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Fu B, Chen T, Jiang B, Feng H, Zhu Z, Li M, Zhang G, Jiang Y. 6PPDQ induces cardiomyocyte senescence via AhR/ROS-mediated autophagic flux blockage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123872. [PMID: 38604309 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Recently, attention has been drawn to the adverse outcomes of N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPDQ) on human health, but its cardiac toxicity has been relatively understudied. This work aims to investigate the effects of 6PPDQ on differentiated H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Our findings demonstrated that exposure to 6PPDQ altered cellular morphology and disrupted the expression of cardiac-specific markers. Significantly, 6PPDQ exposure led to cardiomyocyte senescence, characterized by elevated β-Galactosidase activity, upregulation of cell cycle inhibitor, induction of DNA double-strand breaks, and remodeling of Lamin B1. Furthermore, 6PPDQ hindered autophagy flux by promoting the formation of autophagosomes while inhibiting the degradation of autolysosomes. Remarkably, restoration of autophagic flux using rapamycin counteracted 6PPDQ-induced cardiomyocyte senescence. Additionally, our study revealed that 6PPDQ significantly increased the ROS production. However, ROS scavenger effectively reduced the blockage of autophagic flux and cardiomyocyte senescence caused by 6PPDQ. Furthermore, we discovered that 6PPDQ activated the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway. AhR antagonist was found to reverse the blockage of autophagy and alleviate cardiac senescence, while also reducing ROS levels in 6PPDQ-treated group. In conclusion, our research unveils that exposure to 6PPDQ induces ROS overproduction through AhR activation, leading to disruption of autophagy flux and ultimately contributing to cardiomyocyte senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqiang Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China
| | - Tao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Haobin Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China
| | - Min Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China
| | - Guoxing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China.
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Chen S, Chen J, Wang C, He T, Yang Z, Huang W, Luo X, Zhu H. Betaine attenuates age-related suppression in autophagy via Mettl21c/p97/VCP axis to delay muscle loss. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109555. [PMID: 38147913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Age-related impairment of autophagy accelerates muscle loss and lead to sarcopenia. Betaine can delay muscle loss as a dietary methyl donor via increasing S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM, a crucial metabolite for autophagy regulation) in methionion cycle. However, whether betaine can regulate autophagy level to attenuate degeneration in aging muscle remains unclear. Herein, male C57BL/6J young mice (YOU, 2-month-old), old mice (OLD, 15-month-old), and 2%-betaine-treated old mice (BET, 15-month-old) were employed and raised for 12 weeks. All mice underwent body composition examination and grip strength test before being sacrificed. Betaine alleviated age-related decline in muscle mass and strength. Meanwhile, betaine preserved the expression autophagy markers (Atg5, Atg7, LC3-II, and Beclin1) both at transcriptional and translational level during the aging process. RNA-sequencing results generated from mice gastrocnemius muscle found Mettl21c, a SAM-dependent autophagy-regulating methyltransferase, was significantly higher expressed in BET and YOU group. Results were further validated by qPCR and western bloting. In vitro, C2C12 cells with or without Mettl21c RNA interference were treated different concentration of betaine (0 mM, 10 mM) under methionine-starved condition. Compared with control group, betaine upregulated autophagy markers expression and autophagy flux. By increasing the SAM level, betaine facilitated trimethylation of p97 (Mettl21c downstream effector) into valosin-containing protein (VCP). Increased VCP promoted autophagic turnover of cellular components, ATP production, and cell differentiation. Knock-down of Metthl21c dismissed improvements mentioned above. Collectively, betaine could enhance aged skeletal muscle autophagy level via Mettl21c/p97/VCP axis to delay muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiedong Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongtong He
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenge Huang
- Center of Experimental Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Experimental and Teaching Center for Public Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China.
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Maroto R, Graber TG, Romsdahl TB, Kudlicki A, Russell WK, Rasmussen BB. Metabolomic and Lipidomic Signature of Skeletal Muscle with Constitutively Active Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1. J Nutr 2023; 153:3397-3405. [PMID: 37898335 PMCID: PMC10739780 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays an important role in aging and nutrition. For example, caloric restriction reduces mTORC1 signaling and extends lifespan, whereas nutrient abundance and obesity increase mTORC1 signaling and reduce lifespan. Skeletal muscle-specific knockout (KO) of DEP domain-containing 5 protein (DEPDC5) results in constitutively active mTORC1 signaling, muscle hypertrophy and an increase in mitochondrial respiratory capacity. The metabolic profile of skeletal muscle, in the setting of hyperactive mTORC1 signaling, is not well known. OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolomic and lipidomic signature in skeletal muscle from female and male wild-type (WT) and DEPDC5 KO mice. METHODS Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from WT and transgenic (conditional skeletal muscle-specific DEPDC5 KO) were obtained from female and male adult mice. Polar metabolites and lipids were extracted using a Bligh-Dyer extraction from 5 samples per group and identified and quantified by LC-MS/MS. Resulting analyte peak areas were analyzed with t-test, analysis of variance, and Volcano plots for group comparisons (e.g., WT compared with KO) and multivariate statistical analysis for genotype and sex comparisons. RESULTS A total of 162 polar metabolites (organic acids, amino acids, and amines and acyl carnitines) and 1141 lipid metabolites were detected in TA samples by LC-MS/MS. Few polar metabolites showed significant differences in KO muscles compared with WT within the same sex group. P-aminobenzoic acid, β-alanine, and dopamine were significantly higher in KO male muscle whereas erythrose-4-phosphate and oxoglutaric acid were significantly reduced in KO females. The lipidomic profile of the KO groups revealed an increase of muscle phospholipids and reduced triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol compared with the WT groups. CONCLUSIONS Sex differences were detected in polar metabolome and lipids were dependent on genotype. The metabolomic profile of mice with hyperactive skeletal muscle mTORC1 is consistent with an upregulation of mitochondrial function and amino acid utilization for protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Maroto
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
| | - Ted G Graber
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Trevor B Romsdahl
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Andrzej Kudlicki
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - William K Russell
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Blake B Rasmussen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.
