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Damen MAW, Detaille SI, Engels JA, De Lange AH. Perceived Factors Influencing Blue-Collar Workers' Participation in Worksite Health Promotion Programs in Freight Transport: A Qualitative Investigation Using the TDF and COM-B. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:116. [PMID: 38276810 PMCID: PMC10815228 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Blue-collar workers in the freight transport industry report a high risk of developing chronic diseases, partly due to an unhealthy lifestyle. Worksite health promotion programs (WHPPs) may be able to promote a healthier lifestyle, but participation among blue-collar workers in these programs is generally lower than among other workers. The current study aimed to further examine factors that can explain participation of blue-collar workers in these programs. A pragmatic, qualitative study was conducted, and semi-structured interviews were held with 32 blue-collar workers in freight transport in the Netherlands (94% men, 81% driver, mean age 48 (SD = 11)). The interview guide was based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model, and was used to assess perceived determinants that influence participation. A combination of framework analysis and thematic analysis was conducted, which yielded the following nine main themes: (i) not being aware of WHPPs on offer, (ii) no clear picture of what to expect, (iii) (not) giving priority to health, (iv) expecting feedback and practical support, (v) being open and ready to change, (vi) preferring to be self-dependent, (vii) being offered a practical, fun and joint WHPP, (viii) having an employer who cares, thinks along and facilitates participation, and (ix) working and living in an environment in which a healthy lifestyle is not the norm. With these insights we were able to formulate recommendations to enhance the participation of blue-collar workers in WHPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. W. Damen
- Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, P.O. Box 2960, 6401 DL Heerlen, The Netherlands
- School of Organization and Development, Han University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah I. Detaille
- School of Organization and Development, Han University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine A. Engels
- School of Organization and Development, Han University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annet H. De Lange
- Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, P.O. Box 2960, 6401 DL Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Hotel School of Management, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Campus de A Coruña, Universidade da Coruña, 15701 A Coruña, Spain
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Damen MAW, Detaille SI, Robroek SJW, Engels JA, de Lange AH. Factors associated with blue-collar workers' participation in Worksite Health Promotion Programs: a scoping literature review. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad052. [PMID: 37379570 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of employers implement worksite health promotion programs (WHPPs). In particular, blue-collar workers may benefit from these WHPPs. However, they are less likely than other workers to participate and little is known about which factors affect their participation. The aim of this scoping literature review is to produce an overview of studies on factors associated with blue-collar workers' participation in WHPPs. Five databases were searched: BSU, PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science and CINAHL. The review included peer-reviewed empirical studies on determinants associated with blue-collar workers' participation in WHPPs. Factors were extracted and categorized. Similar determinants were clustered and the direction of the associations was further examined. Nineteen papers describing 11 qualitative and 4 quantitative studies met the eligibility criteria. Seventy-seven determinants were analyzed (in quantitative studies) or reported (in qualitative studies). In most studies, only participant characteristics were investigated. Participation may be enhanced by addressing needs, tailoring from a broad range of activities, offering group activities, requiring little effort and commitment at the start, using incentives, leading by example and combining WHPPs with occupational safety interventions. WHPPs seem to be able to reach blue-collar workers, but it remains particularly challenging to reach shift workers and those who do not yet experience health complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A W Damen
- School of Organisation and Development, Han University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, PO Box 2960, 6401 DL, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah I Detaille
- School of Organisation and Development, Han University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan J W Robroek
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josephine A Engels
- School of Organisation and Development, Han University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Annet H de Lange
- Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, PO Box 2960, 6401 DL, Heerlen, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Hotel School of Management, University of Stavanger, PO Box 8600, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Coruña, 15701, A Coruña, Spain
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Cunradi CB, Moore RS, Battle RS. Frequency of job stressors, difficulty unwinding after work, and sleep problems among urban transit operators. JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2018.1550650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carol B. Cunradi
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roland S. Moore
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robynn S. Battle
