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Yu S, Wang R, Wang W. Hsa-miR-342-3p and hsa-miR-360 may be the key molecules that promote periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32198. [PMID: 38873685 PMCID: PMC11170139 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis (PD) has been acknowledged as a complication associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the precise mechanism through which T2DM fosters the development of PD remains elusive. Our objective is to elucidate the connection between these two conditions by conducting bioinformatics analysis. Methods In this study, we analyzed miRNA datasets pertaining to T2DM and PD sourced from GEO. Through differential expression analysis, we identified common differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and subsequently analyzed the functional enrichment of these common DE-miRNAs. We further leveraged the PD transcriptome database to select DE-miRNA-targeted mRNAs and examined their association with immune infiltration. Finally, machine learning was used to further screen hub DE-miRNA-targeted mRNAs and validate our data in external datasets. Results Two common DE-miRNAs, namely hsa-miR-342-3p and hsa-miR-360, were identified from the miRNA datasets of PD and T2DM. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these two common DE-miRNAs predominantly participate in Ras, PI3K-Akt, p53, and MAPK signaling pathways. Integration of the PD transcriptome dataset revealed a total of 21 DE-miRNA-targeted mRNAs in PD, with strong correlations observed with plasma cells and dendritic cells. Finally, three hub DE-miRNA-targeted mRNAs (hsa-miR-342-3p-/hsa-miR-360-RASAL2, hsa-miR-360-ENTPD1/PLXDC2) were identified. ENTPD1 exhibited a robust positive correlation with plasma cells and a negative correlation with resting dendritic cells. Conclusions Therefore, hsa-miR-342-3p-/hsa-miR-360-RASAL2, as well as hsa-miR-360-ENTPD1/PLXDC2, may serve as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for T2DM-associated PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobing Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Clinical Laboratory, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruxin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Oversea Chinese Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Clinical Laboratory, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Cui Y, Sun Y, Li D, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Cao D, Cao X. The crosstalk among the physical tumor microenvironment and the effects of glucose deprivation on tumors in the past decade. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1275543. [PMID: 38020920 PMCID: PMC10646288 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1275543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and progression of tumors are inseparable from glucose metabolism. With the development of tumors, the volume increases gradually and the nutritional supply of tumors cannot be fully guaranteed. The tumor microenvironment changes and glucose deficiency becomes the common stress environment of tumors. Here, we discuss the mutual influences between glucose deprivation and other features of the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia, immune escape, low pH, and oxidative stress. In the face of a series of stress responses brought by glucose deficiency, different types of tumors have different coping mechanisms. We summarize the tumor studies on glucose deficiency in the last decade and review the genes and pathways that determine the fate of tumors under harsh conditions. It turns out that most of these genes help tumor cells survive in glucose-deprivation conditions. The development of related inhibitors may bring new opportunities for the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Cui
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanlin Sun
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyu Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Cao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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3
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Hashemi M, Paskeh MDA, Orouei S, Abbasi P, Khorrami R, Dehghanpour A, Esmaeili N, Ghahremanzade A, Zandieh MA, Peymani M, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Hushmandi K. Towards dual function of autophagy in breast cancer: A potent regulator of tumor progression and therapy response. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114546. [PMID: 36958191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As a devastating disease, breast cancer has been responsible for decrease in life expectancy of females and its morbidity and mortality are high. Breast cancer is the most common tumor in females and its treatment has been based on employment of surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The changes in biological behavior of breast tumor relies on genomic and epigenetic mutations and depletions as well as dysregulation of molecular mechanisms that autophagy is among them. Autophagy function can be oncogenic in increasing tumorigenesis, and when it has pro-death function, it causes reduction in viability of tumor cells. The carcinogenic function of autophagy in breast tumor is an impediment towards effective therapy of patients, as it can cause drug resistance and radio-resistance. The important hallmarks of breast tumor such as glucose metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis can be regulated by autophagy. Oncogenic autophagy can inhibit apoptosis, while it promotes stemness of breast tumor. Moreover, autophagy demonstrates interaction with tumor microenvironment components such as macrophages and its level can be regulated by anti-tumor compounds in breast tumor therapy. The reasons of considering autophagy in breast cancer therapy is its pleiotropic function, dual role (pro-survival and pro-death) and crosstalk with important molecular mechanisms such as apoptosis. Moreover, current review provides a pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of autophagy in breast tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Orouei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Abbasi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Dehghanpour
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Esmaeili
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Ghahremanzade
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Li Z, Chen R, Li Y, Zhou Q, Zhao H, Zeng K, Zhao B, Lu Z. A comprehensive overview of PPM1B: From biological functions to diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175633. [PMID: 36863552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is an important mechanism that regulates cellular processes, which are precisely regulated by protein kinases and phosphatases. PPM1B is a metal ion-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase, which regulates multiple biological functions by targeting substrate dephosphorylation, such as cell cycle, energy metabolism, inflammatory responses. In this review, we summarized the occurrent understandings of PPM1B focused on its regulation of signaling pathways, related diseases, and small-molecular inhibitors, which may provide new insights for the identification of PPM1B inhibitors and the treatment of PPM1B-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyao Li
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Ruoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Huanxin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Kewu Zeng
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, 250117, Shandong, China.