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Pi A, Villivalam SD, Kang S. The Molecular Mechanisms of Fuel Utilization during Exercise. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1450. [PMID: 37998049 PMCID: PMC10669127 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is widely recognized for its positive impact on human health and well-being. The process of utilizing substrates in skeletal muscle during exercise is intricate and governed by complex mechanisms. Carbohydrates and lipids serve as the primary fuel sources for skeletal muscle during exercise. It is now understood that fuel selection during exercise is not solely determined by physical activity itself but is also influenced by the overall metabolic state of the body. The balance between lipid and carbohydrate utilization significantly affects exercise capacity, including endurance, fatigue, and overall performance. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the regulation of substrate utilization during exercise is of utmost importance. The aim of this review is to provide an extensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the pathways involved in the regulation of substrate utilization during exercise. By synthesizing existing research, we can gain a holistic perspective on the intricate relationship between exercise, metabolism, and fuel selection. This advanced understanding has the potential to drive advancements in the field of exercise science and contribute to the development of personalized exercise strategies for individuals looking to optimize their performance and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sona Kang
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Tang D, Kang R. SQSTM1 is a therapeutic target for infection and sterile inflammation. Cytokine 2023; 169:156317. [PMID: 37542833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation represents a fundamental immune response triggered by various detrimental stimuli, such as infections, tissue damage, toxins, and foreign substances. Protein degradation plays a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory process at multiple levels. The identification of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1, also known as p62) protein as a binding partner of lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase in 1995 marked a significant milestone. Subsequent investigations unveiled the activity of SQSTM1 to interact with diverse unstructured substrates, including proteins, organelles, and pathogens, facilitating their delivery to the lysosome for autophagic degradation. In addition to its well-established intracellular functions, emerging studies have reported the active secretion or passive release of SQSTM1 by immune or non-immune cells, orchestrating the inflammatory responses. These distinct characteristics render SQSTM1 a critical therapeutic target in numerous human diseases, including infectious diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structure and modulation of SQSTM1, discusses its intracellular and extracellular roles in inflammation, and highlights its significance in inflammation-related diseases. Future investigations focusing on elucidating the precise localization, structure, post-translational modifications of SQSTM1, as well as the identification of additional interacting partners, hold promise for unravelling further insights into the multifaceted functions of SQSTM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Zou K, Dong H, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Song D, Chu C. Comprehensive analysis of transcriptome-wide N6-methyladenosine methylomes in the Barrett's esophagus in rats. Genomics 2023; 115:110687. [PMID: 37454940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE As the most abundant RNA modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation plays crucial roles in various diseases. The aim of this study is to comprehensively map the landscape of the mRNA m6A modification pattern in Barrett's esophagus (BE) in order to find key genes and potential therapy for BE and even esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). METHODS Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) were performed to compare the difference in mRNA m6A methylation and differentially expressed mRNAs between BE and normal control (NC) tissues. Bioinformatics analysis was used to describe the m6A modification pattern and specific genes in BE and NC tissues. RESULTS Through MeRIP-seq, we obtained m6A methylation profiling in BE and NC tissues. In total, 11,026 unique peaks were detected in the BE groups, whereas 8564 unique peaks were detected in the NC groups. Peaks were primarily enriched within CDS with GGACU motifs and most of the peaks were within 1000 bp in width. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that hypermethylated and hypomethylated genes were significantly enriched in coronavirus disease pathway, calcium signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, PPI network was conducted and 18 hub genes were identified via STRING database and Cystoscope. Among them, ACTA1, CDC20, CKM, KIF20a, MYH11, TPM2, MYL9, DES, TNNT3 were overexpressed in EAC in the GEPIA gene bank and TPM1, KIF20a impaired patients' survival in the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Finally, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that co-expressed genes of TPM1 were significantly enriched in calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to perform comprehensive and transcriptome-wide maps to identify the potential roles played by m6A methylation in BE, which widely involved in oxidative stress. This foresees a guiding role in revealing the molecular mechanism of m6A-mediated genes that govern the pathogenesis and progression of BE and EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zou
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Jinan Digestive Diseases Clinical Research Center, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Jinan Key Translational Research Laboratory in Gastroenterology, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhua west Road, Jinan, Shandong 250102, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhua west Road, Jinan, Shandong 250102, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhua west Road, Jinan, Shandong 250102, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Danlin Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chuanlian Chu
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Jinan Digestive Diseases Clinical Research Center, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Jinan Key Translational Research Laboratory in Gastroenterology, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhua west Road, Jinan, Shandong 250102, China.
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