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Cunradi CB, Moore RS, Battle RS. Prevalence and Correlates of Current and Former Smoking among Urban Transit Workers. Saf Health Work 2017; 8:402-406. [PMID: 29276641 PMCID: PMC5715449 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transit workers constitute a blue-collar occupational group that have elevated smoking rates relative to other sectors of employed adults in the United States. This study analyzed cross-sectional tobacco survey data from 935 workers (60% African American; 37% female) employed at an urban public transit agency in California. Prevalence of current and former smoking was 20.3% and 20.6%, respectively. Younger workers were less likely than older workers to be current or former smokers. Having a complete home smoking ban was associated with decreased likelihood of being a smoker [odds ratio (OR) = 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.01–0.17], as were neutral views about whether it is easy for a smoker to take a smoking break during their shift (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.28–0.88). Current smoking among the sample is > 50% higher than the adult statewide prevalence. Potential points of intervention identified in this study include perceived ease of worksite smoking breaks and establishing home smoking bans. Tailored cessation efforts focusing on older transit workers more likely to smoke are needed to reduce tobacco-related disparities in this workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol B Cunradi
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Roland S Moore
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Robynn S Battle
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Oakland, CA, USA
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Factors Associated with Cessation Activities amongst a Multiethnic Sample of Transit Workers. J Smok Cessat 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/jsc.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Transit workers are a blue-collar occupational group with elevated rates of smoking despite access to free or low-cost cessation services available through their health insurance as a union-negotiated employee benefit. Little is known about the influences on cessation participation in this workforce.Aims: The purpose of this study is to analyse the factors associated with past-year cessation activities amongst a multiethnic sample of transit workers.Methods: Cross-sectional tobacco surveys were completed by 935 workers at an Oakland, California, USA-based public transit agency. Data from 190 current smokers (68% African American; 46% female) were analysed. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to identify factors associated with past-year cessation activity.Results: Approximately 55% of smokers stopped smoking for one day or longer during the past year in order to quit. Nearly half reported that the most common barrier to quitting was, ‘Not mentally ready to quit because I like smoking’. Workers in the contemplation/precontemplation stage for intention to quit were less likely to have engaged in cessation activities than those in the action/preparation stage (AOR = 0.34). Frequency of coworker encouragement for quitting was positively associated with past-year cessation activities (AOR = 3.25). Frequency of insomnia symptoms was negatively associated with cessation activity participation (AOR = 0.34).Conclusions: Most transit workers who smoke made a past-year quit attempt. Gaining insight into factors associated with participation in cessation activities can aid worksite efforts to promote cessation and reduce tobacco-related disparities.
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Battle RS, Cunradi CB, Moore RS, Yerger VB. Smoking cessation among transit workers: beliefs and perceptions among an at-risk occupational group. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2015; 10:19. [PMID: 25962517 PMCID: PMC4488953 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-015-0012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Transit workers, in comparison to the general population, have higher rates of smoking. Although smoking cessation programs are often available through workers’ HMOs, these programs are frequently underutilized. Quitting practices, including participation in cessation programs, are often associated with beliefs about smoking behaviors and the ability to quit. We analyzed how transit workers’ beliefs about cessation might function as barriers to or facilitators of participating in cessation activities. Findings We conducted 11 focus group discussions with 71 workers (45% female; 83% African American) at an urban public transit agency. Most participants (83%) were bus operators. Only current smokers and former smokers were recruited. Both current and former smokers recognized the need to quit and some were familiar with or at least aware of cessation programs and pharmaceutical aids offered through their HMO. Many, however, believed there were factors, such as smoker’s readiness to quit, recognition of the elements of addiction, and personal or observed experience with cessation, that facilitated or impeded successful quit attempts. Conclusion Beliefs play an important role and influence the extent to which transit workers participate in smoking cessation. Being cognizant of and addressing these beliefs so that workers gain an informed understanding is important when designing cessation programs. Doing so may help in creating tobacco cessation efforts that are seen as both attractive and beneficial to transit workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robynn S Battle
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Avenue, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
| | - Carol B Cunradi
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Avenue, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
| | - Roland S Moore
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Avenue, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
| | - Valerie B Yerger
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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