tumorigenesis, the molecular mechanisms of CAGE-promoted tumorigenesis remain largely unknown. CT26Flag−CAGE cells, CT26 (mouse colon cancer cells) cells stably expressing CAGE, were established to investigate CAGE-promoted tumorigenesis. Down-regulation of CAGE led to decreased autophagic flux in CT26Flag−CAGE cells. CAGE interacted with Beclin1, a mediator of autophagy. The CT26Flag−CAGE cells showed enhanced autophagosome formation and displayed greater tumor spheroid-forming potential than CT26 cells. MicroRNA array analysis revealed that CAGE decreased the expression of various microRNAs, including miR-140-5p, in CT26 cells. CAGE was shown to bind to the promoter sequences of miR-140-5p. MiR-140-5p inhibition increased the tumorigenic potential of and autophagic flux in CT26 cells. A miR-140-5p mimic exerted negative effects on the tumorigenic potential of CT26Flag−CAGE cells and autophagic flux in CT26Flag−CAGE cells. MiR-140-5p was predicted to bind to the 3′-UTR of Wnt1. CT26Flag−CAGE cells showed higher expression of Wnt1 than CT26 cells. Down-regulation of Wnt1 decreased autophagic flux. Luciferase activity assays showed the direct regulation of wnt1 by miR-140-5p. Tumor tissue derived from the CT26Flag−CAGE cells revealed higher expressions of factors associated with activated mast cells and tumor-associated macrophages than tumor tissue derived from CT26 cells. Culture medium from the CT26Flag−CAGE cells increased autophagic flux in CT26 cells, mast cells and macrophages. Culture medium from the CT26Flag−CAGE cells increased CD163 and autophagic flux in CT26 cells, mast cells, and macrophages in a Wnt1-dependent manner. Exosomes from CT26Flag−CAGE cells increased autophagc flux in CT26 cells, mast cells, and macrophages. Exosomes from CT26Flag−CAGE cells increased the tumorigenic potential of CT26 cells. Wnt1 was shown to be present within the exosomes. Recombinant Wnt1 protein increased autophagic flux in CT26, mast cells, and macrophages. Recombinant wnt1 protein mediated interactions between the CT26 cells, mast cells, and macrophages. Our results showed novel roles for the CAGE-miR-140-5p-Wnt1 axis in autophagic flux and cellular interactions mediated by exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Yeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Joo-Eun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- College of Medicine, Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
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