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Yu J, Fu R, Buhe A, Xu B. Quercetin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic inflammation by modulating autophagy and necroptosis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103719. [PMID: 38603936 PMCID: PMC11017357 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria initially induces liver inflammation with proinflammatory cytokines expressions. However, the underlying hepatoprotective mechanism of quercetin on LPS-induced hepatic inflammation remains unclear. Specific pathogen-free chicken embryos (n = 120) were allocated control vehicle, PBS with or without ethanol vehicle, LPS (125 ng/egg) with or without quercetin treatment (10, 20, or 40 nmol/egg, respectively), quercetin groups (10, 20, or 40 nmol/egg). Fifteen-day-old embryonated eggs were inoculated abovementioned solutions via the allantoic cavity. At embryonic d 19, the livers of the embryos were collected for histopathological examination, RNA extraction, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry investigation. We found that the liver presented inflammatory response (heterophils infiltration) after LPS induction. The LPS-induced mRNA expressions of inflammation-related factors (TLR4, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, MYD88, NF-κB1, p38, and MMP3) were upregulated after LPS induction when compared with the PBS group, while quercetin could downregulate these expressions as compared with the LPS group. Quercetin significantly decreased the immunopositivity to TLR4 and MMP3 in the treatment group when compared with the LPS group. Quercetin could significantly downregulate the mRNA expressions of autophagy-related genes (ATG5, ATG7, Beclin-1, LC3A, and LC3B) and necroptosis-related genes (Fas, Bcl-2, Drp1, and RIPK1) after LPS induction. Quercetin significantly decreased the immunopositivity to LC3 in the treatment group when compared with the LPS group; meanwhile, quercetin significantly decreased the protein expressions of LC3-I, LC3-II, and the rate of LC3-II/LC3-I. In conclusions, quercetin can alleviate hepatic inflammation induced by LPS through modulating autophagy and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Yu
- Camellia Research Institute, The Innovation Institute of Agricultural Technology, Department of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China.
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Literature and Media, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Amin Buhe
- Department of Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Camellia Research Institute, The Innovation Institute of Agricultural Technology, Department of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
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2
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Chang F, Xi B, Chai X, Wang X, Ma M, Fan Y. Molecular mechanism of radiation tolerance in lung adenocarcinoma cells using single-cell RNA sequencing. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18378. [PMID: 38760895 PMCID: PMC11101670 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of radiotherapy, a cornerstone in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), is profoundly undermined by radiotolerance. This resistance not only poses a significant clinical challenge but also compromises patient survival rates. Therefore, it is important to explore this mechanism for the treatment of LUAD. Multiple public databases were used for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. We filtered, normalized and downscaled scRNA-seq data based on the Seurat package to obtain different cell subpopulations. Subsequently, the ssGSEA algorithm was used to assess the enrichment scores of the different cell subpopulations, and thus screen the cell subpopulations that are most relevant to radiotherapy tolerance based on the Pearson method. Finally, pseudotime analysis was performed, and a preliminary exploration of gene mutations in different cell subpopulations was performed. We identified HIST1H1D+ A549 and PIF1+ A549 as the cell subpopulations related to radiotolerance. The expression levels of cell cycle-related genes and pathway enrichment scores of these two cell subpopulations increased gradually with the extension of radiation treatment time. Finally, we found that the proportion of TP53 mutations in patients who had received radiotherapy was significantly higher than that in patients who had not received radiotherapy. We identified two cellular subpopulations associated with radiotherapy tolerance, which may shed light on the molecular mechanisms of radiotherapy tolerance in LUAD and provide new clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyun Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Bozhou Xi
- The Second Clinical Medical SchoolShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Xinchun Chai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Xiuyan Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Center for Translational Medicine of Precision Cancer Immunodiagnosis and Therapy, Shenzhen YuceBioTechnology Co., LtdShenzhenChina
| | - Manyuan Ma
- Shenzhen Engineering Center for Translational Medicine of Precision Cancer Immunodiagnosis and Therapy, Shenzhen YuceBioTechnology Co., LtdShenzhenChina
| | - Yafeng Fan
- Department of Respiration, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
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3
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Li M, Xing W, Wang B, Qi N, Liu J, Yu S. Analysis of core promoter and transcription factors screening of porcine ATG7 gene. Gene 2024; 899:148138. [PMID: 38184022 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Wenwen Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Nannan Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jiying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China.
| | - Shali Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
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Spinazzola A, Perez-Rodriguez D, Ježek J, Holt IJ. Mitochondrial DNA competition: starving out the mutant genome. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:225-242. [PMID: 38402076 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
High levels of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants lead to severe genetic diseases, and the accumulation of such mutants may also contribute to common disorders. Thus, selecting against these mutants is a major goal in mitochondrial medicine. Although mutant mtDNA can drift randomly, mounting evidence indicates that active forces play a role in the selection for and against mtDNA variants. The underlying mechanisms are beginning to be clarified, and recent studies suggest that metabolic cues, including fuel availability, contribute to shaping mtDNA heteroplasmy. In the context of pathological mtDNAs, remodeling of nutrient metabolism supports mitochondria with deleterious mtDNAs and enables them to outcompete functional variants owing to a replicative advantage. The elevated nutrient requirement represents a mutant Achilles' heel because small molecules that restrict nutrient consumption or interfere with nutrient sensing can purge cells of deleterious mtDNAs and restore mitochondrial respiration. These advances herald the dawn of a new era of small-molecule therapies to counteract pathological mtDNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Spinazzola
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Diego Perez-Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Jan Ježek
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Ian J Holt
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE (Basque Foundation for Science), 48013 Bilbao, Spain; CIBERNED (Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Institute Carlos III), 28031 Madrid, Spain; Universidad de País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bilbao, Spain.