| | - Baobing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Lu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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5
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Wang Q, Wu S, Gu Y, Liang H, He F, Wang X, He D, Wu K. RASAL2 regulates the cell cycle and cyclin D1 expression through PI3K/AKT signalling in prostate tumorigenesis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:275. [PMID: 35668070 PMCID: PMC9170709 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) growth and progression are uniquely dependent on androgens, making the androgen receptor pathway a prime target for therapy; however, cancer progression to androgen independence leads to treatment failure and poor prognosis. In recent years, alternative therapeutic pathways for PCa have been extensively explored, such as the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, cell cycle, and DNA repair. In the present study, we discovered that RASAL2, a RAS-GTPase-activating protein, acted as an oncogene to regulate cancer cell proliferation and the cell cycle and contributed to tumorigenesis via the PI3K/AKT/cyclin D1 pathway. First, RASAL2 expression was higher in PCa tumour and metastatic lymph node tissues than in matched adjacent nontumor tissues and was associated with higher PCa tumour stage, Gleason score and poorer prognosis. Mechanistically, we found that RASAL2 promoted tumour cell proliferation, the transition from G1 to S phase in vitro and tumour growth in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that RASAL2 facilitated phosphorylation of AKT, which in turn increased the expression of cyclin D1 encoded by the CCND1 gene. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the expression of RASAL2 and cyclin D1 in subcutaneous xenografts and clinical specimens. Taken together, these findings indicate that RASAL2 plays an oncogenic role in prostate cancer and may promote PCa tumorigenesis through PI3K/AKT signalling and cyclin D1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Gu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Kaijie Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China.
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6
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Li R, Dou J, Bai T, Cai B, Liu Y. Protein Phosphatase PPM1B Inhibits Gastric Cancer Progression and Serves as a Favorable Prognostic Biomarker. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:366-374. [PMID: 35319516 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein phosphatase PPM1B, also named as PP2Cβ, is a member of serine/threonine phosphatase family. Dysregulated expression of PPM1B has been reported in several malignancies; nevertheless, its role in gastric cancer remains unknown. Here, we aimed to initially investigate the expression and function of PPM1B in gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS We firstly evaluated the protein expression of PPM1B in our enrolled retrospective cohort (n=161) via immunohistochemistry staining. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess its prognostic value. Cellular experiments and xenografts in mice model were also performed to validate the role of PPM1B in gastric adenocarcinoma progression. RESULTS The advanced tumor stage was characterized with a lower PPM1B level. Lower PPM1B was associated with poor prognosis in both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and our cohort (P<0.05). Furthermore, Cox regression analysis demonstrated that PPM1B was a novel independent prognostic factor for gastric adenocarcinoma patients (hazard ratio=0.35, P=0.001). Finally, cellular and xenografts data confirmed that overexpressing PPM1B can remarkably attenuated gastric adenocarcinoma growth. CONCLUSION Low expression of PPM1B may be a potential molecular marker for poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhuozhou City Hospital, Zhuozhou
| | - Jian Dou
- Department of Neurology, Zhuozhou City Hospital, Zhuozhou
| | - Tianliang Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding
| | - Bindan Cai
- Department of Neurology, Zhuozhou City Hospital, Zhuozhou
| | - Yabin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province), Shijiiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
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7
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Han P, Yue J, Kong K, Hu S, Cao P, Deng Y, Li F, Zhao B. Signature identification of relapse-related overall survival of early lung adenocarcinoma after radical surgery. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11923. [PMID: 34430085 PMCID: PMC8349519 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread use of low-dose chest CT screening has improved the detection of early lung adenocarcinoma. Radical surgery is the best treatment strategy for patients with early lung adenocarcinoma; however, some patients present with postoperative recurrence and poor prognosis. Through this study, we hope to establish a model that can identify patients that are prone to recurrence and have poor prognosis after surgery for early lung adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods We screened prognostic and relapse-related genes using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the GSE50081 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GSE30219 dataset was used to further screen target genes and construct a risk prognosis signature. Time-dependent ROC analysis, calibration degree analysis, and DCA were used to evaluate the reliability of the model. We validated the TCGA dataset, GSE50081, and GSE30219 internally. External validation was conducted in the GSE31210 dataset. Results A novel four-gene signature (INPP5B, FOSL2, CDCA3, RASAL2) was established to predict relapse-related survival outcomes in patients with early lung adenocarcinoma after surgery. The discovery of these genes may reveal the molecular mechanism of recurrence and poor prognosis of early lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, ROC analysis, calibration analysis and DCA were used to verify the genetic signature internally and externally. Our results showed that our gene signature had a good predictive ability for recurrence and prognosis. Conclusions We established a four-gene signature and predictive model to predict the recurrence and corresponding survival rates in patients with early lung adenocarcinoma after surgery. These may be helpful for reforumulating post-operative consolidation treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaqi Yue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kangle Kong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Fan D, Yu S, Yang Y, Qu S. Low Expression of Rasal2 Promotes Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Metastasis through Ras/ERK Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:992-998. [PMID: 34193694 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The RAS protein activator like 2 (Rasal2) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in variety of cancers; while an oncogenic protein in ovarian cancer and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the exact role of Rasal2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the role of Rasal2 in NSCLC and the underlying mechanisms. Rasal2 expression level was measured in NSCLC tissue and cells by using quantitative (q)-PCR and immunoblotting analysis. The clinical implication of Rasal2 in NSCLC patients was also analyzed. The function role of Rasal2 in NSCLC cells were measured by small interfering RNA (si-RNA), immunostaining, transwell assay and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Low Rasal2 expression level was observed in human NSCLC tissue and cell lines and significantly related to tumor thickness, ulceration and TNM staging in NSCLC patients. Rasal2 knockdown significantly increased NSCLC cell invasion and migration. Mechanistically, we showed that Rasal2 knockdown significantly increased the phosphorylation level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/Raf1/mitogen-activated protein extracellular kinase (MEK) thus activated Ras/ERK signal pathway. Thus, our data showed that Rasal2 is downregulated in NSCLC cells and act as an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis suppressor through the Ras/ERK pathway. Rasal2 may be a prognostic biomarker for NSCLC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daping Fan
- Department of Respiratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Shihuan Yu
- Department of Respiratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Respiratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Siying Qu
- Department of Respiratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
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