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Wang W, Lin L, Zhang Q, Yang J, Kamili E, Chu J, Li X, Yang S, Xu Y. Heteroplasmy and Individual Mitogene Pools: Characteristics and Potential Roles in Ecological Studies. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1452. [PMID: 37998051 PMCID: PMC10669347 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome or mtDNA), the extrachromosomal genome, is a multicopy circular DNA with high mutation rates due to replication and repair errors. A mitochondrion, cell, tissue, organ, or an individual body may hold multiple variants, both inherited and developed over a lifetime, which make up individual mitogene pools. This phenomenon is also called mtDNA heteroplasmy. MtDNA variants influence cellular and tissular functions and are consequently subjected to selection. Although it has long been recognized that only inheritable germline heteroplasmies have evolutionary significance, non-inheritable somatic heteroplasmies have been overlooked since they directly affect individual fitness and thus indirectly affect the fate of heritable germline variants. This review focuses on the characteristics, dynamics, and functions of mtDNA heteroplasmy and proposes the concept of individual mitogene pools to discuss individual genetic diversity from multiple angles. We provide a unique perspective on the relationship between individual genetic diversity and heritable genetic diversity and guide how the individual mitogene pool with novel genetic markers can be applied to ecological research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuhui Yang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (L.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.Y.); (E.K.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Yanchun Xu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (L.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.Y.); (E.K.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
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Glynos A, Bozhilova LV, Frison M, Burr S, Stewart JB, Chinnery PF. High-throughput single-cell analysis reveals progressive mitochondrial DNA mosaicism throughout life. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi4038. [PMID: 37878704 PMCID: PMC10599618 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are a major cause of inherited disease and contribute to common late-onset human disorders. The late onset and clinical progression of mtDNA-associated disease is thought to be due to changing heteroplasmy levels, but it is not known how and when this occurs. Performing high-throughput single-cell genotyping in two mouse models of human mtDNA disease, we saw unanticipated cell-to-cell differences in mtDNA heteroplasmy levels that emerged prenatally and progressively increased throughout life. Proliferating spleen cells and nondividing brain cells had a similar single-cell heteroplasmy variance, implicating mtDNA or organelle turnover as the major force determining cell heteroplasmy levels. The two different mtDNA mutations segregated at different rates with no evidence of selection, consistent with different rates of random genetic drift in vivo, leading to the accumulation of cells with a very high mutation burden at different rates. This provides an explanation for differences in severity seen in human diseases caused by similar mtDNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Glynos
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lyuba V. Bozhilova
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michele Frison
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Burr
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B. Stewart
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Patrick F. Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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Kremer LS, Bozhilova LV, Rubalcava-Gracia D, Filograna R, Upadhyay M, Koolmeister C, Chinnery PF, Larsson NG. A role for BCL2L13 and autophagy in germline purifying selection of mtDNA. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010573. [PMID: 36608143 PMCID: PMC9851501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited uniparentally through the female germline without undergoing recombination. This poses a major problem as deleterious mtDNA mutations must be eliminated to avoid a mutational meltdown over generations. At least two mechanisms that can decrease the mutation load during maternal transmission are operational: a stochastic bottleneck for mtDNA transmission from mother to child, and a directed purifying selection against transmission of deleterious mtDNA mutations. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling these processes remain unknown. In this study, we systematically tested whether decreased autophagy contributes to purifying selection by crossing the C5024T mouse model harbouring a single pathogenic heteroplasmic mutation in the tRNAAla gene of the mtDNA with different autophagy-deficient mouse models, including knockouts of Parkin, Bcl2l13, Ulk1, and Ulk2. Our study reveals a statistically robust effect of knockout of Bcl2l13 on the selection process, and weaker evidence for the effect of Ulk1 and potentially Ulk2, while no statistically significant impact is seen for knockout of Parkin. This points at distinctive roles of these players in germline purifying selection. Overall, our approach provides a framework for investigating the roles of other important factors involved in the enigmatic process of purifying selection and guides further investigations for the role of BCL2L13 in the elimination of non-synonymous mutations in protein-coding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S. Kremer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lyuba V. Bozhilova
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Rubalcava-Gracia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberta Filograna
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mamta Upadhyay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Koolmeister
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick F. Chinnery
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PFC); (N-GL)
| | - Nils-Göran Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (PFC); (N-GL)
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Chiaratti MR, Chinnery PF. Modulating mitochondrial DNA mutations: factors shaping heteroplasmy in the germ line and somatic cells. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106466. [PMID: 36174964 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Until recently it was thought that most humans only harbor one type of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), however, deep sequencing and single-cell analysis has shown the converse - that mixed populations of mtDNA (heteroplasmy) are the norm. This is important because heteroplasmy levels can change dramatically during transmission in the female germ line, leading to high levels causing severe mitochondrial diseases. There is also emerging evidence that low level mtDNA mutations contribute to common late onset diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and cardiometabolic diseases because the inherited mutation levels can change within developing organs and non-dividing cells over time. Initial predictions suggested that the segregation of mtDNA heteroplasmy was largely stochastic, with an equal tendency for levels to increase or decrease. However, transgenic animal work and single-cell analysis have shown this not to be the case during germ-line transmission and in somatic tissues during life. Mutation levels in specific mtDNA regions can increase or decrease in different contexts and the underlying molecular mechanisms are starting to be unraveled. In this review we provide a synthesis of recent literature on the mechanisms of selection for and against mtDNA variants. We identify the most pertinent gaps in our understanding and suggest ways these could be addressed using state of the art techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos R Chiaratti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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Morishita H, Komatsu M. Role of autophagy in liver diseases. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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